Doctrines and Practice
Buch, Englisch, 224 Seiten, Format (B × H): 139 mm x 214 mm, Gewicht: 272 g
ISBN: 978-0-691-13838-1
Verlag: Princeton University Press
What is jihad? Does it mean violence, as many non-Muslims assume? Or does it mean peace, as some Muslims insist? Because jihad is closely associated with the early spread of Islam, today's debate about the origin and meaning of jihad is nothing less than a struggle over Islam itself. In Jihad in Islamic History, Michael Bonner provides the first study in English that focuses on the early history of jihad, shedding much-needed light on the most recent controversies over jihad. To some, jihad is the essence of radical Islamist ideology, a synonym for terrorism, and even proof of Islam's innate violence. To others, jihad means a peaceful, individual, and internal spiritual striving. Bonner, however, shows that those who argue that jihad means only violence or only peace are both wrong. Jihad is a complex set of doctrines and practices that have changed over time and continue to evolve today. The Quran's messages about fighting and jihad are inseparable from its requirements of generosity and care for the poor. Jihad has often been a constructive and creative force, the key to building new Islamic societies and states. Jihad has regulated relations between Muslims and non-Muslims, in peace as well as in war. And while today's "jihadists" are in some ways following the "classical" jihad tradition, they have in other ways completely broken with it. Written for general readers who want to understand jihad and its controversies, Jihad in Islamic History will also interest specialists because of its original arguments.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
- Geisteswissenschaften Islam & Islamische Studien Geschichte des Islam
- Geisteswissenschaften Islam & Islamische Studien Islam & Islamische Studien
- Geisteswissenschaften Islam & Islamische Studien Islam: Theologie
- Geisteswissenschaften Islam & Islamische Studien Islam: Koran, Heilige Texte & Traditionsliteratur
Weitere Infos & Material
List of Maps xi
Symbols and Accent Marks xiii
Preface xv
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 1
What Is Jihad? 1
Just War and Holy War 4
Warfare and Jihad 6
Fields of Debate 10
Historiography and Origins 14
Readings 18
CHAPTER TWO: The Quran and Arabia 20
Combat in the Quran 21
Gift and Reciprocity 27
Fighting and Recompense 30
"The Beggar and the Warrior" 32
Readings 34
CHAPTER THREE: Muhammad and His Community 36
Sira and Maghazi: Sacred History 37
Hadith: The Norm 45
Themes of Jihad in the Hadith 49
Fighting with One's Money 51
Readings 54
CHAPTER FOUR: The Great Conquests 56
The Course of Conquest 58
Explanations 60
Approaches to the Islamic Sources 64
Approaches to the Non-Islamic Sources 67
Readings 71
CHAPTER FIVE: Martyrdom 72
Martyrdom before Islam 73
Martyrdom in Quran and Tradition 74
Contexts of Martyrdom in Islam 76
Martyrs and Neomartyrs 79
Readings 82
CHAPTER SIX: Encounter with the Other 84
Conquest Society and Fiscal Regime 84
Treatment of Non-Muslims 87
Abode of Islam, Abode of War 92
Convivencia 93
Readings 95
CHAPTER SEVEN: Embattled Scholars 97
Syria and the Byzantine Frontier 98
Arabia 102
Iraq: The Synthesis of al-Shafi"i 106
North Africa 108
Spain 111
Central Asia 112
The Embattled Scholars: Conclusions 114
Readings 116
CHAPTER EIGHT: Empires, Armies, and Frontiers 118
The Umayyad Caliphate: Imperial Jihad 119
Revolution and Jihad 124
The "Abbasid Caliphate and Its Military Crisis 127
Frontier Societies: Against Byzantium 131
Frontier Societies: Spain and North Africa 134
Ribat 136
The Crusades 137
Ottoman Origins 144
Corsairs in the Mediterranean 149
The Western Sudan 151
Empires, Armies, and Frontiers: Conclusions 153
Readings 155
CHAPTER NINE: Colonial Empire, Modern State, New Jihad 157
Resistance and Reform 157
Fundamentalism and Islamism 161
Readings 165
CHAPTER TEN: Conclusions 167
Bibliography 175
Index 191
