Child Abuse and its Mimics in Skin and Bone

Erscheinungsjahr 2012
ISBN: 978-1-4398-5535-5
Verlag: Taylor & Francis Inc

Buch, Englisch, 216 Seiten, Format (B × H): 180 mm x 262 mm, Gewicht: 676 g

Of all children reported to child protective services for suspected maltreatment in any form, the percentage of substantiated cases of actual physical abuse is quite small. There are a number of dermatological or radiologically demonstrable musculoskeletal lesions that have been, or could be mistaken for, intentional physical abuse by the inexperienced or untrained observer.

Child Abuse and Its Mimics in Skin and Bone illustrates the classic manifestations of physical abuse by dermatological and radiological examination as a standard against which the mimickers of physical abuse can be compared. Beginning with a historical perspective on child abuse, the book explores manifestations of superficial and musculoskeletal trauma in children. It examines conditions often mistaken for child abuse, ranging from rubella to leukemia and bowing deformities to vitamin A intoxication, as well as a plethora of dermatological conditions that can mimic signs of physical abuse.

Designed for a broad spectrum of individuals who may first encounter a possibly abused child, the book presents hundreds of photos—many in color—and examples collected by the authors over their years of experience in their respective fields. Where appropriate, the authors provide pertinent historical, physical, and laboratory information in support of the diagnosis.

With the combined insight of top experts in forensic radiology and dermatology, this volume enables clinicians and others confronted with cases involving these conditions to avoid a rush to judgment that could wreak havoc in a family and quite possibly delay needed treatment for an actual medical condition.

Zielgruppe

Forensic scientists, clinical pathologists, medical examiners, pediatric physicians, radiologists, dermatologists, and criminal justice practitioners.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Brogdon, B. G.

Elifritz, Jamie

Shwayder, Tor

Fachgebiete

• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizinische Fachgebiete Forensik, Rechtsmedizin, Gerichtsmedizin
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizinische Fachgebiete Bildgebende Verfahren, Nuklearmedizin, Strahlentherapie Radiologie, Bildgebende Verfahren
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Klinische und Innere Medizin Dermatologie
• Rechtswissenschaften Strafrecht Rechtsmedizin, Forensik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

The Concept of Child Abuse in Historical Perspective
Trauma—Inflicted or Accidental?
Incidence of Inflicted Trauma
Risk Factors
Suspicion, Substantiation, or Exclusion of Inflicted Trauma
Dermatologic Survey
Radiologic Survey
Musculoskeletal Trauma in Infants and Children: Accidental or Inflicted?
Part 1: Introduction
Injuries to the Bones and Joints in Children: Incidence
The Dilemma of Discrimination
Context Is Critical
Part 2: Radiological Findings in Nonaccidental Trauma
Introduction
Fractures of the Appendicular Skeleton
Fractures of the Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Radiological Mimickers of Physical Child Abuse
Metaphyseal Lesions
Scurvy
Rickets
Menkes Disease (Kinky-Hair Syndrome)
Congenital Syphilis
Intrauterine Infection
Rubella (German Measles)
Fetal Cytomegalovirus Infection
Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasias
Schmid Type
Leukemia
Meningococcemia
Little Leaguer’s Shoulder
Hypophosphatasia
Stippled Epiphyses
Fractures and Bowing
Perinatal fractures/birth injuries
Handling or "nursing" fractures
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)
Temporary Brittle Bone Disease (TBBD)
Bowing Deformities
Neurofibromatosis
Other Causes of Bowing Deformity
Congenital Indifference to Pain (Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy)
False Fractures
Factitious Splitting of the Femoral Head
Supernumerary Ossification Centers
Panner’s Disease
Normal Fractures
The "Toddler’s Fracture"
Supracondylar Fracture of the Humerus
Little Leaguer’s Elbow
Dislocations—Nontraumatic, Noninfectious, Nonabusive
Arthrogryposis
Larsen’s Syndrome
Periosteal New Bone Formation
Scurvy
Rickets
Congenital Syphilis
Leukemia
Osteomyelitis
Infantile Cortical Hyperostosis (Caffey Disease)
Prostaglandin Therapy
Vitamin A Intoxication
Familial Hypophosphatemia
Normal Physiological Periostitis of the Newborn
The Spine
Coronal Cleft Vertebra
Vertical or Sagittal Cleft
Hemivertebrae
Spina Bifida
Physiological Sclerosis of the Newborn
Hurler Syndrome
Stippled Epiphyses
Infarction
Vertebra Plana
The Skull
Increased Pressure?
Fractures
Wormian Bones
Cephalohematoma
Leptomeningeal Cyst
Abnormal Fetal Packing
Ping-Pong Ball Fractures
Dermatological Signs of Physical Abuse
Bruises
Abrasions and Lacerations
Bite Marks
Hair Pulling
Burns
Burns by Hot Liquids
Contact burns
Neither/Nor Lesions
Cultural Remedies, Folk Medicine
Coining
Cupping
Moxibustion
Caida de la Mollera
Dermatological Mimics of Physical Abuse
Mimics of Bruises
Hyperpigmentation
Purpura
Lichen Aureus
Erythema Nodosum
Morphea
Fixed Drug Eruption
Pityriasis Rosea
Pyoderma Gangrenosum
Lichen Sclerosis et Atrophicus
Mimics of Other Pattern Injuries
Amniotic Bands
Striae
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) Multiforme
Koebner Phenomenon
Burns
Lupus Erythematosis
Schamberg’s Purpura
Pityriasis Lichenoides
Linear IgA Dermatitis
Bullous Mastocytosis
Pityriasis Rubra
Morphea
Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris
Ringworm/Tinea
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome
Epidermolysis Bullosa (Blistering Diaper Dermatitis)
Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (Steven Johnson Syndrome)

Über Autor(innen)

Brogdon, B. G.
In his 60 years in radiology, B.G. Brogdon, MD, FACR, has pursued special interests in pediatric, musculoskeletal, and forensic radiology. A graduate of the University of Arkansas and ist College of Medicine, his academic career has included faculty appointments at the University of Florida; radiologist in charge, Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Johns Hopkins; chair of the Department of Radiology at the University of New Mexico; and now as university distinguished professor emeritus and former chair at the University of South Alabama. He is the author, coauthor, or editor of some 360 publications, including the classic Brogdon’s Forensic Radiology, now in ist second edition, and the prize-winning Atlas of Abuse, Torture Terrorism and Inflicted Trauma (CRC Press).

Elifritz, Jamie
Jamie Elifritz, MD, DABR, is a graduate of the Wright State School of Medicine in Dayton, Ohio. She became immersed in forensic radiology as a radiology resident under the direction of Dr. Brogdon at the University of South Alabama in Mobile. She completed a musculoskeletal and forensic radiology fellowship at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque, where she now occupies the position of assistant professor with a dual appointment in the departments of Radiology and Pathology. She is a member of the Center for Forensic Imaging at the Office of the Medical Investigator in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Shwayder, Tor
Tor Shwayder, MD, FAAP, FAAD, received a BA from Harvard University and attended the University of Michigan for medical school and pediatric residency. He was in pediatric practice for a short while before attending the University of Rochester Strong Memorial Hospital for dermatology training. He has been Director of Pediatric Dermatology at Henry Ford Hospital since 1987.

In his 60 years in radiology, B.G. Brogdon, MD, FACR, has pursued special interests in pediatric, musculoskeletal, and forensic radiology. A graduate of the University of Arkansas and its College of Medicine, his academic career has included faculty appointments at the University of Florida; radiologist in charge, Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Johns Hopkins; chair of the Department of Radiology at the University of New Mexico; and now as university distinguished professor emeritus and former chair at the University of South Alabama. He is the author, coauthor, or editor of some 360 publications, including the classic Brogdon’s Forensic Radiology, now in its second edition, and the prize-winning Atlas of Abuse, Torture Terrorism and Inflicted Trauma (CRC Press).

Tor Shwayder, MD, FAAP, FAAD, received a BA from Harvard University and attended the University of Michigan for medical school and pediatric residency. He was in pediatric practice for a short while before attending the University of Rochester Strong Memorial Hospital for dermatology training. He has been Director of Pediatric Dermatology at Henry Ford Hospital since 1987.

Jamie Elifritz, MD, DABR, is a graduate of the Wright State School of Medicine in Dayton, Ohio. She became immersed in forensic radiology as a radiology resident under the direction of Dr. Brogdon at the University of South Alabama in Mobile. She completed a musculoskeletal and forensic radiology fellowship at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque, where she now occupies the position of assistant professor with a dual appointment in the departments of Radiology and Pathology. She is a member of the Center for Forensic Imaging at the Office of the Medical Investigator in Albuquerque, New Mexico.