Walker / Archbold The New World of Police Accountability

3. Third Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-1-5443-3918-4
Verlag: SAGE Publications
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 360 Seiten, EPUB

"This book gives a brief yet thorough summary of the main components of police accountability in the 21st century. What works, what doesn’t, and where are we going in the future? I love to use it with my undergraduate students to help them understand the complexities of policing in the modern era."
—Janne E. Gaub, East Carolina University
Completely revised to cover recent events and research, the Third Edition of The New World of Police Accountability provides an original and comprehensive analysis of some of the most important developments in police accountability and reform strategies. With a keen and incisive perspective, esteemed authors and policing researchers, Samuel Walker and Carol Archbold, address the most recent developments and provide an analysis of what works, what reforms are promising, and what has proven unsuccessful. The book’s analysis draws on current research, as well as the President's Task Force on 21st Century Policing and the reforms embodied in Justice Department consent decrees.
New to the Third Edition:

The national crisis over police legitimacy and use of force, is put into context through extensive discussions of recent police shootings and the response to this national crisis, providing readers a valuable perspective on the positive steps that have been taken and the limits of those steps.
Coverage of the issues related to police officer uses of force is now the prevailing topic in Chapter 3 and includes detailed discussion of the topic, including de-escalation, tactical decision making, and the important changes in training related to these issues.
An updated examination of the impact of technology on policing, including citizens’ use of recording devices, body-worn cameras, open data provided by police agencies, and use of social media, explores how technology contributes to police accountability in the United States. 
A complete, up-to-date discussion of citizen oversight of the police provides details on the work of selected oversight agencies, including the positive developments and their limitations, enabling readers to have an informed discussion of the subject.
Detailed coverage of routine police activities that often generate public controversy now includes such topics as responding to mental health calls, domestic violence calls, and police "stop and frisk" practices.
Issues related to policing and race relations are addressed head-on through a careful examination of the data, as well as the impact of recent reforms that have attempted to achieve professional, bias-free policing.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Walker, Samuel E.

Archbold, Carol A.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preface

Acknowledgments

About the Authors

PART I: INTRODUCTION TO THE NEW POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY

1. A National Police Crisis

Ferguson 2014: The Shooting of Michael Brown

A National Police Crisis

The New Conversation About Policing and Police Reform

The Challenge of Police Accountability

A Definition of Police Accountability

PTSR: A Framework for Accountability

Basic Themes in the New Police Accountability

The Challenge Ahead: Reasons for Hope, Reasons for Caution

2. The Accomplishments and Limits of Traditional Police Reforms

Introduction

The Police Professionalization Movement

The Courts and Police Reform

Legislative and Related Strategies for Police Reform

Conclusion: The Lessons of Past Reforms

PART II: THE ELEMENTS OF THE NEW POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY

3. The “Heart Of The Matter”: Controlling Police Officer Use of Force

Introduction

Administrative Rulemaking: The Basic Model for Controlling Officer Conduct

Controlling Police Use of Deadly Force

Police Use of Less Lethal Force

Controlling Police Use of Physical Force

The Reporting and Investigation of Use of Force

De-Escalation as a Strategy for Limiting Use of Force

How Accountability-related Reforms Can Transform the Police Subculture

Conclusion

4. Controlling Critical Incidents

Introduction

Controlling Pedestrian Stops and Frisks

“Driving While Black”: Traffic Stops and the Racial Profiling Controversy

Vehicle Pursuits: Reducing the Risks

Officer Foot Pursuits: Reducing the Risks

The Deployment of Canines: Reducing the Harms

Reducing Gender-Related Bias in Policing

Responding to Mental Health–Related Incidents

Achieving Bias-Free Policing

Ensuring Officer Integrity

Ensuring Officer Wellness

Guaranteeing People’s First Amendment Rights

Conclusion

5. Public Complaints and Police Accountability

Introduction

A Short History of Public Complaints, Internal Affairs Units, and Public Oversight

Basic Issues of Complaints and Complaint Investigations

The Public Complaint Process

Accepting, Recording, Screening, and Classifying Complaints

Investigating Complaints

The Disposition of Complaints

Ensuring the Quality of the Complaint Process

Staffing and Managing the Complaint Process

Evaluating the Complaint Process

Conclusion

6. Early Intervention Systems

Introduction

The Background and Development of the EIS Concept

Basic Issues in Early Intervention Systems

The Basic Requirements for an EIS

The Components of an EIS

The Challenge of Implementing an Early Intervention System

Impacts of an Early Intervention System

The Effectiveness of Early Intervention Systems

The Experiences and Perceptions of EIS Police Managers

Conclusion

7. External Review of the Police

Introduction

Basic Features of Police Auditors and Inspectors General

The Work of the Inspector General for the NYPD

The San Jose Independent Police Auditor

The Los Angeles Police Commission and Inspector General

The Washington, DC, Office of Police Complaints

A Lost Agency: The Special Counsel to the Los Angeles Sheriff’s Department

Blue-Ribbon Commissions

The Strengths and Limits of External Review

Another Lost Program: The Collaborative Reform Initiative

Conclusion

PART III: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN ACCOUNTABILITY

8. Increasing Accountability with Risk Management

What is Risk Management?

