Regulation of Organised Civil Society

Erscheinungsjahr 2009
ISBN: 978-1-84113-800-8
Verlag: Bloomsbury 3PL

Buch, Englisch, 288 Seiten, Format (B × H): 161 mm x 240 mm, Gewicht: 602 g

Although much has been written on organised civil society - the loose collective of organisations that operate outside the public sector, the private market and the family unit - over the past 30 years, there has been little jurisprudential analysis. This is in spite of the fact that a number of jurisdictions, including England, New Zealand, Northern Ireland and Scotland, have recently implemented major reforms to the regulatory frameworks in which civil society organisations operate, with a particular emphasis on the charitable sectors. Redressing the balance, this monograph considers from first principles when it is appropriate to regulate organised civil society and how that regulation might best be accomplished. Four broad issues are addressed: (a) whether the activities undertaken by civil society organisations are distinct from the activities undertaken by the state or the market, either because they are pursued in unique ways, or because they produce unique outcomes; (b) if so, whether it is justifiable to regulate organised civil society activities in a sector-specific way; (c) if it is, whether the peculiar characteristics of these activities make one type of regulation more appropriate than another; and (d) whether it is appropriate to distinguish between charities and other civil society organisations for regulatory purposes. The monograph integrates the traditionally separate disciplines of civil society theory and regulation theory to provide answers to these questions and advance a rudimentary theory of regulation specific to organised civil society.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Garton, Jonathan

Fachgebiete

• Sozialwissenschaften Soziologie | Soziale Arbeit Spezielle Soziologie Rechtssoziologie
• Rechtswissenschaften Ausländisches Recht Common Law (UK, USA, Australien u.a.)
• Rechtswissenschaften Recht, Rechtswissenschaft Allgemein Rechtstheorie, Rechtsmethodik, Rechtsdogmatik, Rechtsprechungslehre
• Rechtswissenschaften Recht, Rechtswissenschaft Allgemein Rechtssoziologie, Rechtspsychologie, Rechtslinguistik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Introduction
I. A Brief History of Organised Civil Society

II. Civil Society and Regulation

A. England

B. Australia

C. Other Noteworthy Reforms

III. This Book

IV. A Note on Methodology

2 Constitution of Civil Society

I. Sector Model of Society

A. Private Sector

B. Public Sector

C. Informal Sector

D. Organised Civil Society

II. Unpacking Civil Society

A. Legal Definitions

B. Financial Definition

C. Economic Activity

D. Shared Structural Characteristics

III. Summary

3 Functions of Civil Society

I. Market Support

A. Systemic Activities

B. Environmental Activities

II. The Provision of Public Goods

A.Weisbrod's Theory of Market Failure

B. Hansmann's Theory of Contract Failure

C. Challenges to Contract Failure Theory

D. Levitt's Theory of Government Failure

E. Salamon's Theory of Voluntary Failure

F. Public Goods and the Public Benefit Test

III. The Provision of Private Goods Analogous to Public Goods

A. Intangible Services

B. Redistribution of Wealth

IV. The Facilitation of Political Action

A. Advocacy of Minority Interests

B. Accountability of Government

C. Pluralism and Civic Involvement

V. The Provision of Cultural Services

VI. The Facilitation of Self-Determination

A. Altruism

B. Mutuality

C. Ideological Expression

VII. The Facilitation of Entrepreneurship

A. Freedon to Innovate

B. Retention of Control

C. Civil Society Ethos

VIII. Summary

4 Foundations of Civil Society Regulation

I. Traditional Microeconomic Theories of Regulation

A. Monopoly Power and Anti-Competitive Behaviour

B. Excessive Competition

C. Public Goods

D. Externalities

E. Information Deficits and Accountability

F. Co-ordination and Irregularity of Production

II. Traditional Social Justifications for Regulation

A.Windfalls or Economic Rents

B. Other Social Goals

III. Justifications Specific to Civil Society

A. Philanthropic Failure

B. Challenges to Structural Characteristics

IV. Limitations of Regulation

A. Juridification

B. Contradictory Regulatory Goals

V. Summary

5 Boundaries of Regulation

I. Blurring of Sector Boundaries

II. Functional Overlap

A. Organised Civil Society and the Public Sector

B. Organised Civil Society and the Private Sector

C. Organised Civil Society and the Informal Sector

III. Micro Level Sector Interaction

IV. Macro Level Sector Interaction

A. Supplementary Relationship

B. Complementary Relationship

C. Adversarial Relationship

D. Protean Nature of Boundary

E. Social Origins Theory of Civil Society

F. Impact on Regulation

V. Summary

6 Regulation and Legal Definitions of Civil Society

I. The Charitable Sectors in England and Australia

A. Structure of the Charitable Sectors

B. Charitable Purposes

C. Functions of the Charitable Sectors

C. Non-Charitable CSOs

II. The Tax-Exempt Sector in the United States

A. The Charitable Sector

B. Non-Charitable Tax-Exempt Organisations

III. The Limits of Existing CSO Regulation

A. Non-Traditional Religion

B. The Prohibition on Political Purposes

C. Public and Private Benefit

IV. Summary

7 Implementing Regulation

I. Models of Regulation

A. Regulation by the Legislature

B. Regulation by the Courts

C. Regulation by Executive Agency

D. Regulation by an Official

E. Supplementing Regulation by the Executive

II. Strategies of Regulation

A. Command and Control

B. Incentive-Based Regulation

C. Disclosure Requirements

D. Education and Advice

III. Summary

8 Conclusions

I. Defining 'Regulation' and 'Organised Civil Society'

II. Towards a Theory of Regulation

III. Designing and Implementing Regulation

Über Autor(innen)

Jonathan Garton is a Lecturer in Law at King's College, London.