Fundamentals of Pharmacology for Children's Nurses

1. Auflage 2022
ISBN: 978-1-119-63321-1
Verlag: John Wiley and Sons Ltd

Buch, Englisch, 448 Seiten, Format (B × H): 178 mm x 254 mm, Gewicht: 829 g

Reihe: Fundamentals

Registered Nurses must have thorough knowledge of pharmacology, medicines administration, and the effects of medicines. Fundamentals of Pharmacology for Children's Nurses is written for nurses and allied health professionals involved in the care of children and young people (CYP) to focus exclusively on pharmacology. Filling a gap in current literature on the subject, this much-needed resource develops the competence and confidence required to prescribe, dispense, and administer medicines to children and young people.

Emphasising the importance of patient-centered care to CYP, the text describes the role of the healthcare provider working with CYP and their families; explains how to use pharmaceutical and prescribing reference guides; discusses legal and ethical issues; examines pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, and more. Helping readers respond appropriately and compassionately to the needs of those receiving care and their families, this textbook:

* Covers a wide range of medications used in diabetes, cancer, mental health, and other areas
* Features a wealth of full-colour images and numerous pedagogical tools including learning objectives, self-test questions, and reflective exercises to enable readers to contextualise and assess their knowledge
* Presents case studies to reinforce learning, and illustrate the application of theory to practice
* Provides authoritative and practical guidance on formulations, adverse drug reactions, analgesics, antibiotics, immunisations, and the medications most commonly used when providing care to CYP
* Includes access to a companion website with interactive MCQs, case studies, references, an image bank, and links to further reading and supplemental resources

Fundamentals of Pharmacology for Children's Nurses is essential reading for undergraduate children's nursing students, trainee nursing associates, those undertaking healthcare programmes of study, as well as those seeking to better understand pharmacology.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Peate, Ian

Dryden, Peter

Fachgebiete

• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Pflege Krankenpflege
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Pflege Kinderkrankenpflege
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizinische Fachgebiete Pharmakologie, Toxikologie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Contributors xv

Preface xxv

Acknowledgements xxvii

Prefixes and Suffixes xxix

Abbreviations xli

About the Companion Website xliii

1 Introduction to Pharmacology, Children and Young People 1

Introduction to Pharmacology 2

Professional Framework 2

The Importance and Value of Medicine Within Healthcare 3

Therapeutic Pharmacology 3

Social Prescribing 4

Safety Within Paediatric Care 5

Medicines Optimisation 5

Medicines 6

Medicine Management 6

Safety: Rights of Medication Administration 7

Specific Considerations for Babies, Children and Young People 7

Infancy 7

Adolescents 9

Tablets 10

Distraction Techniques 10

Conclusion 11

Glossary 11

References 12

Further Resources 12

Multiple Choice Questions 13

Find Out More 14

2 How to Use Pharmaceutical and Prescribing Reference Guides 17

Introduction 18

The British National Formulary and the British National Formulary for Children 19

Paper Copy BNFc 19

How to navigate the BNFc 19

Online and Mobile Application BNFc 23

Monthly Index of Medical Specialities (MIMS) 24

Electronic Medicines Compendium 26

What can be Prescribed on an NHS Prescription? 26

Other Guides to Prescribing 27

The Evidence Base to Prescribing: Prescribing Guidelines 28

Conclusion 30

References 30

Further Resources 30

Multiple Choice Questions 30

3 Legal and Ethical Issues 33

Introduction 34

The Law 34

The Bolam Test 35

The Children Act 2004 36

Duty of Care and Healthcare 37

Regulation of Healthcare 37

Ethical Principles and Theories 38

Research 39

Children and Young People who are under 16 years - Gillick and Fraser Guidance 42

