Buch, Englisch, 608 Seiten, Format (B × H): 161 mm x 241 mm, Gewicht: 941 g
ISBN: 978-1-118-12756-8
Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
A hands-on, integrated approach to solving combustion problems in diverse areas
An understanding of turbulence, combustion, and multiphase reacting flows is essential for engineers and scientists in many industries, including power generation, jet and rocket propulsion, pollution control, fire prevention and safety, and material processing. This book offers a highly practical discussion of burning behavior and chemical processes occurring in diverse materials, arming readers with the tools they need to solve the most complex combustion problems facing the scientific community today. The second of a two-volume work, Applications of Turbulent and Multiphase Combustion expands on topics involving laminar flames from Professor Kuo's bestselling book Principles of Combustion, Second Edition, then builds upon the theory discussed in the companion volume Fundamentals of Turbulent and Multiphase Combustion to address in detail cutting-edge experimental techniques and applications not covered anywhere else.
Special features of this book include:
- Coverage of advanced applications such as solid propellants, burning behavior, and chemical boundary layer flows
- A multiphase systems approach discussing basic concepts before moving to higher-level applications
- A large number of practical examples gleaned from the authors' experience along with problems and a solutions manual
Engineers and researchers in chemical and mechanical engineering and materials science will find Applications of Turbulent and Multiphase Combustion an indispensable guide for upgrading their skills and keeping up with this rapidly evolving area. It is also an excellent resource for students and professionals in mechanical, chemical, and aerospace engineering.
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Weitere Infos & Material
Preface xvii
1 Solid Propellants and Their Combustion Characteristics 1
1.1 Background of Solid Propellant Combustion 4
1.1.1 Definition of Solid Propellants 4
1.1.2 Desirable Characteristics of Solid Propellants 4
1.1.3 Calculation of Oxygen Balance 5
1.1.4 Homogeneous Propellants 6
1.1.4.1 Decomposition Characteristics of NC 6
1.1.5 Heterogeneous Propellants (or Composite Propellants) 7
1.1.6 Major Types of Ingredients in Solid Propellants 8
1.1.6.1 Description of Oxidizer Ingredients 10
1.1.6.2 Description of Fuel Binders 12
1.1.6.3 Curing and Cross-Linking Agents 14
1.1.6.4 Aging 15
1.1.7 Applications of Solid Propellants 16
1.1.7.1 Hazard Classifications of Solid Propellants 16
1.1.8 Material Characterization of Propellants 16
1.1.8.1 Propellant Density Calculation 16
1.1.8.2 Propellant Mass Fraction ? 17
1.1.8.3 Viscoelastic Behavior of Solid Propellants 17
1.1.9 Thermal Profile in a Burning Solid Propellant 18
1.1.9.1 Surface and Subsurface Temperature Measurements of Solid Propellants 18
1.1.9.2 Interfacial Energy Flux Balance at the Solid Propellant Surface 20
1.1.9.3 Energy Equation for the Gas Phase 21
1.1.9.4 Burning Rate of Solid Propellants 23
1.1.9.5 Temperature Sensitivity of Burning Rate 25
1.1.9.6 Measurement of Propellant Burning Rate by Using a Strand Burner 26
1.1.9.7 Measurement of Propellant Burning Rate by Using a Small-Scale Motor 37
1.1.9.8 Burning Rate Temperature Sensitivity of Neat Ingredients 41
1.2 Solid-Propellant Rocket and Gun Performance Parameters 43
1.2.1 Performance Parameters of a Solid Rocket Motor 44
1.2.1.1 Thrust of a Solid Rocket Motor 44
1.2.1.2 Specific Impulse of a Solid Rocket Motor 48
1.2.1.3 Density-Specific Impulse 56
