Buch, Englisch, 488 Seiten, Format (B × H): 184 mm x 261 mm, Gewicht: 1176 g
Reihe: In a Nutshell
Buch, Englisch, 488 Seiten, Format (B × H): 184 mm x 261 mm, Gewicht: 1176 g
Reihe: In a Nutshell
ISBN: 978-0-691-12505-3
Verlag: Princeton University Press
Nuclear Physics in a Nutshell provides a clear, concise, and up-to-date overview of the atomic nucleus and the theories that seek to explain it. Bringing together a systematic explanation of hadrons, nuclei, and stars for the first time in one volume, Carlos A. Bertulani provides the core material needed by graduate and advanced undergraduate students of physics to acquire a solid understanding of nuclear and particle science. Nuclear Physics in a Nutshell is the definitive new resource for anyone considering a career in this dynamic field.The book opens by setting nuclear physics in the context of elementary particle physics and then shows how simple models can provide an understanding of the properties of nuclei, both in their ground states and excited states, and also of the nature of nuclear reactions. It then describes: nuclear constituents and their characteristics; nuclear interactions; nuclear structure, including the liquid-drop model approach, and the nuclear shell model; and recent developments such as the nuclear mean-field and the nuclear physics of very light nuclei, nuclear reactions with unstable nuclear beams, and the role of nuclear physics in energy production and nucleosynthesis in stars.Throughout, discussions of theory are reinforced with examples that provide applications, thus aiding students in their reading and analysis of current literature. Each chapter closes with problems, and appendixes address supporting technical topics.
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Weitere Infos & Material
Introduction 1
0.1 What is Nuclear Physics? 1
0.2 This Book 3
Chapter 1: Hadrons 4
1.1 Nucleons 4
1.2 Nuclear Forces 5
1.3 Pions 7
1.4 Antiparticles 8
1.5 Inversion and Parity 8
1.6 Isospin and Baryonic Number 10
1.7 Isospin Invariance 13
1.8 Magnetic Moment of the Nucleons 14
1.9 Strangeness and Hypercharge 15
1.10 Quantum Chromodynamics 21
1.11 Exercises 29
Chapter 2: The Two-Nucleon System 31
2.1 Introduction 31
2.2 Electrostatic Multipoles 32
2.3 Magnetic Moment with Spin-orbit Coupling 34
2.4 Experimental Data for the Deuteron 36
2.5 A Square-well Model for the Deuteron 38
2.6 The Deuteron Wavefunction 41
2.6.1 Angular momentum coupling 41
2.6.2 Two particles of spin 42
2.6.3 Total wavefunction 43
2.7 Particles in the Continuum: Scattering 46
2.8 Partial Wave Expansion 49
2.9 Low Energy Scattering 53
2.10 Effective Range Theory 59
2.11 Proton-Proton Scattering 61
2.12 Neutron-Neutron Scattering 64
2.13 High Energy Scattering 65
2.14 Laboratory and Center of Mass Systems 65
2.15 Exercises 68
Chapter 3: The Nucleon-Nucleon Interaction 71
3.1 Introduction 71
3.2 Phenomenological Potentials 72
3.3 Local Potentials 72
3.3.1 Nonlocal potential 78
3.4 Meson Exchange Potentials 80
3.4.1 Yukawa and Van der Waals potentials 80
3.4.2 Field theory picture 84
3.4.3 Short range part of the NN interaction 86
3.4.4 Chiral symmetry 87
3.4.5 Generalized boson exchange 89
3.4.6 Beyond boson exchange 91
3.5 Effective Field Theories 95
3.6 Exercises 96
Chapter 4: General Properties of Nuclei 98
4.1 Introduction 98
4.2 Nuclear Radii 98
4.3 Binding Energies 101
4.4 Total Angular Momentum of the Nucleus 104
4.5 Multipole Moments 104
4.6 Magnetic Dipole Moment 106
4.7 Electric Quadrupole Moment 109
4.8 Excited States of Nuclei 111
4.9 Nuclear Stability 114
4.10 Exercises 116
Chapter 5: Nuclear Models 119
5.1 Introduction 119
5.2 The Liquid Drop Model 119
5.3 The Fermi Gas Model 124
5.4 The Shell Model 128
5.5 Residual Interaction 142
5.6 Nuclear Vibrations 144
5.7 Nuclear Deformation 149
5.8 The Nilsson Model 150
5.9 The Rotational Model 153
5.10 Microscopic Theories 160
5.10.1 Hartree-Fock theory 160
5.10.2 The Skyrme interaction 162
5.10.3 Relativistic mean field theory 164
5.11 Exercises 166
Chapter 6: Radioactivity 170
6.1 Introduction 170
6.2 Multiple Decays--Decay Chain 171
6.3 Preparation of a Radioactive Sample 173
6.4 Secular Equilibrium 174
6.5 Natural Radioactive Series 174
6.6 Radiation Units 176
6.7 Radioactive Dating 177
6.8 Properties of Unstable States--Level Width 179
6.9 Transition Probability--Golden Rule 181
6.10 Exercises 183
Chapter 7: Alpha-Decay 185
7.1 Introduction 185
7.2 Theory of ?-Decay 185
7.3 Angular Momentum and Parity in ?-Decay 191
7.4 Exercises 194
Chapter 8: Beta-Decay 195
8.1 Introduction 195
8.2 Energy Released in ?-Decay 196
8.3 Fermi Theory 197
8.4 The Decay Constant--The Log ft Value 202
8.5 Gamow-Teller Transitions 204
8.6 Selection Rules 206
8.7 Parity Nonconservation in ?-Decay 206
8.7.1 Double ?-Decay 211
8.8 Electron Capture 213
8.9 Exercises 215
Chapter 9: Gamma-Decay 218
9.1 Introduction 218
9.2 Quantization of Electromagnetic Fields 218
9.2.1 Fields and gauge invariance 218
9.2.2 Normal modes 220
9.2.3 Photons 221
9.3 Interaction of Radiation with Matter 224
9.3.1 Radiation probability 227
9.3.2 Long wavelength approximation 228
9.4 Quantum and Classical Transition Rates 235
9.5 Selection Rules 240
9.6 Estimate of the Disintegration Constants 241
9.7 Isomeric States 243
9.8 Internal Conversion 244
9.9 Resonant Absorption--The M?ssbauer Effect 249
9.10 Exercises 255
Chapter 10: Nuclear Reactions--I 258
10.1 Introduction 2
