Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI

Erscheinungsjahr 2021
ISBN: 978-0-19-760144-0
Verlag: Oxford University Press

Buch, Englisch, 896 Seiten, Format (B × H): 176 mm x 249 mm, Gewicht: 1520 g

This volume tackles a quickly-evolving field of inquiry, mapping the existing discourse as part of placing current developments in historical context; at the same time, breaking new ground in taking on novel subjects and pursuing fresh approaches.

The term "A.I." is used to refer to a broad range of phenomena, from machine learning and data mining to artificial general intelligence. The recent advent of more sophisticated AI systems, which function with partial or full autonomy and are capable of tasks which require learning and 'intelligence', presents difficult ethical questions, and has drawn concerns from many quarters about individual and societal welfare, democratic decision-making, moral agency, and the prevention of harm. This work ranges from explorations of normative constraints on specific applications of machine learning algorithms today-in everyday medical practice, for instance-to reflections on the (potential) status of AI as a form of consciousness with attendant rights and duties and, more generally still, on the conceptual terms and frameworks necessarily to understand tasks requiring intelligence, whether "human" or "A.I."

Autoren/Hrsg.

Dubber, Markus

Pasquale, Frank

Das, Sunit

Fachgebiete

• Rechtswissenschaften Wirtschaftsrecht Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz allg., Marken- und Kennzeichenrecht
• Mathematik | Informatik EDV | Informatik Informatik Künstliche Intelligenz
• Rechtswissenschaften Wirtschaftsrecht Medienrecht Telekommunikationsrecht, IT-Recht, Internetrecht

Inhaltsverzeichnis

- Part I. Introduction and Overview

- 1. The Artificial Intelligence of Ethics of AI: An Introductory Overview

- Joanna Bryson

- 2. The Ethics of Ethics of AI: Mapping the Field

- Thomas Powers, Delaware and Jean-Gabriel Ganascia

- 3. Ethics of AI in Context: Society and Culture

- Judith Donath

- Part II. Frameworks and Modes

- 4. Why Industry Self-regulation Will Not Deliver 'Ethical AI': A Call for Legally Mandated Techniques of 'Human Rights by Design'

- Karen Yeung, Andrew Howes and Ganna Pogrebna

- 5. Private Sector AI: Ethics and Incentives

- Tom Slee

- 6. Normative Modes: Codes and Standards

- Paula Boddington

- 7. Normative Modes: Professional Ethics

- Urs Gasser

- Part III. Concepts and Issues

- 8. Fairness and the Concept of 'Bias'

- Safiya Umoja Noble

- 9. Accountability in Computer Systems

- Joshua Kroll

- 10. Transparency

- Nick Diakopoulos

- 11. Responsibility

- Virginia Dignum

- 12. The Concept of Handoff as a Model for Ethical Analysis and Design

- Helen Nissenbaum and Deirdre Mulligan

- 13. Race and Gender

- Timnit Gebru

- 14. The Future of Work in the Age of AI: Displacement, Augmentation, or Control?

- Karen Levy and Pegah Moradi

- 15. The Rights of Artificial Intelligences

- John Basl and Joseph Bowen

- 16. The Singularity: Sobering up About Merging with AI

- Susan Schneider

- 17. Do Sentient AIs Have Rights? If So, What Kind?

- Mark Kingwell

- 18. Autonomy

- Michael Wheeler

- 19. Troubleshooting AI and Consent

- Meg Leta Jones

- 20. Is Human Judgment Necessary?

- Norman Spaulding

- 21. Sexuality

- John Danaher

- IV. Perspectives and Approaches

- 22. Computer Science

- Benjamin Kuipers

- 23. Engineering

- Jason Millar

- 24. Designing Robots Ethically Without Designing Ethical Robots: A Perspective from Cognitive Science

- Ron Chrisley

- 25. Economics

- Anton Korinek

- 26. Statistics

- Martin Wells

- 27. Automating Origination: Perspectives from the Humanities

- Avery Slater

- 28. Philosophy

- David Gunkel

- 29. The Complexity of Otherness: Anthropological contributions to robots and AI

- Kathleen Richardson

- 30. Calculative Composition: The Ethics of Automating Design

- Shannon Mattern

- 31. Global South

- Chinmayi Arun

- 32. East Asia

- Danit Gal

- 33. Artificial Intelligence and Inequality in the Middle East: The Political Economy of Inclusion

- Nagla Rizk

- 34. Europe's struggle to set global AI standards

- Andrea Renda

- Part V. Cases and Applications

- 35. The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Transportation

- Bryant Walker Smith

- 36. Military

- Jai Galliott

- 37. The Ethics of AI in Biomedical Research, Medicine and Public Health

- Effy Vayena and Alessandro Blasimme

- 38. Law: Basic Questions

- Harry Surden

- 39. Law: Criminal Law

- Chelsea Barabas

- 40. Law: Public Law and Policy: Notice, Predictability, and Due Process

- Kiel Brennan-Marquez

- 41. Law: Immigration and Refugee Law

- Petra Molnar

- 42. Education

- Elana Zeide

- 43. Algorithms and the Social Organization of Work

- Ifeoma Ajunwa

- 44. Smart City Ethics Goodman

Über Autor(innen)

Markus Dubber leads an interdisciplinary initiative, "Ethics of AI in Context," as director of the University of Toronto's Centre for Ethics, which facilitates collaboration among a diverse group of university and non-university scholars and researchers from a wide range of backgrounds and perspectives. He also has extensive editorial experience, including as co-editor of several Oxford Handbooks and editor-in-chief of Oxford Handbooks Online (Law).

Frank Pasquale (School of Law, University of Maryland) has published extensively on the law, policy, and ethics of artificial intelligence and cognate fields (including algorithmic accountability, machine learning, and big data). He has served on the Council on Big Data, Ethics, and Society, the Academic Council of the AINow Institute, and the National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics. His 2015 book The Black Box Society developed a social theory of reputation, search, and finance, while proposing pragmatic reforms to improve the information economy.

Sunit Das (University of Toronto, Medicine) has conducted research on the role of AI in medicine as a neurosurgeon at Toronto's St. Michael's Hospital, a neuroscientist in the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, and faculty affiliate of the Ethics of AI Lab at the Centre for Ethics, University of Toronto.