Explosives Detection Using Magnetic and Nuclear Resonance Techniques

2009. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-90-481-3061-0
Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore

Buch, Englisch, 292 Seiten, Format (B × H): 156 mm x 237 mm, Gewicht: 450 g

Reihe: NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics

Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) a highly promising new technique for bulk explosives detection: relatively inexpensive, more compact than NMR, but with considerable selectivity. Since the NQR frequency is insensitive to long-range variations in composition, mixing explosives with other materials, such as the plasticizers in plastic explosives, makes no difference. The NQR signal strength varies linearly with the amount of explosive, and is independent of its distribution within the volume monitored. NQR spots explosive types in configurations missed by the X-ray imaging method.

But if NQR is so good, why it is not used everywhere? Its main limitation is the low signal-to-noise ratio, particularly with the radio-frequency interference that exists in a field environment, NQR polarization being much weaker than that from an external magnetic field. The distinctive signatures are there, but are difficult to extract from the noise. In addition, the high selectivity is partly a disadvantage, as it is hard to build a multichannel system necessary to cover a wide range of target substances. Moreover, substances fully screened by metallic enclosures, etc. are difficult to detect. A workshop was held at St Petersburg in July 2008 in an attempt to solve these problems and make NQR the universal technique for the detection of bombs regardless of type. This book presents the essentials of the papers given there.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Fraissard, Jacques

Lapina, Olga

Fachgebiete

• Technische Wissenschaften Maschinenbau | Werkstoffkunde Technische Mechanik | Werkstoffkunde Werkstoffprüfung
• Technische Wissenschaften Sonstige Technologien | Angewandte Technik Sprengstofftechnologie, Pyrotechnik
• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Analytische Chemie Magnetresonanz

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Fundamentals of Pulsed Nitrogen-14 Quadrupole Resonance.- 14N Nqr Detection of Explosives With Hybrid Sensors.- Polarization Enhanced Nqr Detection at Low Frequencies.- Efficient Excitation and Ringing Suppression in Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance.- Detection of Concealed Liquid Explosives and Illicit Drugs in Unopened Bottles.- Prospectives and Limitations of Nqr Signal Enhancement by Polarisation Transfer.- Modeling of Qr Sensors for Optimized Explosives Detection.- Detection of Explosives by Nqr Method: Main Aspects for Transport Security.- Double Resonance Detection of (Mainly Nitrogen) Nqr Frequencies in Explosives and Drugs.- Signal Processing Methods in Nqr.- 14N Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Signals in Paranitrotoluene and Trinitrotoluene. Spin-Lock Spin-Echo Off-Resonance Effects.- Identification of Liquids Encountered in Carry-On-Luggage by Mobile Nmr.- The Two-Frequency Multipulse Sequence in Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance of N-14 Nuclei.- The Detection of Industrial Explosives by the Quadrupole Resonance Method: Some Aspects of the Detection of Ammonium Nitrate and Trinitrotoluene.- Development of Electric Field Nmr Signal Acquisition System.- Berry's Phase in Nqr of Powders.- Contribution of Copper Nqr Spectroscopy to the Geological Studies of Complex Sulfides and Oxides.