Encyclopedia of Geoarchaeology

2017. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-94-007-4827-9
Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore

Buch, Englisch, 1046 Seiten, Format (B × H): 225 mm x 287 mm, Gewicht: 3141 g

Reihe: Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series

Geoarchaeology is the archaeological subfield that focuses on archaeological information retrieval and problem solving utilizing the methods of geological investigation. Archaeological recovery and analysis are already geoarchaeological in the most fundamental sense because buried remains are contained within and removed from an essentially geological context. Yet geoarchaeological research goes beyond this simple relationship and attempts to build collaborative links between specialists in archaeology and the earth sciences to produce new knowledge about past human behavior using the technical information and methods of the geosciences.

The principal goals of geoarchaeology lie in understanding the relationships between humans and their environment. These goals include (1) how cultures adjust to their ecosystem through time, (2) what earth science factors were related to the evolutionary emergence of humankind, and (3) which methodological tools involving analysis ofsediments and landforms, documentation and explanation of change in buried materials, and measurement of time will allow access to new aspects of the past.

This encyclopedia defines terms, introduces problems, describes techniques, and discusses theory and strategy, all in a format designed to make specialized details accessible to the public as well as practitioners. It covers subjects in environmental archaeology, dating, materials analysis, and paleoecology, all of which represent different sources of specialist knowledge that must be shared in order to reconstruct, analyze, and explain the record of the human past. It will not specifically cover sites, civilizations, and ancient cultures, etc., that are better described in other encyclopedias of world archaeology.

The Editor
Allan S. Gilbert is Professor of Anthropology at Fordham University in the Bronx, New York. He holds a B.A. from Rutgers University, and his M.A., M.Phil., and Ph.D. were earned atColumbia University. His areas of research interest include the Near East (late prehistory and early historic periods) as well as the Middle Atlantic region of the U.S. (historical archaeology). His specializations are in archaeozoology of the Near East and geoarchaeology, especially mineralogy and compositional analysis of pottery and building materials. Publications have covered a range of subjects, including ancient pastoralism, faunal quantification, skeletal microanatomy, brick geochemistry, and two co-edited volumes on the marine geology and geoarchaeology of the Black Sea basin.

Zielgruppe

Professional/practitioner

Autoren/Hrsg.

Gilbert, Allan S

Fachgebiete

• Geowissenschaften Geologie Historische Geologie, Geochronologie
• Geisteswissenschaften Geschichtswissenschaft Alte Geschichte & Archäologie Umweltgeschichte & Umweltarchäologie
• Geisteswissenschaften Geschichtswissenschaft Alte Geschichte & Archäologie Archäologie: Theorie und Methoden
• Geowissenschaften Geologie Umweltgeologie, Geoökologie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

’Ain Ghazal.- Akrotiri Aetokremno, Cyprus.-  Alluvial Settings.-  Amino Acid Racemization.-  Analysis of Carbon, Nitrogen, pH, Phosphorus, and Carbonates as Tools in Geoarchaeological Research.-  Anthrosols.-  40Ar/39Ar and K–Ar Geochronology.-  Archaeological Stratigraphy.-  Archaeomagnetic Dating.-  Archaeomineralogy.-  Archaeoseismology.-  Arctic Geoarchaeology: Site Formation Processes.-  Artifact Conservation.-  Atapuerca.-  Beringia, Geoarchaeology.-  Big Eddy Site, Missouri.-  Blombos Cave.-  Boxgrove.-  Built Environment.-  Burned-Rock Features.-  Cactus Hill, Virginia.-  Caves and Aqueducts in the Ancient World.-  Casper Site, Wyoming.-  Çatalhöyük.-  Cave Settings.-  Ceramics.-  Cerén.-  Chemical Alteration.-  Chronostratigraphy.-  Climatostratigraphy (Climostratigraphy).-  Coastal Settings.-  Colluvial Settings.-  Cosmogenic Isotopic Dating.-  Data Visualization.-  Dendrochronology.-  Dmanisi.-  Dolní Vestonice, Pavlov, Milovice.-  Dumps and Landfill.-  Dust Cave, Alabama.- Eastern Sahara: Combined Prehistoric Expedition.-  El Mirón Cave.-  Electrical Resistivity and Electromagnetism.-  Electron Probe Microanalyzer.-  Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) in Archaeological Context.-  Eolian Settings: Loess.-  Eolian Settings: Sand.-  Ethnogeoarchaeology.-  Experimental Geoarchaeology.-  Field Geochemistry.-  Field Survey.-  Fission Track Dating.-  Fluorine Dating.-  Forensic Geoarchaeology.-  Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).-  Gas Chromatography.-  Geoarchaeology, History.-  Geochemical Sourcing.-  Geographical Information Systems (GIS).-  Geomorphology.-  Geophysics.-  Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov.-  Glacial Settings.-  Glass.-  Grain Size Analysis.-  Great Plains Geoarchaeology.-  Grimaldi Caves.-  Ground-Penetrating Radar.-  Harappa.-  Harbors and Ports, Ancient.-  Harris Matrices and the Stratigraphic Record.-  Haua Fteah.-  Hearths and Combustion Features.-  Hohle Fels.-  House Pits and Grubenhäuser.-  Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS).-  Inundated Freshwater Settings.-  Isernia.-  Isochron Dating.-  Java (Indonesia).-  Kebara Cave.-  Kennewick Man.-  Kostenki, Russia.-  Koster Site, Illinois.-  La Micoque.-  Lake Mungo and Willandra.-  Landscape Archaeology.-  Lead Isotopes.-  Liang Bua.-  Lithics.-  Living Surfaces.-  Loessic Paleolithic, Tajikistan.-  Luminescence Dating of Pottery and Bricks.-  Magnetometry for Archaeology.-  Mass Movement.-  Metals.-  Microstratigraphy.-  Minnesota Messenia Expedition (MME).-  Monte Circeo Caves.-  Monte Verde.-  Mount Carmel.-  Neutron Activation Analysis.-  Niah Cave.-  Olduvai.-  Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) Dating.-  Organic Residues.-  Ötzi, the Tyrolean Iceman.-  Oxygen Iotopes.-  Paleopathology.-  Paleodemography: Methods and Recent Advances.-  Paleodiet.-  Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction.-  Paleomagnetism.-  Paleoshores (Lakes and Sea).-  Paludal Settings (Wetland Archaeology).-  Pastoral Sites.-  Petroglyphs.-  Petrography.-  Pigments.-  Pinnacle Point.-  Pompeii and Herculaneum.-  Poverty Point Site, Louisiana.-  Pre-Clovis Geoarchaeology.-  Privies and Latrines.-  Radiocarbon Dating.-  Raman.-  Remote Sensing in Archaeology.-  Rockshelter Settings.-  Santorini.-  Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).-  Sedimentology.-  Shell Middens.-  Shipwreck Geoarchaeology.-  Site Formation Processes.-  Site Preservation.-  Soil Geomorphology.-  Soil Micromorphology.-  Soil Stratigraphy.-  Soil Survey.-  Soils.-  Soils, Agricultural.-  Southwestern US Geoarchaeology.-  Speleothems.-  Spring Settings.-  Stable Carbon Isotopes in Soils.-  Sterkfontein/Swartkrans/Kromdraai.-  Stonehenge.-  Stratigraphy.-  Strontium Isotopes.-  Submerged Continental Shelf Prehistory.-  Susceptibility.-  Swanscombe.-  Tells.-  Tephrochronology.-  Tombs.-  Trampling.-  Troy.-  Tsunamis.-  ‘Ubeidiya.-  U-Series Dating.-  Volcanoes and People.-  Wells and Reservoirs.-  X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectrometry in Geoarchaeology.-  X-ray Diffraction (XRD).-  York.-  Zhoukoudian.