Assessing and Promoting Competence 42

Parental Responsibility 43

Medication Adherence and Administration 43

Conclusion 44

References 45

Further Resources 47

Multiple Choice Questions 47

Find Out More 48

4 Medicines Management and the Role of the Healthcare Provider Working with Children, Young People and Families 49

Introduction 50

Being an Accountable Professional 51

Nursing and Midwifery Council 51

Employer and Colleagues 51

Promoting Health and Preventing Ill Health 52

Holistic Assessment 52

Assessing Needs and Planning Care 53

Self-Medication 55

Complementary and Alternative Medication (CAM) 58

Planning 58

Providing and Evaluating Care 58

Checking 59

Evaluation 59

Leading and Managing Nursing Care and Working in Teams 60

Improving Safety and Quality 62

Coordinating Care 63

Conclusion 65

References 65

Further Resources 66

Multiple Choice Questions 66

Find Out More 68

5 Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics 69

Introduction 70

Royal Pharmaceutical Society 70

The Nursing and Midwifery Council 70

Pharmacokinetics 70

Think Paediatrics 79

Pharmacodynamics 81

Conclusion 85

Glossary 85

References 85

Further Resources 87

Multiple Choice Questions 87

6 Drug Formulations 89

Introduction 90

Licensing of Paediatric Medicines 90

Types of Formulations 91

Excipients 96

Enteral Feeding Tubes 97

Displacement Values 100

Conclusion 101

Glossary 101

References 101

Further Resources 103

Multiple Choice Questions 103

Find Out More 105

7 Medications Used in the Cardiovascular System 107

Introduction 108

Gross Anatomy Related to Cardiovascular System (CVS) Pharmacology 108

Cardiovascular Drugs Affecting Chronic Conditions 110

Anticoagulant Medications 112

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors 113

Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists 114

Peripheral Alpha Antagonist or Alpha-Adrenergic Blockers: 'Alpha Blockers' 114

Cardiovascular Drugs for Use in Acute Clinical Scenarios 114

Electrophysiological System Recap 114

Drugs with an Inotropic Effect 117

Drugs with a Chronotropic Effect 121

Conclusion 123

Glossary 124

References 124

Further Resources 125

Multiple Choice Questions 126

Find Out More 127

8 Medications Used in the Renal System 129

Introduction 130

Anatomy and Physiology of the Renal System 130

Common Renal Conditions 132

Nephrotic Syndrome 132

Treatment of MCNS 134

Drugs Used to Treat Electrolyte Disorders 138

Conclusion 145

Glossary 145

References 146

Further Resources 147

Multiple Choice Questions 148

Find Out More 149

9 Medications Used in the Endocrine System 151

Introduction 152

The Endocrine System 152

Medications Used in Endocrine Disorders Affecting Growth 154

Endocrine Disorders of Puberty 157

Drugs Used to Block Puberty or the Action of Sex Steroids 160

Drugs Used to Reduce the Action of Sex Steroids 161

Medications Used in Disorders of the Adrenal Glands 162

Medications Used in the Management of Diabetes 163

Conclusion 163

Glossary 169

References 169

Further Resources 170

Multiple Choice Questions 170

Find Out More 172

10 Medications Used in the Respiratory System 173

Introduction 174

Asthma 175

Croup 177

Bronchiolitis 178

Pneumonia 178

Cystic Fibrosis 179

Respiratory Medicines 180

Antibiotics 187

Mucolytics 188

Other Respiratory Drugs 188

Conclusion 189

Glossary 190

References 190

Further Resources 191

Multiple Choice Questions 191

Find Out More 192

11 Medications Used in the Gastrointestinal System 195

Introduction 196

Overview of the Anatomy and Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System 196

