Buch, Englisch, 480 Seiten, Format (B × H): 168 mm x 244 mm
Buch, Englisch, 480 Seiten, Format (B × H): 168 mm x 244 mm
ISBN: 978-0-470-68674-4
Verlag: John Wiley and Sons Ltd
An up-to-date resource for bioscience students focusing on the essentials of human physiology and their importance for biological control systems
Essential Human Physiology for Biosciences is a comprehensive text describing the structure and most important functions of the systems of the human body and the control mechanisms governing cells, organs and systems. Organized by systems across 14 chapters, the book highlights key physiological principles, essential techniques, and the historical contributions of pioneering scientists in the field.
The book explains the mechanism of dysfunctions that can lead to disease and bridges foundational knowledge with applied understanding. It demystifies complex physiological terms and concepts and the applied aspects of physiology necessary for understanding the function of systems.
In this comprehensive new text, readers will find: - Standalone chapters organised by human body system for easy navigation
- Comprehensive explorations of the essentials of each system
- Essential roles of multiple systems in regulating stress, sleep, shock, temperature, acid/base and exercise
- Multiple appendices, including normal physiological values, formulas, and lists of abbreviations
- Accurate discussions of physiology basics that bridge the gap between fundamentals and applied understanding
- Historical bases for the development of physiology
Perfect for students of physiology, pharmacology, biomedical sciences, and biochemistry, Essential Human Physiology for Biosciences will also benefit graduate students in allied health and medicine pre-professional studies.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
Weitere Infos & Material
Preface
Acknowledgements
1. Essential Structure and Fundamental Principles: composition and organisation of the human body; physical principles in understanding function- Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, filtration, osmosis, active transport, endocytosis and exocytosis, pressure, resistance, flow, fluids; Principles of a control system: Structure of a typical control system, receptor, modulator and effectors, positive and negative feedback, integrative control systems and homeostasis.
2. Cellular Structure and Functions: Essential cellular structure, cellular function, cell signalling, hormones, transmitters, second messengers, control of excitability and secretion, genetic control, DNA and RNA; metabolic functions of cells, anabolism, catabolism, enzymes, cellular respiration and ATP, aerobic and anaerobic metabolism
3. Nervous System: Essential central nervous system- brain, spinal cord, cerebrum, diencephalon, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, limbic system, reticular activating system, brainstem, midbrain, pons, medulla, cerebellum; white matter, grey matter, ventricals, cerebrospinal fluid, spinal cord; Peripheral nervous system- spinal nervers, cranial nerves, autonomic nervous system, regulation of movement, autonomic control of the heart and blood vessels, sensory perception (sight, smell, hearing, vision, touch), reflexes, cognition, memory, afferent and efferent pathways, nerve transport (electrical, chemical), resting and action potentials, synapses, some disorders of the nervous system
4. Endocrine System: Essentials of the endocrine system, structure, secretions of endocrine glands (hypothalamus, pituitary gland adrenal, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, pineal, testes, ovaries); Secretions of non-endocrine organs; Hormones, types of hormones, mechanism of action; Functions of the endocrine glands; hypoactive and hyperactive secretions, disorders of the endocrine system.
5. Cardiovascular System: Essential structure, function and control of the cardiovascular system- heart, blood and blood vessels; regulation of the heart beat, cardiac muscle contraction, blood supply to the heart, cardiac output, venous return; regulation of the blood volume (plasma and haematocrit), blood clotting and anticlotting, control of blood vessel diameter (smooth muscle contraction, regulation of the endothelium), control of blood pressure, control of the lymphatic system. Measurement of ECG, heart rate and blood pressure.
6. Respiratory System: Essential structure of the respiratory tract and lungs, lung volumes. Mechanisms of ventilation- different anatomical nervous pathways-regulation of inspiration and expiration, respiratory centres, peripheral and central chemoreceptors. Role of surfactant. Alveolar gas composition and gaseous changes in lungs and tissues. The carriage of gases (CO2 & O2). Lung function tests. Control of respiration (neural, chemical and mechanical). Regulation of acid/base. Respiratory diseases (obstructive and restrictive).
7. Gastro-Intestinal System: Essential structure of gastrointestinal system; changes to food as it travels through the digestive system (mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intesting, large intestine, anus; mechanical and chemical processes during food transport, peristalsis, secretions in the gut, absorption of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins; bile secretion, nervous control of the digestive system (enteric nervous system); nutrition and metabolism of fats, carbohydrates and proteins, disorders of the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT).
8. Skeletal System: Essential structure of skeletal system- axial and appendicular skeleton, tendons, ligaments, types of cartilage, joints, types of joints, detailed structure of the knee joint, types of bones, histology of bone, structure of a long bone, growth of bones, hormonal control of bone function, functions of bones, red blood cell production, disorders of the skeletal system.
9. Muscular System: Essentials of the muscular system- types of muscle, cardiac, smooth and skeletal; Differences between types of muscle, detailed structure of skeletal muscle, types of skeletal muscle fibres, functions of muscle, nervous pathway for motor control, neuro-muscular junction, types of muscle contraction- sliding filament model, energy for muscle contraction, smooth muscle contraction, disorders of muscle.
10. Urinary System: Essential structure and functions of the urinary system. Parts of the nephron, glomerulus, proximal tubule, loop of henle, distal tubule, collecting duct; Processes of the kidney, filtration, secretion, absorption, countercurrent multiplier system, water balance, mineral balance, acid base balance. Formation of urine. Effect of hormones secreted by the kidney, erythropoietin, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone, regulation of blood volume, assessment of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), tests of kidney function, disorders of the urinary system.
11. Integumentary System: Essential structure and functions of the integumentary system- skin, epidermis, dermis, functions of skin, colour of skin, importance of keratinocytes and melanocyte cells, skin as a barrier, sweat glands and sweating, structure of hair, nails, vitamin D production by skin, temperature regulation, disorders of the skin.
12. Immune System: Essentials of the immune system- primary lymphoid organ (bone marrow, Thymus), secondary lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, adenoids, tonsils, lymphoid tissues, spleen). Myeloid progenitor cells, leukocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphoid progenitor cells (Tand B cells), innate response, inflammation, phagocytosis, cytotoxic and helper T cells, MHC, differentiation and presentation of antigens, structure and types of antibodies, complement, vaccinations, disorders of the immune system, autoimmune, Types of hypersensitivity.
13. Reproductive System: Essentials of the reproductive system- male reproductive system, production of testosterone, production of sperms and female reproductive systems- production of eggs, production of oestrogen, menstrual and ovulatory cycles, sexual act, pregnancy, lactation, labour, hormonal control by the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary.
14. Integrated Multisystem Regulation: Essential multisystem regulation of – acid base, shock, temperature, exercise, stress and sleep.