Risk Management, Police Liability, and Accountability

Early Intervention Systems and Risk Management

The Prevalence of Risk Management in American Policing

Research on Risk Management in Policing

Barriers to the Implementation of Risk Management

Overcoming Barriers to Implementation: The Case of Risk Management in Medicine

Innovative Risk Management in Risk Management in Medicine: The Checklist

Checklists and Policing: Could it Work?

Legalized Accountability and Police Reform

Insurance Companies as Accountability Agents

Looking Ahead: The Future of Risk Management in Policing

9. Police Accountability and Technology

Introduction

Video-Recording Devices Used by the Public

Using Apps to Report Police Misconduct

Video-Recording Devices Used by the Police

Compliance With Body-Worn Camera Activation Policies

Perceptions of Police Body Cameras

Using Social Media to Inform the Public of Police Misconduct

Increasing Police Accountability with Open Data

The Future of Technology and Police Accountability

PART IV: THE FUTURE OF POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY

10. The Future of Police Accountability

The National Police Crisis and its Impact

Progress: “Best Practices” Today

Threats to the Future of Police Accountability

Final Thoughts

Index

Über Autor(innen)

Archbold, Carol A.

Carol A. Archbold is the Walter F. and Verna Gehrts Endowed Professor at North Dakota State University in the Department of Criminal Justice in Fargo, North Dakota. Her research interests include police accountability and liability, police misconduct, women in policing, and race issues in the criminal justice system. She has published articles in such peer-reviewed journals as Police Quarterly, Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, Journal of Criminal Justice, and Journal of Crime and Justice. In 2004, Dr. Archbold published a book based on the first national study of the use of risk management in law enforcement in the United States, Police Accountability, Risk Management and Legal Advising (LFB Scholarly Publishing). She coauthored Women and Policing in America: Classic and Contemporary Readings (Wolters Kluwer/Aspen, 2011) and is the sole author of Policing: A Text/Reader (SAGE, 2013). Dr. Archbold is also coauthor (with Dr. Samuel Walker) of the second (2014) and third (2020) editions of The New World of Police Accountability.

Walker, Samuel E.

Samuel Walker is Professor Emeritus at the University of Nebraska at Omaha, where he taught for 31 years. He holds a B.A. from the University of Michigan and a Ph.D. from The Ohio State University.

Sam is the author of 14 books, which have appeared in 39 different editions over the years. His most important books include Sense and Nonsense About Crime, Drugs, and Community (8^th ed., 2018), The Police In America: An Introduction, with Charles M. Katz (9^th ed., 2018), Police Accountability: The Role of Citizen Oversight (2001), and In Defense of American Liberties: A History of the ACLU (1990). He is also the author of several reports, including Early Intervention Systems for Law Enforcement Agencies (2003), and Mediating Citizen Complaints Against Police Officers: A Guide for Police And Community Leaders (2002).

Over the years, Sam has engaged in numerous speaking and consulting activities with federal agencies, local police, community groups, and private professional associations. He is presently an Advisor to the American Law Institute, Principles of Police Investigations Project. He testified before the President’s Task Force on 21^st Century Policing (2015) and the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights (2015). In 2013 he was an expert witness for the Plaintiffs in Floyd v. New York City, a challenge to the stop and frisk program of the New York City Police Department.

He has consulted with police departments and/or mayor’s committees in Albuquerque, Austin, Boise, Boston, Charlotte, Chicago, Cleveland, Kansas City, King County (WA), Los Angeles, Madison, Minneapolis, the New Jersey State Police, Oakland, Pasadena, Phoenix, Portland (OR), Reno, St. Louis, San Diego, Seattle, and other cities. He has spoken to and/or consulted with community groups in Ashland (OR), Baltimore, Biloxi, Boston, Chicago, Chico. Cincinnati, Des Moines, Los Angeles, North Charleston (SC), Omaha, Pasadena, Rochester (NY), San Francisco, Seattle, San Juan (PR), Washington, DC, and other communities.