Ball and Moore's Essential Physics for Radiographers

4th Auflage
ISBN: 978-1-4051-6101-5
Verlag: Wiley

Buch, Englisch, 432 Seiten, Format (B × H): 172 mm x 244 mm, Gewicht: 739 g

Since its first edition in 1980, Essential Physics for Radiographers has earned an international reputation as a clear and straightforward introduction to the physics of radiography. Now in its fourth edition, this book remains a core textbook for student radiographers.

The authors have retained the pragmatic approach of earlier editions and continue to target the book particularly at those students who find physics a difficult subject to grasp. The fourth edition builds on the major revisions introduced in the third edition. The content has been updated to reflect recent advances in imaging technology. The chapter on Radiation Safety has been completely rewritten in the light of the latest changes in relevant legislation, and a re-examination of the physical principles underpinning magnetic resonance imaging forms the basis of a new chapter. Worked examples and calculations again feature strongly, and the innovative and popular Maths Help File, guides readers gently through the mathematical steps and concepts involved. The reference citations have been updated and now include Internet sources.

Zielgruppe

Primary: Undergraduate radiography students, Secondary: Postgraduate radiography students Trainee Assistant Practioners on the Radiology and Oncology Practice foundation course.Radiography Assistants

Autoren/Hrsg.

Ball, John L.

Moore, Adrian D.

Turner, Steve

Fachgebiete

• Naturwissenschaften Physik Physik Allgemein Geschichte der Physik
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizinische Fachgebiete Bildgebende Verfahren, Nuklearmedizin, Strahlentherapie Radiologie, Bildgebende Verfahren
• Naturwissenschaften Physik Physik Allgemein Theoretische Physik, Mathematische Physik, Computerphysik
• Naturwissenschaften Physik Physik Allgemein Experimentalphysik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preface ix

How to use the Maths Help File xi

1 General Physics 1
Energy. Matter. Relationship between energy and matter. Systems of units. Physical quantities.

2 Internal Energy, Temperature and Heat 14
Internal energy. Temperature. Heat. Conduction of heat. Convection of heat. Radiation of heat.

3 Electricity 29
Frictional electricity. Types of electric charge. Electric force. Electric fields.

4 Atomic Structure 38
Elements and compounds. Atoms and molecules. Structure of the atom. Chemical behaviour of atoms. Post-Bohr ideas on atomic structure.

5 Electric Charge and Potential 55
Electric charges. Electrical potential and potential difference. The electronvolt.

6 Conduction and Storage of Electric Charges 67
Band theory of electrical conduction. Storing electric charge.

7 Current Electricity 82
Electric current. Circuit symbols. Potential difference. Resistance. Kirchhoff’s laws. Internal resistance. Electromotive force. Electrical energy and power. Charging capacitors. Discharging capacitors. Capacitors in series and in parallel. Applications of capacitors.

8 Magnetism and Electromagnetism 114
Laws of magnetic force. Force between magnetic poles. Magnetisation. Dia-, para- and ferromagnetism. Magnetic fields. Magnetic flux and flux density. Magnetic effect of electric current. Force on a current-carrying conductor. Moving coil meter.

9 Electromagnetic Induction 132
Induced emf. Fleming’s right-hand rule. Electromagnetic induction in a coil. Laws of electromagnetic induction. Mutual induction. Self induction. Time constant.

10 Alternating Current 140
Generation of alternating current (a.c.). Sinusoidal nature of a.c. Peak and effective values of a.c. Practical alternators. Mains power generation. A.C. circuit characteristics. Transformers. Transmission of power (National Grid).

11 Thermionic Emission 162
Principle of thermionic emission. Thermionic emission in a vacuum tube.

12 X-Ray Tubes 169
Construction of simple X-ray tubes. Modern materials and X-ray tube design. Line focus principle. X-ray tube shield. Cooling ofX-ray tubes.

13 Solid-State Devices 185
Properties of semiconductors. P–n junction diodes. Light-emitting diodes and photodiodes. Rectification in X-ray equipment. Transistors. Thyristors.

14 Electromagnetic Radiation 201
Origin of electromagnetic radiation. Modelling the behaviour of electromagnetic radiation. Wave theory of electromagnetic radiation. Quantum theory of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic spectrum. Spectral emission curves.

15 Light 224
Brightness of light. Colour of light. Production of light. Photoelectric effect.

16 X-Rays 245
Production of X-rays. Quality and intensity of X-rays.

17 Interaction of X-Rays and Gamma Rays with Matter 261
Transmission of X- or gamma rays through a medium. Processes of attenuation. Attenuation of heterogeneous beams.

18 X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Interaction with Tissues 287
Transmission of X- and gamma-ray beams through body tissues. Effects of scattered radiation on patient dose, staff dose and image quality.

19 X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Measurements (Dosimetry) 295
Absorbed dose. Measurement of dose. Evaluation of beam quality.

20 Radioactivity and Radionuclide Imaging 315
Causes of radioactivity. Radioactive transformation processes. Radioactive decay rates. Production of radionuclides. Medical applications of radionuclides. Radionuclide imaging.

21 Radiation Safety 337
Introduction. Sources of radiation exposure. Biological effects of radiation. Principles of radiation protection. Practice of radiation safety. Personal monitoring.

22 Ultrasound 359
Sound waves. Ultrasound. Ultrasound image production. Biological effects of ultrasound. Frequently asked questions.

23 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 373
Basic principles of magnetic resonance imaging. MRI equipment.

Appendix

Maths Help File 381

References and Bibliography 394

Index 397

Über Autor(innen)

John Ball is former Principal at the South West Wales School of Radiography, Swansea.
Professor Adrian D. Moore is Dean of the Faculty of Science and Technology and Pro Vice-Chancellor at Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge.
Steve Turner is Head of the Division of Radiography at Birmingham City University.