The Vestibular System

A Sixth Sense
Erscheinungsjahr 2012
ISBN: 978-0-19-516708-5
Verlag: Oxford University Press

Buch, Englisch, 560 Seiten, Format (B × H): 183 mm x 260 mm, Gewicht: 1228 g

In The Vestibular System: A Sixth Sense, leading experts present an integrative, comprehensive and innovative look at the sense that Aristotle missed. The vestibular system plays a vital role in everyday life, contributing to a surprising range of functions from reflexes to the highest levels of perception and consciousness. This text not only offers a thorough and fresh review of the basicssensory transduction, the neurophysiology of peripheral and central pathwaysand how
vestibular signals are processed in the control of gaze and posture; it significantly moves the discussion forward with its attention to the current research and the field's revolutionary advances, such as the understanding of neural correlates of self-motion and the basis of clinical disorders. In addition,
the objective presentation of existing controversies is exciting reading and an extremely important contribution to the text's completeness. Dynamic, intellectually challenging, and unique in its level of integration of the material, this book is essential for anyone interested in understanding the vestibular system.

Zielgruppe

Graduate students and postdoctoral fellows interested in studying vestibular function. Vestibular scientists interested in reviewing aspects of the field outside of the immediate focus of their research. Neuroscientists, sensory neurobiologists, neurologists, and other clinicians interested in postural control, motion sickness and nausea, and eye movements.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Goldberg, Jay M.

Wilson, Victor J.

Cullen, Kathleen E.

Angelaki, Dora E.

Broussard, Dianne M.

Buttner-Ennever, Jean

Fukushima, Kikuro

Minor, Lloyd B.

Fachgebiete

• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Klinische und Innere Medizin Neurologie, Klinische Neurowissenschaft
• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Biowissenschaften Neurobiologie, Verhaltensbiologie
• Interdisziplinäres Wissenschaften Wissenschaften Interdisziplinär Neurowissenschaften, Kognitionswissenschaft

Inhaltsverzeichnis

I. Introduction
Chapter 1- The Vestibular System in Everyday Life
1.1 Overview of the vestibular system

1.2 Visual acuity and the vestibulo-ocular reflex
1.3 Air-righting reflex in the cat
1.4 Post-rotational reactions
1.5 Positional alcohol nystagmus (PAN)

1.6 Motion sickness
1.7 Vection illusions

1.8 The subjective visual vertical
1.9 Adaptive plasticity
1.10 Path finding and spatial orientation
1.11 Postural control

1.12 Summary

1.13 Selected readings

II. Peripheral Vestibular System
Chapter 2 - Structure of the Vestibular Labyrinth
2.1 Gross and microscopic anatomy
2.2 Fine structure of the sensory regions
Hair cells
Supporting cells
Transitional regions
2.3 Regional variations in cellular architecture and afferent innervation
Cristae ampullares
Utricular macula
Saccular macula
2.4 Efferent innervation
2.5 Summary
2.6 Selected readings

Chapter 3- Hair Cell Transduction
3.1 Mechanoelectric transduction
3.2 Basolateral currents
3.3 Neurotransmitter release and presynaptic calcium channels
Calcium channels
Neurotransmitter release.
3.4 Postsynaptic mechanisms
3.5 Synaptic transmission involving type I hair cells
3.6 Spike encoding
3.7 Efferent neurotransmission
3.8 Summary
3.9 Selected readings

Chapter 4- Physiology of the Vestibular Organs
4.1 General features of the vestibular organs
Vestibular organs are inertial sensors
Resting discharge
Discharge regularity
Information transmission
4.2 Semicircular canals

Directional properties
Macromechanics and the torsion-pendulum model
Interspecies variations and canal dimensions
Afferent response dynamics
Variations in gain and phase
Afferent morphology and physiology
Dynamic range of afferent discharge
4.3 Otolith organs
Directional properties
Macromechanics and the otoconial membrane
Afferent response dynamics
Dynamic range of afferent discharge
Variations in gain and phase
Afferent morphology and physiology
4.4 Summary
4.5 Selected readings

Chapter 5- The Efferent Vestibular System
5.1 Comparative anatomy of central efferent pathways
5.2 Responses of afferents to electrical stimulation of EVS
Mammals.
Non-mammals
5.3 Responses of efferents to natural stimulation
5.4 Efferent-mediated responses of afferents
5.5 Possible functions of efferents in mammals
5.6 Summary

III. Central Vestibular System
Chapter 6 - Neuroanatomy of Central Vestibular Pathways
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The vestibular nuclei: subdivisions and anatomical organization
Medial vestibular nucleus (MVN)
Lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN)
Superior vestibular nucleus (SVN)
Descending vestibular nucleus (DVN)
y group
Interstitial nucleus of the vestibular nerve (INT8)
Associated cell groups (z, x, f, l,m)
Projection and intrinsic neurons
Connections with the ipsilateral vestibular nerve
Commissural pathways
6.3 Vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic systems
Semicircular canal projections to oculomotor neurons
Otolith projections to oculomotor neurons
Nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (NPH)
Interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC)
Reticular formation
Optokinetic pathways
6.4 Vestibulospinal systems
Medial vestibulospinal tract (MVST)
Lateral vestibulospinal tract (LVST)
Vestibulo-ocular cervical pathways (VOC)
Other vestibulospinal tracts
Spinal projections to the vestibular nuclei
6.5 Vestibulocerebellar relations
Basic circuitry
Vestibular projections to the cerebellum
Prepositus nucleus
Projections from the deep cerebellar nuclei to the vestibular nuclei
Projections from the cerebellar cortex to the vestibular nuclei
Cerebellar cortical modules
Lateral reticular nucleus
Vestibulo-paramedian tract projections
6.6 Vestibulo-autonomic connections
6.7 Vestibular connections with the neocortex
6.8 Pathways involving the hippocampal formation
6.9 Summary
6.10 Selected readings
6.11 List of abbreviations

Chapter 7 -Synaptic Mechanisms in the Vestibular Nuclei
7.1 Historical perspective
7.2 Bas

Über Autor(innen)

Jay M. Goldberg, The Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Chicago, Victor J. Wilson, Department of Physiology, Rockefeller University,

Kathleen E. Cullen, Department of Physiology, McGill University,

Dora E. Angelaki, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine,

Dianne M. Broussard, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Toronto Western Hospital, Jean Buttner-Ennever, Institute of Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich,

Kikuro Fukushima, Department of Physilology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine,

Lloyd B. Minor, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine