Soil Microenvironment for Bioremediation and Polymer Production

1. Auflage 2020
ISBN: 978-1-119-59205-1
Verlag: Wiley

Buch, Englisch, 432 Seiten, Format (B × H): 178 mm x 254 mm, Gewicht: 943 g

Describes harmful elements and their bioremediation techniques for tannery waste, oil spills, wastewater, greenhouse gases, plastic and other wastes.

Microenvironmental conditions in soil provide a natural niche for ultra-structures, microbes and microenvironments. The natural biodiversity of these microenvironments is being disturbed by industrialization and the proliferation of urban centers, and synthetic contaminants found in these micro-places are causing stress and instability in the biochemical systems of microbes. The development of new metabolic pathways from intrinsic metabolic cycles facilitate microbial degradation of diverse resistant synthetic compounds present in soil. These are a vital, competent and cost-effective substitute to conventional treatments. Highly developed techniques for bioremediation of these synthetic compounds are increasing and these techniques facilitate the development of a safe environment using renewable biomaterial for removal of toxic heavy metals and xenobiotics.

Soil Microenvironment for Bioremediation and Polymer Production consists of 21 chapters by subject matter experts and is divided into four parts: Soil Microenvironment and Biotransformation Mechanisms; Synergistic Effects between Substrates and Microbes; Polyhydroxyalakanoates: Resources, Demands and Sustainability; and Cellulose-Based Biomaterials.

This timely and important book highlights
- Chapters on classical bioremediation approaches and advances in the use of nanoparticles for removal of radioactive waste
- Discusses the production of applied emerging biopolymers using diverse microorganisms
- Provides the most innovative practices in the field of bioremediation
- Explores new techniques that will help to improve biopolymer production from bacteria
- Provides novel concepts for the most affordable and economic societal benefits.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Jamil, Nazia

Kumar, Prasun

Batool, Rida

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preface xvii

Part 1: Soil Microenvironment and Biotransformation Mechanisms 1

1 Applications of Microorganisms in Agriculture for Nutrients Availability 3
Fehmida Fasim and Bushra Uziar

1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Biofertilizers 4
1.3 Rhizosphere 5
1.4 Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria 5
1.5 Microbial Mechanisms of Phosphate Solubilization 9
1.6 Bacterial and Fungi Coinoculation 11
1.7 Conclusion 11

2 Native Soil Bacteria: Potential Agent for Bioremediation 17
Ranjan Kumar Mohapatra, Haragobinda Srichandan, Snehasish Mishra and Pankaj Kumar Parhi

2.1 Introduction 17
2.2 Current Soil Pollution Scenario 19
2.3 Effects of Soil Pollution 26
2.4 Diversity of Soil Bacteria from Contaminated Sites 27
2.5 Bioremediation of Toxic Pollutants 27
2.6 Bioremediation Mechanisms 27
2.7 Factors Affecting Bioremediation/Biosorption Process 29
2.8 Microbial Bioremediation Approaches 30
2.9 Conclusion and Future Prospective 30

3 Bacterial Mediated Remediation: A Strategy to Combat Pesticide Residues In Agricultural Soil 35
Atia Iqbal

3.1 Introduction 35
3.2 Effects of Pesticides 36
3.3 Pesticide Degradation 37
3.4 Bacterial Mediated Biodegradation of Various Pesticides 38
3.5 Conclusion 42

4 Study of Plant Microbial Interaction in Formation of Cheese Production: A Vegan's Delight 55
Sundaresan Bhavaniramya, Ramar Vanajothi, Selvaraju Vishnupriya and Dharmar Baskaran

4.1 Introduction 55
4.2 Cheese Concern – Vegan's Delight 57
4.3 Microorganism Interaction Pattern 57
4.4 Types of Microorganism Involved in Cheese Production 57
4.5 Lactic Acid Role in Fermentation 59
4.6 Microorganism Involved in Lactic Acid Fermentation 59
4.7 Streptococcus 60
4.8 Propionibacterium 60
4.9 Leuconostoc 60
4.10 Microorganisms in Flavor Development 61
4.11 Flavor Production 63
4.12 Enzymes Interaction during Ripening of Cheese 63
4.13 Pathways Involved in Cheese Ripening 64
4.14 Microbes of Interest in Flavor Formation 66
4.15 Structure of Flavored Compound in Cheese 67
4.16 Plant-Based Cheese Analogues 67
4.17 Plant-Based Proteins 68
4.18 Aspartic Protease 69
4.19 Cysteine Protease 69
4.20 Plant-Based Milk Alternatives 69
4.21 Types of Vegan Cheese 70
4.22 Future Scope and Conclusion 71

