Buch, Englisch, 640 Seiten, Format (B × H): 256 mm x 203 mm, Gewicht: 1048 g
An Interdisciplinary Policy Perspective
Buch, Englisch, 640 Seiten, Format (B × H): 256 mm x 203 mm, Gewicht: 1048 g
ISBN: 978-0-19-752731-3
Verlag: Oxford University Press
The Urban Experience provides a fresh approach to the study of metropolitan areas by combining economic principles, social insight, and political realities with an appreciation of public policy to understand how U.S. cities and suburbs function in the 21st century. The new edition will feature a new cohesive framework called the Metropolitan Area Dynamic introduced in the first chapter of the book, then incorporated into every chapter, to demonstrate the demographic, economic, political, social, and public policy forces that impact metropolitan areas. The narrative of the book is grounded in the real life experiences of students and their families on the premise that there is a fascination about one's own surroundings to engage the students in their study. It uses a great deal of historical and comparative data to explore the wide variation in how we experience urban and suburban communities and will include greater discussion of cities worldwide to engage with large scale global issues like climate change, immigration/migration, and inequality. It addresses the changing role and function of U.S. metropolitan areas in an age of growing global competition and focuses on key contemporary problems facing cities and suburbs. Providing an interdisciplinary approach to the topic, the book introduces analyses from economics, sociology, and political science, urban studies, and public policy as useful tools to understand the evolution and current status of the nation's urban areas.
The book will be a valuable text for urban scholars, public officials, and all those interested in understanding urban dynamics.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Weitere Infos & Material
- Preface
- Part I Introduction to Cities and Suburbs
- Chapter 1 The Wonder and Paradox of Urban Life
- Urban Issues and the Social Science Lens
- Our Love/Hate Relationship with the City Our Love/Hate Relationship with the Suburbs The Importance of Density
- Urban Spillovers
- Economic Geographies and Political Geographies
- The Dynamics of Metropolitan Development
- An Analytic Framework for Understanding Metropolitan Area
- Dynamics
- Further Applications of the Analytic Framework
- Well-Being and Public Policy
- The Role of Political Power and Interest Groups Paradox and Urban Inquiry
- Key Issues in Urban Policy
- Globalization and the Changing Role of U.S. Cities
- The Tools of the Trade
- Opportunity Cost
- The Criteria of Efficiency and Equity Externalities
- Unintended Consequences
- Other Important Economic Concepts
- Chapter 2 Cities of the World: How Metro Areas Rank
- Defining Metro Areas
- The Need for Standard Definitions New Definitions
- Ranking The World's Metropolitan Areas Roles in the World Economy
- Ranking US Metropolitan Areas
- Cities and Their Reputations
- A Taxonomy of 21st Century Cities
- Central Cities and Suburbs
- Economic Rankings of Cities
- The Cost of Living
- Ranking World Cities
- Average Income per Capita per Year (PPP)
- Poverty
- Race and Ethnicity
- Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Global Cities
- Income Disparities in Global Cities
- Using Data Wisely
- Part II The Dynamics of Metropolitan Development
- Chapter 3 Metropolitan Development from the Seventeenth to the
- Early Twentieth Century
- The Geography of Growth: Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces
- The Era of Water and Steam Power
- The Era of Railroads, Electricity, and the Telephone
- Some Economic Concepts Underlying Urban Growth
- Trade and Transportation Costs Agglomeration Economies and Density Internal Economies of Scale
- Size of Consumer Markets Technological Progress
- Transportation Costs between 19th Century Cities Weber's Graphical Model of Transportation Costs
- Other Important Ideas from Weber and from Isard Transportation Costs within 19th Century Cities
- Agglomeration Economies and the Growth of Cities
- Technological Progress and Innovation
- Demographic Growth and Change in Urban Areas
- Internal Migration: From Rural to Urban America Immigration and the Growth of American Cities Annexation and the Growing Size of Cities
- The Changing Pattern of Urban Population Growth
- Chapter 4 Cities and Suburbs Moving Into the 21st Century
- The Dynamics of Metropolitan Expansion
- Formal Models of Urban Growth and Development
- Understanding Urban Land Values
