Buch, Englisch, 352 Seiten, Format (B × H): 185 mm x 231 mm, Gewicht: 703 g
Buch, Englisch, 352 Seiten, Format (B × H): 185 mm x 231 mm, Gewicht: 703 g
ISBN: 978-1-394-36724-5
Verlag: John Wiley & Sons Inc
New edition of the authoritative introduction to molecular photosynthesis
The Fourth Edition of Molecular Mechanisms of Photosynthesis delivers a brand-new update to the most authoritative textbook on the subject of photosynthesis, with important new information on timely topics including mechanisms and oxygen production. In addition to thorough coverage of foundational topics in photosynthesis, the book discusses cutting-edge advances in research in this area, including new structures, and improving the efficiency of photosynthesis.
Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of a fulsome appendix that incorporates a detailed introduction to the physical basis of photosynthesis, including thermodynamics, kinetics, and spectroscopy. A companion website offers downloadable figures as PowerPoint slides for instructors.
Written by an expert in the field, Molecular Mechanisms of Photosynthesis includes: - A thorough introduction to the basic principles of photosynthetic energy storage, photosynthetic organisms and organelles, and the history and early development of photosynthesis
- An expansive discussion of photosynthetic pigments, including their structure and spectroscopy
- Explorations of antenna complexes, energy transfer processes, reaction centers, and electron transport pathways in anoxygenic phototrophs and oxygenic photosynthetic organisms
- Comprehensive treatments of chemiosmotic coupling, ATP synthesis, and carbon metabolism
- Authoritative discussions of the evolution of photosynthesis and artificial photosynthesis
Molecular Mechanisms of Photosynthesis is an ideal reference for advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students in a range of disciplines, including life sciences, chemistry, and physics, as well as more senior scientists. An understanding of basic principles of chemistry, physics, and biology is assumed.
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Contents
Introduction to the fourth edition xi
Acknowledgments xiii
About the companion website xv
Chapter 1 The basic principles of photosynthetic energy storage 1
1.1 What is photosynthesis? 1
1.2 Photosynthesis is a solar energy storage process 3
1.3 Where photosynthesis takes place 4
1.4 The four phases of energy storage in photosynthesis 5
References 10
Chapter 2 Photosynthetic organisms and organelles 13
2.1 Introduction 13
2.2 Classification of life 14
2.3 Prokaryotes and eukaryotes 16
2.4 Metabolic patterns among living things 17
2.5 Phototrophic prokaryotes 18
2.6 Photosynthetic eukaryotes 23
References 27
Chapter 3 History and early development of photosynthesis 31
3.1 Van Helmont and the willow tree 31
3.2 Carl Scheele, Joseph Priestley, Antoine Lavoisier and
the discovery of oxygen 31
3.3 Ingenhousz and the role of light in photosynthesis 33
3.4 Senebier and the role of carbon dioxide 33
3.5 De Saussure and the participation of water 33
3.6 The equation of photosynthesis 34
3.7 Early mechanistic ideas of photosynthesis 35
3.8 The Emerson and Arnold experiments 36
3.9 The controversy over the quantum requirement of photosynthesis 39
3.10 The red drop and the Emerson enhancement effect 40
3.11 Antagonistic effects 41
3.12 Early formulations of the Z scheme for photosynthesis 41
3.13 ATP formation 43
3.14 Carbon fixation 43
References 44
Chapter 4 Photosynthetic pigments: structure and spectroscopy 47
4.1 Chemical structures and distribution of chlorophylls and
bacteriochlorophylls 47
4.2 Pheophytins and bacteriopheophytins 53
4.3 Chlorophyll biosynthesis 54
4.4 Spectroscopic properties of chlorophylls 57
4.5 Carotenoids 61
4.6 Bilins 63
References 64
Chapter 5 Antenna complexes and energy transfer processes 67
5.1 General concepts of antennas and a bit of history 67
5.2 Why antennas? 68
5.3 Classes of antennas 70
5.4 Physical principles of antenna function 71
5.5 Structure and function of selected antenna complexes 79
5.6 Regulation of antennas 92
References 95
Chapter 6 Reaction centers and electron transport pathways in anoxygenic phototrophs 101
6.1 Basic principles of reaction center structure and function 101
6.2 Development of the reaction center concept 102
6.3 Purple bacterial reaction centers 103
6.4 Theoretical analysis of biological electron transfer reactions 108
6.5 Quinone reductions, the role of the Fe and pathways of proton uptake 110
6.6 Organization of electron transfer pathways 113
