Buch, Englisch, 384 Seiten, Format (B × H): 174 mm x 250 mm, Gewicht: 881 g
Reihe: Practical Diabetes
Buch, Englisch, 384 Seiten, Format (B × H): 174 mm x 250 mm, Gewicht: 881 g
Reihe: Practical Diabetes
ISBN: 978-0-470-85733-5
Verlag: John Wiley & Sons Inc
This book provides a unique and comprehensive synopsis of the prevention and early diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes. It features articles by key opinion leaders in diabetes from North America, Europe and the Asia-Pacific region who describe the gravity of the problem and the important issue of screening, including contributions on the perspectives of the International Diabetes Federation and the World Health Organization.
Once patients at risk have been identified, the key issue is to prevent their progression to full-blown diabetes. Several chapters address this, particularly the difficult task of changing people’s behaviour. Prevention of the complications associated with diabetes involves more targeted interventions, which are discussed by experts in the relevant areas.
This book offers both a global perspective and local solutions. Key contributors include Paul Zimmet and Pierre Lefèbvre, President of the International Diabetes Federation who has written a chapter and a foreword.
Praise from the reviews:
"[A]n excellent resource for professionals who want a good means for getting up to speed on the prevention angle. It is all-inclusive from many perspectives – authorship of chapters, rich reference lists, and content (…). This book is a one-stop source for understanding the state of current prevention knowledge about type 2 diabetes."
—DIABETES TECHNOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
"This is a timely and helpful treatment of an important public health topic. I am unaware of any other contemporary books which address exactly this issue."
—DOODY'S HEALTH SERVICES
"An ambitious title, written by some of the world’s leading diabetologists, it takes a very careful approach ( …)"
—PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY REVIEWS (PER)
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
- Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Klinische und Innere Medizin Stoffwechselstörungen
- Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Klinische und Innere Medizin Endokrinologie
- Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizin, Gesundheitswesen Präventivmedizin, Gesundheitsförderung, Medizinisches Screening
- Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Klinische und Innere Medizin Diabetologie
Weitere Infos & Material
Foreword xiii
Preface xv
List of Contributors xvii
Section 1 The Diabetes Epidemic: Description of the Problem 1
1 The Diabetes Epidemic; Genes and Environment Clashing 3
Paul Zimmet, Adrian Cameron and Jonathan Shaw
Introduction 3
An Epidemiological Perspective 3
The Hidden Epidemic – Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Impaired Fasting Glycaemia 6
Glucose Intolerance and the Metabolic Syndrome 6
Globalization – its Impact on Human Health 8
Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents 9
Prevention – the Reality and the Challenge 10
References 10
2 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Primary and Secondary Prevention The Vision of the International Diabetes Federation 15
Pierre Lefèbvre
Introduction 15
Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 16
Prevention of Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 17
The Global Issue 18
References 19
3 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents 21
Thomas Reinehr and Martin Wabitsch
Introduction 21
Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents 22
Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents 23
Clinical Presentation of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents 25
Clinical Features of Caucasian Children with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 25
Differential Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents 27
Diagnostic criteria of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents 29
Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents 31
Screening for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents 33
Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents 34
Pharmacological Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents 35
Monitoring and Treatment of Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents 37
Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents 37
Conclusions 38
References 38
Section 2 Screening for Type 2 Diabetes 41
4 Screening for Undiagnosed Diabetes: Whom, Where, When and How 43
Tim Kenealy, Bruce Arroll and Peter Müller
Undiagnosed Diabetes and Its Harms 43
The Rate of Undiagnosed Diabetes in New Zealand 43
Should We Screen for Diabetes? 45
Theory of Screening 48
Screening Theories are Difficult to Apply to Diabetes: Implications of the Diagnostic Criteria for Screening Decisions 55
Current Recommendations, New Zealand and International 56
Current Practice in New Zealand 56
Studies of Practical Screening in New Zealand 57
Systematic Opportunistic Screening in General Practice 58
Who to Test: Which Groups are at Relatively High Risk? 59
How to Test: Specific Screening Tests and cut-off Values? 62
Screening Intervals 71
Difficulty Applying Recommendations to Individual Patients 71
Screening Algorithms for Asymptomatic People 72
Summary 72
References 73
5 Genetic Screening and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes 81
Paolo Pozzilli
Introduction 81
Lessons from Type 1 Diabetes for Genetic Screening 83
Methods for Early Prediction of Type 1 Diabetes and Prevention Strategies 84
Type 2 Diabetes: Where do We Stand as regards Genetic Screening 85
Genes that are Identified with a Predisposition to Type 2 Diabetes: the New Scene 86
How can We Track the Prediabetes Period using Genetic Markers? 87
Genetic Screening for MODY and Potential Preventive Strategy 88
Conclusion 90
Acknowledgements 91
References 91
6 Screening Parameters and Techniques: Limitations and Opportunities 93
Knut Borch-Johnsen and Charlotte Glümer
The Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes 94
What is Screening and How do We Evaluate a Screening Test? 95
Screening Strategies 96