5 Microbial Remediation of Pesticide Polluted Soils 75
César Quintela and Cristiano Varrone

5.1 Introduction 75
5.2 Types of Pesticides 77
5.3 Fate of Pesticides in the Environment 81
5.4 Screening for Pesticide Degrading Microorganisms 85
5.5 Designing Pesticide Degrading Consortia 87
5.6 Challenges to be Addressed and Future Perspectives 88

6 Eco-Friendly and Economical Method for Detoxification of Pesticides by Microbes 95
Anjani Kumar Upadhyay, Abhik Mojumdar, Vishakha Raina and Lopamudra Ray

6.1 Introduction 95
6.2 Classification of Pesticides 96
6.3 Fate of Pesticide in Soil 96
6.4 Microbial and Phytoremediation of Pesticides 99
6.5 Effects on Human and Environment 106
6.6 Advancement in Pesticide Bioremediation 107
6.7 Limitations of Bioremediation 107
6.8 Future Perspectives 108

Part 2: Synergistic Effects Between Substrates and Microbes 115

7 Bioleaching: A Bioremediation Process to Treat Hazardous Wastes 117
Haragobinda Srichandan, Ranjan K. Mohapatra, Pankaj K. Parhi and Snehasish Mishra

7.1 Introduction 117
7.2 Microbes in Bioleaching 118
7.3 Acidophilic Bioleaching 119
7.4 Metal Removal Pathways 120
7.5 Fungal Bioleaching 122
7.6 Various Hazardous Wastes 122
7.7 Applications of Bioleaching Approach to Various Hazardous Wastes 123
7.8 Conclusion 126

8 Microbial Bioremediation of Azo Dyes in Textile Industry Effluent: A Review on Bioreactor-Based Studies 131
Shweta Agrawal, Devayani Tipre and Shailesh Dave

8.1 Introduction 131
8.2 Microorganism Involved in Dye Bioremediation 132
8.3 Mechanism of Dye Biodegradation 139
8.4 Reactor Design for Dye Bioremediation 141
8.5 Limitations and Future Prospects 163
8.6 Conclusions 163

9 Antibiofilm Property of Biosurfactant Produced by Nesterenkonia sp. MCCB 225 Against Shrimp Pathogen, Vibrio harveyi 173
Gopalakrishnan Menon, Issac Sarojini Bright Singh, Prasannan Geetha Preena and Sumitra Datta

9.1 Introduction 173
9.2 Materials and Methods 174
9.3 Results and Discussion 175
9.4 Conclusion 178

10 Role of Cr (VI) Resistant Bacillus megaterium in Phytoremediation 181
Rabia Faryad Khan and Rida Batool

10.1 Introduction 181
10.2 Materials and Methods 183
10.3 Results 185
10.4 Discussion 191
10.5 Conclusion 193

11 Conjugate Magnetic Nanoparticles and Microbial Remediation, a Genuine Technology to Remediate Radioactive Waste 197
Bushra Uzair, Anum Shaukat, Fehmida Fasim, Sadaf Maqbool

11.1 Introduction 197
11.2 Use of Magnetic Nanoparticles Conjugates 199
11.3 Microbial Communities 203
11.4 Conclusion 207

Part 3: Polyhydroxyalakanoates: Resources, Demands and Sustainability 213

12 Microbial Degradation of Plastics: New Plastic Degraders, Mixed Cultures and Engineering Strategies 215
Samantha Jenkins, Alba Martínez i Quer, César Fonseca and Cristiano Varrone

12.1 Introduction 215
12.2 Plastics 216
12.3 Plastic Disposal, Reuse and Recycling 218
12.4 Plastic Biodegradation 219
12.5 Analytical Techniques to Study Plastic Degradation 230
12.6 Future Perspectives 232

13 Fatty acids as Novel Building-Blocks for Biomaterial Synthesis 239
Prasun Kumar

13.1 Introduction 239
13.2 Polyurethane (PUs) 241
13.3 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) 243
13.4 Other Functional Attributes 246
13.5 Future Perspectives 249

14 Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Resources, Demands and Sustainability 253
Binita Bhattacharyya, Himadri Tanaya Behera, Abhik Mojumdar, Vishakha Raina and Lopamudra Ray

14.1 Introduction 253
14.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoates 255
14.3 Applications of PHA 266
14.4 Future Prospects 267

15 Polyhydroxyalkanoates Synthesis by Bacillus aryabhattai C48 Isolated from Cassava Dumpsites in South-Western, Nigeria 271
Fadipe Temitope O., Nazia Jamil and Lawal Adekunle K.