- The Basic Alonso Model---Learning About Cities from Rural
- Farms
- Applying the Bid-Rent Model to Metro Area Development
- The Residential Paradox
- Constrained Choice and Political Factors in Land Values and Location
- The Evolution of 20th Century U.S. Metropolitan Areas
- Post World War II Business Location
- The Rise of the Post-World War II Suburb
- The Impact of Federal Policies on Suburbanization
- Class, Race, and Ethnic Segregation in the American City
- New Immigration and the Cities
- Cross-Currents of the Late 20th Century: Sunbelt Cities, Edge Cities, And Gentrification
- The Rise of Sunbelt Cities The Rise of Edge Cities
- Central Cities and Gentrification
- The Changing Fortunes of Individual Cities
- Globalization and the Competition for Industry in the 21st Century
- Weber and the Twenty-First-Century City
- Part III Foundations of Metropolitan Area Prosperity
- Chapter 5 Urban Prosperity and the Role of Trade
- A Short Primer on the Economics of Trade
- Absolute Advantage Comparative Advantage
- Limitations to the Theory of Comparative Advantage
- New Trade Theory
- The Theory of Competitive Advantage
- Trade and Prosperity
- Export Base Theory: The Demand Side of the Metropolitan Area's Economy
- The Basic/Non-Basic Approach: A Simple Measurement Technique
- Job Multipliers Location Quotients
- Limitations of the Basic/Non-Basic Approach
- Input-Output Analysis: A More Complex Set of Tools
- Limitations of the Input-Output Measurement Technique Limitations of the Demand Side Focus
- Shifting the Focus from the Demand Side to the Supply Side
- The Supply Side: A Long-Term Perspective
- Interactions between the Demand Side and the Supply Side
- Strategies for Less-Resilient Metropolitan Areas
- Competitive Advantage in Inner-City Neighborhoods
- Understanding Metro Area Prosperity in Light of Economic Theory
- Newly Prosperous Metro Areas in the US
- Summing Up
- Chapter 6 Urban Labor Markets and Metro Prosperity
- The National Economic Business Cycle
- Unemployment Across the Globe
- Employment and Unemployment in the United States
- What Occupations Pay
- Labor Market Earnings by Metro Area
- Occupational Wage Differentials Across Metro Areas
- Occupational Wage Differentials Between Occupations Across
- Metro Areas
- Theories About Wage Determination
- Understanding Wage Differentials
- Human Capital
- Market Power and Barriers to Mobility in the Labor Market
- Racial and Ethnic Discrimination
- Spatial Mismatch
- Skills Mismatch
- Employment, Social Networks, and Social Capital
- The Role of Unions
- Immigration
- Explaining Metro Area Earnings Differentials: A Summary
- Labor Markets and Urban Prosperity
- Part IV Current Policy Issues in Metro Areas
- Chapter 7 The Urban Public Sector
- Government's Economic Role in Metro Areas
- How the Private Market is Supposed to Work
- Supply and Demand in the Private Sector
- Market Failure and the Public Sector
- Market Power
- Information Problems
- Negative and Positive Externalities Pure Public Goods
- Government and the Distribution of Well-Being
- The Debate over the Scope of Government Intervention
- Market Failure and the Alternatives for Providing Goods and Services
- Regulated Private Markets Public Funding/Private Provision Public Provision
- Local Government Employment and Spending Patterns
- Privatization of Public Services
- Paying for Government Services
- Income and Sales Taxes Levied by Local Governments
- Pricing in the Public Sector
- A Primer on the Economics of Building and Paying for Bridges User Fees
- The Tiebout Hypothesis
- Limitations in the Tiebout Hypothesis Metropolitanism
- Individuals, Interest Groups, and Values
- Public Choice Theory Interest Groups and Elites Incrementalism
- Regime Theory and Growth Machines
- The Nature of Voting Systems
- The Challenge of Public Sector Decision Making
- Appendix A: Negative Externalities
- Appendix B: Positive Externalities
- Chapter 8 Urban Public Education and Metro Prosperity
- The Decentralized U.S. Education System
- Variation in School Spending
- The Importance of Schooling in Modern Society
- Variation in Educational Attainment across Metro Areas Educational Attainment and Metro Area Income
- Education, New Growth Theory, and the Well-Being of Cities and Suburbs
- Education Production Functions
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in Educational Opportunity and
- Outcomes
- Trends in School Success by Race and Ethnicity
- Understanding “Meritocracy”
- Educational Success: The Role of Pre-School
- Does the Level of Spending on K-12 Really Matter?
