Development, Democracy, and Welfare States

Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe
Erscheinungsjahr 2008
ISBN: 978-0-691-13596-0
Verlag: Princeton University Press

Buch, Englisch, 502 Seiten, Format (B × H): 156 mm x 234 mm, Gewicht: 843 g

This is the first book to compare the distinctive welfare states of Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe. Stephan Haggard and Robert Kaufman trace the historical origins of social policy in these regions to crucial political changes in the mid-twentieth century, and show how the legacies of these early choices are influencing welfare reform following democratization and globalization. After World War II, communist regimes in Eastern Europe adopted wide-ranging socialist entitlements while conservative dictatorships in East Asia sharply limited social security but invested in education. In Latin America, where welfare systems were instituted earlier, unequal social-security systems favored formal sector workers and the middle class. Haggard and Kaufman compare the different welfare paths of the countries in these regions following democratization and the move toward more open economies. Although these transformations generated pressure to reform existing welfare systems, economic performance and welfare legacies exerted a more profound influence. The authors show how exclusionary welfare systems and economic crisis in Latin America created incentives to adopt liberal social-policy reforms, while social entitlements from the communist era limited the scope of liberal reforms in the new democracies of Eastern Europe. In East Asia, high growth and permissive fiscal conditions provided opportunities to broaden social entitlements in the new democracies. This book highlights the importance of placing the contemporary effects of democratization and globalization into a broader historical context.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Kaufman, Robert R.

Haggard, Stephan

Fachgebiete

• Sozialwissenschaften Soziologie | Soziale Arbeit Soziale Arbeit/Sozialpädagogik Soziale Dienste, Soziale Organisationen
• Sozialwissenschaften Politikwissenschaft Politische Systeme Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft
• Wirtschaftswissenschaften Volkswirtschaftslehre Gesundheitsökonomie
• Wirtschaftswissenschaften Volkswirtschaftslehre Wohlfahrtsökonomie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

List of Figures xi

List of Tables xiii

Preface and Acknowledgments xvii

Abbreviations xxiii

INTRODUCTION: Toward a Political Economy of Social Policy 1

PART ONE: The Historical Origins of Welfare Systems, 1945-80 25

CHAPTER ONE: Social Policy in Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe, 1945-80: An Overview 27

CHAPTER TWO: The Expansion of Welfare Commitments in Latin America, 1945-80 79

CHAPTER THREE: The Evolution of Social Contracts in East Asia, 1950-80 114

CHAPTER FOUR: Building the Socialist Welfare State: The Expansion of Welfare Commitments in Eastern Europe 143

PART TWO: Democratization, Economic Crisis, and Welfare Reform, 1980-2005 179

CHAPTER FIVE: The Political Economy of Welfare Reform 181

CHAPTER SIX: Democracy, Growth, and the Evolution of Social Contracts in East Asia, 1980-2005 221

CHAPTER SEVEN: Democracy, Economic Crisis, and Social Policy in Latin America, 1980-2005 262

CHAPTER EIGHT: The Legacy of the Socialist Welfare State, 1990-2005 305

CONCLUSION: Latin America, East Asia, Eastern Europe, and the Theory of the Welfare State 346

APPENDIX ONE: Cross-National Empirical Studies of the Effects of Democracy on Social Policy and Social Outcomes 365

APPENDIX TWO: Fiscal Federalism and Social Spending in Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe 370

APPENDIX THREE: A Cross-Section Model of Social Policy and Outcomes in Middle-Income Countries, 1973-80 372

APPENDIX FOUR: Regime-Coding Rules 379

APPENDIX FIVE: A Cross-Section, Time-Series Model of Social Spending in Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe, 1980-2000 382

APPENDIX SIX: Social Security, Health, and Education Expenditure in East Asia, Latin America, and Eastern Europe, 1980-2005 387

References 399

Index 449

Über Autor(innen)

Stephan Haggard is the Lawrence and Sallye Krause Professor of Korea-Pacific Studies at the University of California, San Diego. Robert R. Kaufman is professor of political science at Rutgers University.