The Stomach 197

Small Intestines 198

The Liver 199

The Gallbladder 199

The Pancreas 199

The Large Intestine 199

Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD) 200

Enteral Feeding Tubes and Medication Administration 204

Constipation 208

Crohn's Disease 211

Conclusion 214

Glossary 214

References 215

Further Resources 216

Multiple Choice Questions 216

Find Out More 218

12 Medications Used in the Nervous System 219

Introduction 220

Epilepsy 221

Guillain-Barre Syndrome 228

Migraine 230

Status Migrainosus 234

Conclusion 234

Glossary 234

References 234

Further Resources 237

Multiple Choice Questions 237

Appendix 1: AEDs Used in Treatment of Childhood Epilepsy 239

13 The Immune System and Immunisations 241

Introduction 242

Types of Immunity 242

How Immunisations Work 243

Immunisation and Public Health 245

Immunisation Schedule 246

Vaccine Uptake 246

The 'Cold Chain' 248

Patient Specific Directions and Patient Group Directives 248

Administration of Vaccines 248

Common Reactions and Anaphylaxis 250

Communication with the Child and Family 251

The Green Book 252

Conclusion 252

Glossary 252

References 252

Further Resources 253

Multiple Choice Questions 253

Find Out More 255

14 Medications and the Integumentary System 257

Introduction 258

Anatomy and Physiology of the Integumentary System 258

The Epidermis 258

Common Skin Conditions 259

Conclusion 270

Glossary 271

References 271

Further Resources 272

Multiple Choice Questions 272

Find Out More 274

15 Medications Used in Children and Young People's Mental Health 275

Introduction 276

What Is Psychopharmacology? 276

Medications 276

Conclusion 288

Glossary 288

References 289

Further Resources 290

Multiple Choice Questions 291

Find Out More 292

16 Medications Used in Children and Young People's cancer 293

Introduction 294

Cancer 294

Cell Cycle 295

Chemotherapies 296

Immunotherapies in Treating Cancer 301

Corticosteroid Use in Cancer 308

Conclusion 312

Glossary 312

References 312

Further Resources 314

Multiple Choice Questions 314

Find Out More 316

17 Analgesics 317

Introduction 318

Pain Pathways 318

Definitions and Categories of Pain 319

Importance of Individualised Pain Assessments 320

Assessment Tools 321

Multimodal Management Strategies 323

Pharmacological Management 324

Non-opioids 325

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NAIDs) 327

Opioid Agonists 327

Codeine Phosphate 331

Dihydrocodeine 331

Tramadol 331

Morphine 332

Fentanyl 332

Adjuvants and Co-analgesics - Gabapentinoids 333

Inhalation Analgesics 333

Local, Regional and Topical Analgesia 334

Conclusion 337

Glossary 337

References 338

Further Resources 340

Multiple Choice Questions 341

Find Out More 342

18 Antimicrobial Medications 343

Introduction 344

Microorganisms 344

Antimicrobial Medications 345

Antibacterial Medications 345

Penicillins 347

Antiviral Medications 351

Antifungal Medications 354

Antiprotozoal Medications 357

Antimicrobial Resistance 359

Antimicrobial Stewardship 360

Prescribing Antimicrobials 362

Conclusion 362

Glossary 363

References 363

Further Resources 364

Multiple Choice Questions 365

Find Out More 366

19 Adverse Drug Reactions 367

Introduction 368

Adverse Events 369

Side Effects 369

Preventing ADRs 370

Recognising ADRs 371

ADRs and Immunisations 372

Allergic Reactions 373

Anaphylaxis 373

Medicines Safety and Reporting ADRs 376

Reporting ADRs via The Yellow Card System 377

Conclusion 379

References 379

Further Resources 380

Multiple Choice Questions 380

Answers 383

Index 387

Über Autor(innen)

Ian Peate, OBE FRCN is Principal, School of Health Studies, Gibraltar; Visiting Professor of Nursing, St George's University of London and Kingston University London; Visiting Professor, Northumbria University; Visiting Senior Clinical Fellow, University of Hertfordshire, and Editor-in-Chief of the British Journal of Nursing.

Peter Dryden is a Programme Lead for Children's Nursing and a Senior Lecturer, Department of Nursing, Midwifery & Health, Northumbria University, UK. He has worked on a number of National and Regional developments such as National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) standards for IBD.