6.7 Completing the cycle – the cytochrome bc1 complex 115
6.8 Membrane organization in purple bacteria 119
6.9 Reaction centers and electron transport in other anoxygenic
phototrophic bacteria 120
References 123
Chapter 7 Reaction centers and electron transfer pathways in oxygenic
photosynthetic organisms 127
7.1 Spatial distribution of electron transport components in
thylakoids of oxygenic photosynthetic organisms 127
7.2 Noncyclic electron flow in oxygenic organisms 129
7.3 Photosystem II overall electron transfer pathway 129
7.4 Photosystem II forms a dimeric supercomplex in the thylakoid membrane 130
7.5 The oxygen-evolving complex and the mechanism of water oxidation by
Photosystem II 134
7.6 The structure and function of the cytochrome b6 f complex 138
7.7 Plastocyanin donates electrons to Photosystem I 140
7.8 Photosystem I structure and electron transfer pathway 141
7.9 Ferredoxin and ferredoxin-NADP reductase complete the noncyclic
electron transport chain 145
References 149
Chapter 8 Chemiosmotic coupling and ATP synthesis 155
8.1 Chemical aspects of ATP and the phosphoanhydride bonds 155
8.2 Historical perspective on ATP synthesis 156
8.3 Quantitative formulation of proton motive force 158
8.4 Nomenclature and cellular location of ATP synthase 159
8.5 Structure of ATP synthase 161
8.6 The mechanism of chemiosmotic coupling 163
References 166
Chapter 9 Carbon metabolism 169
9.1 The Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle is the primary photosynthetic
carbon fixation pathway 169
9.2 Photorespiration is a wasteful competitive process to carboxylation 183
9.3 The C4 carbon cycle minimizes photorespiration 186
9.4 Crassulacean acid metabolism avoids water loss in plants 190
9.5 Algae and cyanobacteria actively concentrate CO2 192
9.6 Sucrose and starch synthesis 193
9.7 Other carbon fixation pathways in anoxygenic phototrophs 196
References 198
Chapter 10 Genetics, assembly, and regulation of photosynthetic systems 201
10.1 Gene organization in anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria 201
10.2 Gene expression and regulation of purple photosynthetic bacteria 202
10.3 Gene organization in cyanobacteria 204
10.4 Chloroplast genomes 204
10.5 Pathways and mechanisms of protein import and targeting in chloroplasts 205
10.6 Gene regulation and the assembly of photosynthetic complexes in
cyanobacteria and chloroplasts 209
10.7 The regulation of oligomeric protein stoichiometry 210
10.8 Assembly, photodamage, and repair of Photosystem II 211
10.9 Light regulation of antenna and photosystem composition in cyanobacteria 213
References 213
Chapter 11 The use of chlorophyll fluorescence to probe photosynthesis 217
11.1 The time course of chlorophyll fluorescence 218
11.2 The use of fluorescence to determine the quantum yield of Photosystem II 219
11.3 Fluorescence detection of nonphotochemical quenching 221
11.4 The physical basis of variable fluorescence 221
References 222
Chapter 12 Origin and evolution of photosynthesis 225
12.1 Introduction 225
12.2 Early history of the Earth 225
12.3 Origin and early evolution of life 226
12.4 Geological evidence for life and photosynthesis 229
12.5 The nature of the earliest photosynthetic systems 232
12.6 The origin and evolution of metabolic pathways with special
reference to chlorophyll biosynthesis 234
12.7 Origin and evolution of photosynthetic pigments 235
12.8 Evolutionary relationships among reaction centers and other
electron transport components 239
12.9 Do all photosynthetic reaction centers derive from a common ancestor? 242
12.10 The origin of linked photosystems and oxygen evolution 245
12.11 Origin of the OEC and the transition to oxygenic photosynthesis 246
12.12 Antenna systems have multiple evolutionary origins 248
12.13 Endosymbiosis and the origin of chloroplasts 252
12.14 Most types of algae are the result of secondary endosymbiosis 255
12.15 Following endosymbiosis, many genes were transferred to the
nucleus, and proteins were reimported to the chloroplast 257
12.16 Evolution of carbon metabolism pathways 258
References 260
Chapter 13 Bioenergy applications and artificial photosynthesis 269
13.1 Introduction 269
13.2 Solar energy conversion 269
13.3 What is the efficiency of natural photosynthesis? 272
13.4 Calculation of the energy storage efficiency of oxygenic photosynthesis 273
13.5 Why is the efficiency of photosynthesis so low? 274
13.6 How might the efficiency of photosynthesis be improved? 275
13.7 Artificial photosynthesis 276
References 281
Appendix A Light, energy, and kinetics 285
Index 327