15.1 Introduction 271
15.2 Materials and Methods 272
15.3 Results and Discussion 274
15.4 Conclusion 280

Part 4: Cellulose-Based Biomaterials: Benefits and Challenges 283

16 Cellulose Nanocrystals-Based Composites 285
Teboho Clement Mokhena, Maya Jacob John, Mokgaotsa Jonas Mochane, Asanda Mtibe, Teboho Simon Motsoeneng, Thabang Hendrica Mokhothu and Cyrus Alushavhiwi Tshifularo

16.1 Introduction 285
16.2 Classification of Polymers 286
16.3 Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals Composites 286
16.4 Cellulose Nanocrystals Reinforced Biopolymers 294
16.5 Hybrids 298
16.6 Conclusion and Future Trends 300

17 Progress on Production of Cellulose from Bacteria 307
Tladi Gideon Mofokeng, Mokgaotsa Jonas Mochane, Vincent Ojijo, Suprakas Sinha Ray and Teboho Clement Mokhena

17.1 Introduction 307
17.2 Production of Microbial Cellulose (MC) 308
17.3 Applications of Microbial Cellulose (MC) 312

18 Recent Developments of Cellulose-Based Biomaterials 319
Asanda Mtibe, Teboho Clement Mokhena, Thabang Hendrica Mokhothu and Mokgaotsa Jonas Mochane

18.1 Introduction 319
18.2 Extraction of Cellulose Fibers 320
18.3 Nanocellulose 324
18.4 Surface Modification 327
18.5 Cellulose-Based Biomaterials 329
18.6 Summary and Future Prospect of Cellulose-Based Biomaterials 333

19 Insights of Bacterial Cellulose: Bio and Nano-Polymer Composites Towards Industrial Application 339
Vishnupriya Selvaraju, Bhavaniramya Sundaresan, Baskaran Dharmar

19.1 Introduction 339
19.2 Bacterial Cellulose 343
19.3 Nanocomposites 346
19.4 Methods of Synthesis of Bacterial Cellulose Composites 347
19.5 Combination of Bacterial Cellulose with Other Materials 349
19.6 Industrial Applications of Bacterial Cellulose Composites 350
19.7 Future Scope and Conclusion 352

20 Biodegradable Polymers Reinforced with Lignin and Lignocellulosic Materials 357
M.A. Sibeko, V.C. Agbakoba, T.C. Mokhena, P.S. Hlangothi

20.1 Introduction 357
20.2 Biodegradable Polymers 358
20.3 Biodegradable Fillers 362
20.4 Properties of Different Biopolymers Reinforced with Lignin 365
20.5 Applications of Bio-Nanocomposites 369

21 Structure and Properties of Lignin-Based Biopolymers in Polymer Production 375
Teboho Simon Motsoeneng, Mokgaotsa Jonas Mochane, Teboho Clement Mokhena and Maya Jacob John

21.1 Introduction 375
21.2 An Insight on the Biopolymers 376
21.3 Extraction and Post-Treatment of Lignin Biomaterial 378
21.4 Characterization Methods and Validation of Lignin-Biopolymers 386
21.5 Indispensability of LBB on the Chemical Release Control in the Environment 388
21.6 Conclusion and Future Remarks 388

References 389
Index 393

Über Autor(innen)

Nazia Jamil holds a PhD in genetics from the University of Karachi, Pakistan. Her research as a microbiologist and geneticist centers on investigating the synthesis of biodegradable plastic by indigenous bacteria from renewable sources. She has international and national funded projects from IFS-Sweden and HEC Pakistan to carry out research on biopolymers and antimicrobial compounds. She has authored 60 national and international research papers in peer-reviewed journals.

Prasun Kumar is an applied microbiologist and biotechnologist and his main areas of research are microbial biodiversity, bioenergy, and biopolymers. Dr. Prasun holds a PhD in biotechnology from CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India. He has over seven years of experience in applied microbiological research and bioprocessing including over 2 years of post-doctoral research experience at Chungbuk National University, Republic of Korea. He made significant contributions while working on valorising lignocellulosic biowastes of cheap raw materials into value-added products including bioenergy, biopolymers, polyhydroxyalkanoates etc. He has more than 27 articles published in various peer-reviewed SCI journals and has authored 1 book.

Rida Batool PhD is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics at University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. Her main research interests are in environmental microbiology/biotechnology with a focus on metal-microbe interaction, wastewater treatment, biosorption and mechanisms of metal resistance. Other aspects of her research involve the isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds of indigenous plant and bacterial origin. She has authored more than 20 national and international journal articles.