- An Expanded Education Production Function
- A Growing Array of Public Schools
- Career and Technical Education Public Schools
- Magnet Schools, Charter Schools, and For-Profit Schools
- School Choice and Voucher Systems Do These School Reforms Work?
- Chapter 9 Urban Physical Infrastructure: Water, Sewer, Waste, and Energy
- Combating Disease and Death
- Density and the Spread of Epidemics
- Water Supply Systems
- From Private to Public Operation
- Solid Waste Management
- The First Municipal Garbage System Coping with Mountains of Trash
- Urban Wastewater and Sewers
- Urban Sewer Systems
- New Challenges to Urban Sewer Systems
- Urban Energy Infrastructure
- Traditional Energy Sources
- The Impact of New Prime Movers in the Industrial Age
- Location, Location, Location -- The Problem of Distance and the
- Impact of Electricity
- New Fossil Fuel Sources, Distance, and Pipelines
- Energy Infrastructure in the Early 21st Century
- Chapter 10 Urban Area Transportation
- What Consumers Want: The Demand Side of Metropolitan Transportation
- Travel Trends
- The Journey to Work
- Externalities and the Movement of Goods
- Externalities and Mass Transit Subsidies
- The Supply Side of Metropolitan Transportation
- Issues in Contemporary Metropolitan Transportation Policy Short Run Issues: Getting Prices Right
- Long Run Issues: Deciding on Future Transportation
- Infrastructure Investment
- Transportation Equity Issues
- Chapter 11 Urban Social Infrastructure: Public Health, Welfare Policies, and Public Amenities
- Public Health Indicators
- The Provision of Public Health Services
- Infectious Diseases
- Chronic Illnesses and the Expansion of Public Health Initiatives
- Personal Health Care: Hospitals and Health Centers
- Health Care for the Poor
- Health Disparities in the Metro Region
- Urban Public Health in a Global Context: Epidemics, Bioterrorism, and Homeland Security
- Urban Social Welfare: Poverty, Unemployment and Living Conditions
- Ameliorating Living Conditions in Poor Neighborhoods
- Urban Public Amenities: Pastoral Parks and Public Libraries
- Social Unrest and the Provision of Urban Public Amenities
- Failure of Expectations and a Repurposing for the Twenty-First Century
- Chapter 12 Urban Public Safety
- Urban Police
- Police, Public Safety and the Public -- Some Basic Questions
- The Origins of Municipal Police Forces in the US
- Twentieth Century Transformation of Urban Police Departments
- The Role of Civilian Employees in Police Departments
- Crime Prevention in Urban Settings: From 20th Century to 21st
- Century Paradigms
- Reimagining Public Safety for the 21st Century
- Insights From the Data
- New Issues of the 21st Century: Private Security, Internet Crime, and Homeland Security
- Fire Departments
- Fire Safety Regulations
- Structural and Chemical Fire Hazards
- Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
- Chapter 13 Land Use Controls, Sprawl, and Smart Growth
- Land Use Restrictions and Zoning
- The Power of Eminent Domain
- The Legalization of U.S. Zoning Regulations
- Types of Zoning Regulations
- Underzoning and Overzoning
- Equity Issues in Zoning
- Zoning and Informal Settlements
- Zoning and Metropolitan Sprawl What's Wrong with Sprawl
- Urban Sprawl and Commuting Times
- The Debate About Sprawl
- Measuring Sprawl
- Generating Sprawl: Market Forces and Public Policy Reducing Sprawl: Market Forces and Public Policy Smart Growth
- Density, Crowding, and Pandemics
- Barriers to Smart Growth Implementation
- Equity and Efficiency Considerations in Alternative Metropolitan
- Growth Scenarios
- Land Use Controls and Spatial Form
- Chapter 14 Urban Housing Markets, Residential Location, and Housing Policy
- The Size of the U.S. Housing Market
- U.S. Home Ownership Rates over Time
- Variance in Home Prices and Rents Across Metro Areas
- What Drives Metro Area Housing Prices: Supply and Demand
