Buch, Englisch, 240 Seiten, Format (B × H): 140 mm x 216 mm, Gewicht: 344 g
Taxes and Justice
Buch, Englisch, 240 Seiten, Format (B × H): 140 mm x 216 mm, Gewicht: 344 g
ISBN: 978-0-19-517656-8
Verlag: Oxford University Press
In a capitalist economy, taxes are the most important instrument by which the political system puts into practice a conception of economic and distributive justice. Taxes arouse strong passions, fueled not only by conflicts of economic self-interest, but by conflicting ideas of fairness. Taking as a guiding principle the conventional nature of private property, Murphy and Nagel show how taxes can only be evaluated as part of the overall system of property rights that they help to create. Justice or injustice in taxation, they argue, can only mean justice or injustice in the system of property rights and entitlements that result from a particular regime. Taking up ethical issues about individual liberty, interpersonal obligation, and both collective and personal responsibility, Murphy and Nagel force us to reconsider how our tax policy shapes our system of property rights.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
Weitere Infos & Material
- Chapter 1. Introduction
- Chapter 2. Traditional Criteria of Tax Equity
- 1: Political Morality in Tax Policy: Fairness
- 2: Vertical Equity: The Distribution of Tax Burdens
- 3: The Benefit Principle
- 4: Ability to Pay: Endowment
- 5: Ability to Pay: Equal Sacrifice
- 6: Ability to Pay as an Egalitarian Idea
- 7: The Problem of Everday Libertarianism
- 8: Horizontal Equity
- Chapter 3. Economic Justice ni Political Theory
- 1: Political Legitimacy
- 2: Consequentialism and Deontology
- 3: Public Goods
- 4: Benefits for Individuals
- 5: Efficiency and Utilitarianism
- 6: Distributive Justice, Fairness, and Priority to the Worst Off
- 7: Equality of Oppotunity
- 8: Legitamite Means and Individual Responsibility
- 9: Rewards and Punishments
- 10: Liberty and Libertarianism
- 11: The Moral Significance of the Market
- 12: Personal Motives and Political Values: The Moral Division of Labor
- 13: Conclusion
- Chapter 4. Redistribution and Public Provision
- 1: Efficiency and Judgement
- 2: Paying for Public Goods
- 3: Which Goods are Public?
- 4: Redistribution
- 5: Transfer or Provision?
- 6: Public Duties
- 7: Conclusion
- Chapter 5. The Tax Base
- 1: Efficiency and Justice
- 2: Outcomes, not Burdens
- 3: The Consumption Base and Fairness to Savers
- 4: Fairness as Equal Liberty
- 5: Desert and the Accumulation of Capital: The "Common Pool"
- 6: Wealth and Welfare
- 7: Wealth and Opportunity
- 8: Endowment and the Value of Autonomy
- 9: Exclusions and Credits
- 10: Transitions
- Chapter 6. Progressivity
- 1: Graduation, Progression, Incidence, and Outcomes
- 2: Assessment of Outcomes
- 3: Optimal Taxation
- 4: Tax Reform
- Chapter 7. Inheritance
- 1: The "Death Tax"
- 2: The Tax Base of the Donee
- 3: No Deduction for Donors
- 4: Details and Objections
- 5: Equal Opportunity and Transfer Taxation
- 6: Conclusion
- Chapter 8. Tax Discrimination
- 1: Justifying Differential Treatment
- 2: An Example: The Marriage Penalty
- 3: Incentive Effects and Arbitrariness
- Chapter 9. Conclusion: Politics
- 1: Theory and Practice
- 2: Justice and Self-Interest
- 3: Plausible Policies
- 4: Effective Moral Ideas
- Notes
- References
- Index
