By Parallel Reasoning

1. Auflage 2012
ISBN: 978-0-19-532553-9
Verlag: ACADEMIC

Buch, Englisch, 370 Seiten, Format (B × H): 161 mm x 240 mm, Gewicht: 722 g

First systematic normative theory of analogical arguments in many years

By Parallel Reasoning is the first comprehensive philosophical examination of analogical reasoning in more than forty years designed to formulate and justify standards for the critical evaluation of analogical arguments. It proposes a normative theory with special focus on the use of analogies in mathematics and science.

In recent decades, research on analogy has been dominated by computational theories whose objective has been to model analogical reasoning as a psychological process. These theories have devoted little attention to normative questions. In this book Bartha proposes that a good analogical argument must articulate a clear relationship that is capable of generalization. This idea leads to a set of distinct models for the critical analysis of prominent forms of analogical argument. The same core principle makes it possible to relate analogical reasoning to norms and values of scientific practice. Reasoning by analogy is justified because it strikes an optimal balance between conservative values, such as simplicity and coherence, and progressive values, such as fruitfulness and theoretical unification. Analogical arguments are also justified by appeal to symmetry--like cases are to be treated alike.

In elaborating the connection between analogy and these broad epistemic principles, By Parallel Reasoning offers a novel contribution to explaining how analogies can play an important role in the confirmation of scientific hypotheses.

Zielgruppe

Philosophers, cognitive scienctists, scientists in general, those interested in the history of science and legal reasoning.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Bartha

Bartha, Paul

Fachgebiete

• Interdisziplinäres Wissenschaften Wissenschaften: Allgemeines Wissenschaften: Theorie, Epistemologie, Methodik
• Geisteswissenschaften Philosophie Erkenntnistheorie
• Geisteswissenschaften Philosophie Philosophische Logik, Argumentationstheorie
• Geisteswissenschaften Philosophie Wissenschaftstheorie, Wissenschaftsphilosophie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preface
1: Analogical arguments
2: Philosophical theories
3: Computational theories
4: The articulation model
5: Analogies in mathematics
6: Similarity and patterns of generalization
7: Analogy and epistemic values
8: Analogy and symmetry
9: Conclusion
Bibliography
Index

Über Autor(innen)

Paul Bartha, Associate Professor, University of British Columbia