1.2.1.4 Effective Vacuum Exhaust Velocity 58
1.2.1.5 Characteristic Velocity C * 58
1.2.1.6 Pressure Sensitivity of Burning Rate 59
1.2.1.7 Thrust Coefficient Efficiency 60
1.2.1.8 Effect of Pressure Exponent on Stable/Unstable Burning in Solid Rocket Motor 60
1.2.2 Performance Parameters of Solid-Propellant Gun Systems 61
1.2.2.1 Energy Balance Equation 64
1.2.2.2 Efficiencies of Gun Propulsion Systems 67
1.2.2.3 Heat of Explosion (?Hex o) 69
1.2.2.4 Relative Quickness, Relative Force, and Deviations in Muzzle Velocity 70
1.2.2.5 Dynamic Vivacity 71
2 Thermal Decomposition and Combustion of Nitramines 72
2.1 Thermophysical Properties of Selected Nitramines 76
2.2 Polymorphic Forms of Nitramines 78
2.2.1 Polymorphic Forms of HMX 80
2.2.2 Polymorphic Forms of RDX 82
2.3 Thermal Decomposition of RDX 88
2.3.1 Explanation of Opposite Trends on a- and ß-RDX Decomposition with Increasing Pressure 90
2.3.2 Thermal Decomposition Mechanisms of RDX 92
2.3.2.1 Homolytic N–N Bond Cleavage 92
2.3.2.2 Concerted Ring Opening Mechanism of Rdx 94
2.3.2.3 Successive HONO Elimination Mechanism of RDX 96
2.3.2.4 Analysis of Three Decomposition Mechanisms 104
2.3.3 Formation of Foam Layer Near RDX Burning Surface 106
2.4 Gas-Phase Reactions of RDX 109
2.4.1 Development of Gas-Phase Reaction Mechanism for RDX Combustion 111
2.5 Modeling of RDX Monopropellant Combustion with Surface Reactions 125
2.5.1 Processes in Foam-Layer Region 126
2.5.2 Reactions Considered in the Foam Layer 128
2.5.3 Evaporation and Condensation Consideration for Rdx 128
2.5.4 Boundary Conditions 130
2.5.5 Numerical Methods Used for RDX Combustion Model with Foam Layer 131
2.5.6 Predicted Flame Structure 132
3 Burning Behavior of Homogeneous Solid Propellants 143
3.1 Common Ingredients in Homogeneous Propellants 147
3.2 Combustion Wave Structure of a Double-Base Propellant 148
3.3 Burning Rate Behavior of a Double-Base Propellant 149
3.4 Burning Rate Behavior of Catalyzed Nitrate-Ester Propellants 155
3.5 Thermal Wave Structure and Pyrolysis Law of Homogeneous Propellants 158
3.5.1 Dark Zone Residence Time Correlation 166
3.6 Modeling and Prediction of Homogeneous Propellant Combustion Behavior 167
3.6.1 Multi-Ingredient Model of Miller and Anderson 171
3.6.1.1 NC: A Special Case Ingredient 172
3.6.1.2 Comparison of Calculated Propellant Burning Rates with the Experimental Data 175
3.7 Transient Burning Characterization of Homogeneous Solid Propellant 187
3.7.1 What is Dynamic Burning? 188
3.7.2 Theoretical Models for Dynamic Burning 190
3.7.2.1 dp/dt Approach 193
3.7.2.2 Flame Description Approach 194
3.7.2.3 Zel’dovich Approach 194
3.7.2.4 Characterization of Dynamic Burning of JA2 Propellant Using the Zel’dovich Approach 196
3.7.2.5 Experimental Measurement of Dynamic Burning Rate of JA2 Propellant 201
3.7.2.6 Novozhilov Stability Parameters 202
3.7.2.7 Novozhilov Stability Parameters for JA 2 Propellant 203
3.7.2.8 Some Problems Associated with Dynamic Burning Characterization 205
3.7.2.9 Factors Influencing Dynamic Burning 207
Chapter Problems 208
4 Chemically Reacting Boundary-Layer Flows 209
4.1 Introduction 210
4.1.1 Applications of Reacting Boundary-Layer Flows 211
4.1.2 High-Temperature Experimental Facilities Used in Investigation 211
4.1.3 Theoretical Approaches and Boundary-Layer Flow Classifications 212
4.1.4 Historical Survey 212
4.2 Governing Equations for Two-Dimensional Reacting Boundary-Layer Flows 216
4.3 Boundary Conditions 221
4.4 Chemical Kinetics 224
4.4.1 Homogeneous Chemical Reactions 224
4.4.2 Heterogeneous Chemical Reactions 226
4.5 Laminar Boundary-Layer Flows with Surface Reactions 229
4.5.1 Governing Equations and Boundary Conditions 229