Über Autor(innen)

About the Editor:

Allan S. Gilbert is Professor of Anthropology at Fordham University in the Bronx, New York.  He holds a B.A. from Rutgers University, and his M.A., M.Phil., and Ph.D. were earned at Columbia University.  His areas of research interest include the Near East (late prehistory and early historic periods) as well as the Middle Atlantic region of the U.S. (historical archaeology).  His specializations are in archaeozoology of the Near East and geoarchaeology, especially mineralogy and compositional analysis of pottery and building materials.  Publications have covered a range of subjects, including ancient pastoralism, faunal quantification, skeletal microanatomy, brick geochemistry, and two co-edited volumes on the marine geology and geoarchaeology of the Black Sea basin.

About the Associate Editors:

Paul Goldberg is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Archaeology, Boston University.  He obtained his B.A. ingeology from the University of Colorado, Boulder, and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in geology from The University of Michigan.  He is currently Professorial Research Professor in the Centre for Archaeological Science at the University of Wollongong, and member of the Center for Archaeological Science at the University of Tübingen.  His research interests focus on the application of micromorphology to the study of landscapes, soils, and site formation processes at archaeological sites.  Most of his research is in the Old World, particularly cave sediments from China, France, Germany, Spain, Israel, and most recently Flores.

Vance T. Holliday is a Professor of Anthropology and Geosciences at the University of Arizona. He has a B.A. in Anthropology (with Honors) from the University of Texas at Austin, an MA in Museum Science (with Soil Science minor) from Texas Tech University, and a PhD in Geological Sciences from the University of Colorado. His research and teaching deals with geoarchaeology, the peopling of the New World, Quaternary geology, and soil geomorphology. Most of his field work has focused on the Great Plains and Southwest of North America, but also includes southwestern Russia. He is Director of the Argonaut Archaeological Research Fund, which is devoted to research on the Paleoindian archaeology and geoarchaeology of the Southwest.

Rolfe D. Mandel is Distinguished Professor of Anthropology at the University of Kansas, and Senior Scientist and Executive Director of the Odyssey Geoarchaeology Research Program at the Kansas Geological Survey in Lawrence, Kansas. He holds a B.A. from the University of Texas at Austin, and an M.A. and Ph.D. from the University of Kansas. From 1999-2004, he served as Editor-in-Chief of Geoarchaeology: An International Journal. His research spans a wide range of topics including geoarchaeology, paleopedology, late-Quaternary landscape evolution, and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. He has spent most ofcareer working with archaeologists in the midcontinent of North America and the eastern Mediterranean, and during the past 15 years he has focused on the use of geoscientific methods to search for the earliest evidence of humans in the Central Great Plains and Midwest.

Robert S. Sternberg is Professor of Geosciences at Franklin & Marshall College, a small liberal arts college in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. He holds a B.S. from Cornell University in engineering physics, and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Arizona in geophysics. His research applies magnetic methods to archaeology: archaeomagnetic secular variation and dating; magnetic prospection, and magnetic properties of obsidian. He has been associated for many years with the Society for Archaeological Sciences, currently as the General Secretary.