Who Should be Screened – Targeted Screening Strategies Based on Phenotypical Characteristics? 99
Limitations, Perspectives and Recommendation 99
References 101
7 Screening for Diabetes Mellitus – the World Health Organization Perspective 105
Gojka Roglic, Rhys Williams and Stephen Colagiuri
Introduction 105
Formulating Policies on Screening for Type 2 Diabetes 109
Widening the Evidence Base 112
Implementing Policies on Screening for Type 2 Diabetes 117
Conclusions and Recommendations 117
References 120
Section 3 Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes 125
8 Findings from Preventive Type 2 Diabetes Trials 127
Markolf Hanefeld
The ‘Common Soil’ Hypothesis – a Rationale for Preventive Measures in Subjects with IGT 128
Lifestyle Trials with Prevention of Diabetes as Primary Objective 130
Pharmacological Trials with Prevention of Diabetes as Primary Objective 132
Coronary Heart Disease Prevention Trials with Prevention of Diabetes as the Secondary Objective 138
Studies for Primary Prevention of Diabetes in Progress 140
Is Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) a Disease? 142
Who Should be Treated (and How)? 145
Do We Treat Type 2 Diabetes too Late? 146
References 147
9 A Paradigm Shift is Needed in the Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes 153
Jaakko Tuomilehto
Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes – the Current Paradigm 153
Re-Defining the Paradigm of Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes 155
New Paradigm – A Population Approach for Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes 155
New Paradigm – Who is at High Risk? 156
New Paradigm – True Primary Prevention: Targeting People Before Their Blood Glucose Values are Abnormal 158
New Paradigm – Prevention of Complications of Type 2 Diabetes by Preventing Type 2 Diabetes Itself 159
New Paradigm – How could Money for Diabetes Care be Allocated in a More Efficient Way? 161
Comment 162
References 165
10 The Behaviour Change Process 169
Frank J. Snoek and Richard R. Rubin
Introduction 169
Readiness to Change 170
Goal Setting 172
Supporting Behaviour Change 172
Changes and Maintenance 173
Implications 175
References 176
Section 4 Prevention of Complications Of Type 2 Diabetes 179
11 Preventive Disease Management – Risk Stratification as a New Tool in the Hands of General Practitioners 181
Thomas Konrad
Chronic Diseases, Health-Care Systems, Internet and Economic Burden: From Intervention to Prevention 181
Basics of Preventive Medicine: Risk Stratification, Genetic Testing and Information 183
Principles of Assessment of Risk Factors in Clinical Practice for Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: Consequences for the Individual Life 185
Preventive Disease Management for Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and Cardiovascular Diseases: Phenotyping – the Early Detection of Insulin Resistance and Endothelial Dysfunction 189
Integrative Preventive Care: Community-Based Strategy to Avoid Chronic Diseases 193
Summary 197
References 198
12 Prevention of Obesity and Lipid Disorders 203
Hermann Liebermeister
Reasons for Prevention 203
Problems in Prevention 212
Community-Based Prevention Studies 216
Promoting Physical Activity 218
Workside Interventions in Adults 220
Specific Weight Gain Prevention Trials in Adults 220
Prevention of Diabetes and Obesity 222
Prevention of Lipid Disorders 227
Perspectives of Obesity and Dyslipidaemia Prevention 230
Acknowledgement 234
References 235
13 Renal Dysfunction and Hypertension, Focus on Type 2 Diabetes 245
Carl Erik Mogensen
Introduction 245
Historical Aspects 246
Evaluation of Diabetic Renal Disease and Classification 246
Diagnostic Procedures 249
Prevention 251
Treatment Strategy 252
Treatment in Overt Diabetic Renal Disease 255
Recent Treatment Guidelines for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus with Focus on Hypertension 257
The Dual- or Triple- Jeopardy Concept 257
Goals for Blood Pressure 258
Old and Very New Guidelines 258
Screening for Microalbuminuria 259
Prevention and Intervention Related to Type 2 Diabetes 261
Summary 263
References 263
14 Diabetic Retinopathy in the 21st Century: Screening and Visual Outcomes 271
Ayad Al-Bermani and Roy Taylor
Introduction 271
Epidemiology 272
Good Glycaemic Control 272
Good Blood Pressure Control 272
Other Risk Factors 273
Screening 273
Effect of Screening Upon Rates of Blindness 277
Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy 278
Panretinal Photocoagulation 278
Treatment of Macular Oedema 280
Vitrectomy 280
Summary 282
References 282
15 Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Neuropathy 285
Anders A. F. Sima
Introduction 285
Clinical Presentation and Classification of DPN 286
Pathogenetic Mechanisms 288
Tested Therapies 292
Future Therapeutic Opportunities 296
Concluding Thoughts 300
References 301
16 The Cardiologist’s View: Prevention of Macrovascular Complications 313
Michael Faust, Sabine Wiedenmann and Reinhard Griebenow
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 313
Occurrence of Diabetes in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease 315
Prognosis and Course of Coronary Heart Disease in Diabetic Patients 315
Explanatory Models for the Particular Fatal Course of Coronary Heart Disease in Diabetic Patients (Risk Factors) 316
Cardiovascular Complications – Preventive and Therapeutic Options 317
Interventional Revascularization 319
Procedure in Critical Ischaemia 320
References 320
17 Milestones and New Perspectives in Prevention of Type 2
Diabetes and its Complications 325
Carl Erik Mogensen
Classification of Diabetes 325
Insulin Treatment with Focus on Euglycemia in Type 2 Diabetic Patients 327
Sulphonylurea (SU) Preparations 329
Metformin 330
Glitazones 330
The Metabolic Syndrome 331
Home Monitoring of Blood Glucose 331
Glycated Haemoglobin 332
Diabetes Nurses, ‘Diabetes School’ and Dietary Help 332
Laser Treatment of Retinopathy, including Maculopathy, in Type 2 Diabetes 333
Diabetic Foot Care and Related Neuropathy 333
High Blood Pressure: Blood Pressure Lowering and Microalbuminuria 333
Lipid-Lowering Agents; Focus on Type 2 Diabetes 335
The Diet of Diabetic Patients 336
Multi-Factorial Intervention with Treatment Goals 336
Neuropathy 336
Conclusion 337
References 338
Index 343
