Spacecraft Interactions with Space Plasmas
Buch, Englisch, 272 Seiten, Format (B × H): 187 mm x 268 mm, Gewicht: 737 g
ISBN: 978-0-691-12947-1
Verlag: Princeton University Press
As commercial and military spacecraft become more important to the world's economy and defense, and as new scientific and exploratory missions are launched into space, the need for a single comprehensive resource on spacecraft charging becomes increasingly critical. Fundamentals of Spacecraft Charging is the first and only textbook to bring together all the necessary concepts and equations for a complete understanding of the subject. Written by one of the field's leading authorities, this essential reference enables readers to fully grasp the newest ideas and underlying physical mechanisms related to the electrostatic charging of spacecraft in the space environment.Assuming that readers may have little or no background in this area, this complete textbook covers all aspects of the field. The coverage is detailed and thorough, and topics range from secondary and backscattered electrons, spacecraft charging in Maxwellian plasmas, effective mitigation techniques, and potential wells and barriers to operational anomalies, meteors, and neutral gas release. Significant equations are derived from first principles, and abundant examples, exercises, figures, illustrations, and tables are furnished to facilitate comprehension. Fundamentals of Spacecraft Charging is the definitive reference on the physics of spacecraft charging and is suitable for advanced undergraduates, graduate-level students, and professional space researchers.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
Weitere Infos & Material
Preface xi
Prologue: The Earth's Space Plasma Environment
P.1 The Solar Wind xiii
P.2 The Magnetosphere xiii
P.3 Geomagnetic Substorms xiii
P.4 Plasma Density xv
P.5 The Ionosphere xvi
P.6 The Auroral Region xvi
P.7 The Radiation Belts xviii
P.8 Relevance of the Space Plasma Environment to Spacecraft Charging xviii
P.9 References xx
Chapter 1: Introduction to Spacecraft Charging
1.1 What Is Spacecraft Charging? 1
1.2 What Are Some Effects of Spacecraft Charging? 2
1.3 How Does Spacecraft Charging Occur? 4
1.4 Capacitance Charging 5
1.5 Other Currents 6
1.6 Where Does Spacecraft Charging Occur? 6
1.7 Exercises 9
1.8 References 10
Chapter 2: The Spacecraft as a Langmuir Probe 2.1 Orbit-Limited Attraction 11
2.2 Current Collection in Spherical Geometry 12
2.3 Current Collection in Cylindrical Geometry 13
2.4 Current Collection in Plane Geometry 13
2.5 Remarks 14
2.6 Boltzmann's Repulsion Factor 14
2.7 Child-Langmuir Saturation Current 15
2.8 Exercises 16
2.9 References 17
Chapter 3: Secondary and Backscattered Electrons 3.1 Secondary Electron Emission 18
3.2 Backscattered Electrons 20
3.3 Total Contribution of Electron Emissions 20
3.4 Remarks 22
3.5 Dependence on Incident Angle 22
3.6 Remarks on Empirical Formulae 23
3.7 Exercises 23
3.8 References 24
Chapter 4: Spacecraft Charging in a Maxwellian Plasma
4.1 Velocity Distribution 25
4.2 Critical Temperature for the Onset of Spacecraft Charging: Physical Reasoning 26
4.3 Balance of Currents 26
4.4 Charging Level 29
4.5 Equation of Current Balance in the Orbit-Limited Regime 30
4.6 Comparison with Real Satellite Data 31
4.7 Exercises 32
4.8 References 33
Chapter 5: Spacecraft Charging in a Double Maxwellian Plasma
5.1 A General Theorem on Multiple Roots 35
5.2 Double Maxwellian Space Plasma 35
5.3 Triple-Root Situation of Spacecraft Potential 36
5.4 Physical Interpretation of Triple-Root Situation 40
5.5 Triple-Root Jump in Spacecraft Potential 41
5.6 Hysteresis 42
5.7 Triple-Root Spacecraft Charging Domains 42
5.8 Exercises 46
5.9 References 46
Chapter 6: Potential Wells and Barriers
6.1 Introduction 48
6.2 Formation of Potential Wells and Barriers 48
6.3 Effects of Potential Barriers on Electron or Ion Distribution Functions 51
6.4 Interpretation of Experimental Data 51
6.5 Double Maxwellian Distribution Formed by a Potential Barrier 52
6.6 Bootstrap Charging 53
6.7 Charging in Spacecraft Wakes 56
6.8 Exercises 58
6.9 References 58
Chapter 7: Spacecraft Charging in Sunlight
7.1 Photoelectron Current 60
7.2 Surface Reflectance 60
7.3 The Prominent Solar Spectral Line 62
7.4 Can Spacecraft Charging to Negative Voltages Occur in Sunlight? 62
7.5 Spacecraft Charging to Positive Potentials 63
7.6 The Photoemission Current at Negative Spacecraft Potentials 63
7.7 The Monopole-Dipole Potential 65
7.8 Fraction of Photoemission Current Trapped 67
7.9 Competition between Monopole and Dipole 68
7.10 Measurement of Spacecraft Potential in Sunlight 68
7.11 Exercises 69
7.12 References 70
Chapter 8: Space Tethers, Plasma Contactors, and Sheath Ionization
8.1 Lorentz Force 71
8.2 Tether Moving across Ambient Magnetic Field 71
8.3 Bare and Conducting Tether 73
8.4 Floating Potential of Plasma Contactor 75
8.5 Sheath Model 75
8.6 Sheath Ionization 77
8.7 Numerical Method for Sheath Ionization Model 79
8.8 Results of Sheath Ionization 80
8.9 Comparison of Theory with Space Experiment 81
8.10 Exercises 82
8.11 References 82
Chapter 9: Surface Charging Induced by Electron Beam Impact
9.1 Impact Energy of an Electron Beam 84
9.2 Electron Beam Impact on an Initially Uncharged Surface 85
9.3 Electron Impact on an Initially Negatively Charged Surface 85
9.4 Electron Impact on an Initially Positively Charged Surface 87
9.5 Summary 89
9.6 Limitation 89
9.7 Exercises 89
9.8 References 90