- Pricing Housing and the Hedonic Index
- Budget Constraints and Housing Preferences
- Housing "Affordability"
- Housing Prices and Vacancy Rates
- The Impact of Accelerating Home Prices and Rents on Household Location
- Post World War II Suburbanization and Residential Segregation
- Measuring Segregation
- The Causes of Housing Segregation
- Segregation and Social-Class Structure Concentrated Poverty in the Inner City
- The Suburbanization of Poverty
- Housing Policy across the Globe
- U.S. Federal Housing Policy
- Subsidizing Housing Demand Subsidizing Housing Supply
- State and Local Housing Policy
- Rent Control
- The Unintended Short Run Consequences of Rent Control
- Intervening in Housing Markets: A Word of Caution
- Chapter 15 Urban Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Change
- The Human Causes of Climate Disasters
- Rising Global Temperatures and the Potential Impact on Cities
- Major Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG)
- The Cities Most Likely to Experience the Impact of Climate Change
- The Impact of Climate Change on U.S. Regions and States
- Sea Level Rise and Ground Water Loss
- A Tale of One City
- Combatting Environmental Disaster by Reducing Greenhouse Gases
- Reducing Pollution of Varied Types
- Climate Adaptation Activities and Climate Resilience
- Relocation as a Response to Climate Change
- Steps Toward an Urban Resilience Plan
- Tools for Comparing and Selecting Adaptation Options
- Urban Measures to Cut Greenhouse Gas Emissions
- Reducing Waste and Recycling Trash
- Creating Urban Energy Systems
- Reducing Vehicle Emissions
- Can Cities be Good for the Environment?
- Appendix A: Cost-Benefit Analysis
- Chapter 16 Urban Economic Development Strategies
- Firm Relocation in the U.S.
- The Trend in Manufacturing Employment
- The Geographic Dispersion of Jobs
- Goals of Economic Development
- Location from the Business Perspective
- Public Policy, Economic Development, and Firm Location
- Reducing Capital Costs (r x K) Reducing Labor Costs (w x L)
- Reducing Raw Materials, Natural Resources, and Transportation Costs (pn x N), Cs
- Reducing Taxes (T) Streamlining Regulations (R) Increasing Social Amenities
- What Works?
- Increasing a Firm's Total Revenue Reducing a Firm's Capital Costs
- Reducing Labor Costs/Increasing Skills and Education Public Provision of Transportation and Land Industrial Parks and Eminent Domain
- Reducing State and Local Taxes
- Streamlining Regulations and Enterprise Zones Building Convention Centers and Sports Stadiums
- Why Do Cities Pursue Economic Development Strategies with Such Low Payoffs?
- What are the Most Powerful Ways for Cities to Attract Private Investment and Jobs?
- Innovation Districts
- Playing Industrial Policy Right - The Case of the Massachusetts Life Sciences Center
- What Should City Leaders and Policy Makers Do to Play the Economic Development Game Better?
- Chapter 17 Urban Well-Being, Civility, and Civic Engagement in the 21st Century
- What Do We Want from our Neighborhoods and How Do We Get It?
- The Tiebout Hypothesis and Privatization of Public Spaces Gated Communities and the Avoidance of Dis-Amenities Dissatisfied Citizens and their Choices: Exit versus Voice
- How Do We Create Better Communities?
- The Role of Social Capital and Civic Engagement Social Capital, Suburbanization, and Sprawl Social Capital and Neighborhood Form
- Neighborhood Form and Crime Reduction
- The Effect of Social Capital on the Lives of the Most Vulnerable
- The Future of Metropolitan Areas
- Pandemics and the Future of Metropolitan Areas
- Crosscurrents in the Impact of Covid-19 on U.S. Metropolitan Areas
- Regeneration for Whom? Rebuilding Central City Neighborhoods Demographic Change and Low Income Communities
- The Perils of Success
- An Urban Thought Experiment
- Glossary
- Index
