Superacid Chemistry

2. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-0-471-59668-4
Verlag: Wiley

Buch, Englisch, 880 Seiten, Format (B × H): 164 mm x 249 mm, Gewicht: 1273 g

The chemistry of superacids deals with acid systems stronger than conventional strong mineral Bronsted acids such as sulfuric acid and Lewis acids such as aluminum trichloride.

The first edition of Superacid Chemistry, published in 1985, quickly became the definitive work in the field. Since that time, however, the field has grown exponentially, with the development of new superacid systems and innovative superacid applications. This Second Edition of Superacid Chemistry has been published to bring this acclaimed book fully up to date with all these new developments.

Superacid Chemistry features a team of pioneering authors in the field headed by George Olah, the 1994 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry. The book covers:

- General aspects of superacid chemistry, including types of superacids and experimental techniques for acidity measurements
- Superacids systems, including primary, ternary, and solid superacids
- Carbocations in superacids, including methods of generating carbocations in superacids and methods and techniques in the study of carbocations
- Heterocations in superacids, including onium ions, enium ions, homo-, and heteropolyatomic cations, and cations of group 6-12 elements
- Superacids catalyzed reactions, including conversion of saturated hydrocarbons and alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons

Extensive references are provided throughout the book to guide readers to the primary literature for further in-depth investigations. In short, this Second Edition meets the growing need for current information on superacid chemistry among researchers in inorganic, organic, and physical chemistry in order to support and advance their research.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Olah, George A.

Prakash, G. K. Surya

Sommer, Jean

Molnar, Arpad

Fachgebiete

• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Chemie Allgemein Toxikologie, Gefahrstoffe, Sicherheit in der Chemie
• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Chemie Allgemein Chemometrik, Chemoinformatik
• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Chemie Allgemein Chemische Labormethoden, Stöchiometrie
• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Chemie Allgemein Pharmazeutische Chemie, Medizinische Chemie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preface to the Second Edition xvii
Preface to the First Edition xix

1.General Aspects 1
1.1. Defining Acidity 1
1.2. Definition of Superacids 6
1.3. Types of Superacids 9
1.4. Experimental Techniques for Acidity Measurements (Protic Acids) 11

2. Superacid Systems 35
2.1. Primary Superacids 35
2.2. Binary Superacids 47
2.3. Ternary Superacids 62
2.4. Solid Superacids 63

3. Carbocations in Superacid Systems 83
3.1. Introduction 83
3.2. Methods of Generating Carbocations in Superacids Systems 87
3.3. Methods and Techniques in the Study of Carbocations 88
3.4. Trivalent Carbocations 93
3.5. Equilibrating (Degenerate) and Higher (Five or Six) Coordinate (Nonclassical) Carbocations 206

4.Heterocations in Superacid Systems 311
4.1. Introduction 311
4.2. Onium Ions 311
4.3. Enium Ions 397
4.4. Homo-and Heteropolyatomic Cations 426
4.5. Cations of Group 6–12 Elements 453

5. Superacid-Catalyzed Reactions 501
5.1. Conversion of Saturated Hydrocarbons 501
5.2. Alkylation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons 554
5.3. Acylation of Aromatics 608
5.4. Carboxylation 618
5.5. Formylation 627
5.6. Thio- and Dithiocarboxylation 632
5.7. Sulfonation and Sulfonylation 633
5.8. Nitration 636
5.9. Nitrosonium Ion (NOþ)-Induced Reactions 643
5.10. Halogenation 647
5.11. Amination 659
5.12. Oxyfunctionalization 660
5.13. Superacids in Protection Group Chemistry 676
5.14. Superacids in Heterocyclic Chemistry 680
5.15. Dehydration 698
5.16. Superacidsin Carbohydrate Chemistry 700
5.17. Rearrangements and Cyclizations 706
5.18. Ionic Hydrogenation 727
5.19. Esterification and Ester Cleavage 734
5.20. Additions 735
5.21. Ritter Reactions 742
5.22. Polymerization 744
5.23. Miscellaneous Reactions 750

References 756
Outlook 789
Index 791

Über Autor(innen)

Ronald M. Heck, PHD, is President of RMH Consulting, where he specializes in consultation on environmental catalysis for auto, diesel, and stationary sources; general catalysis; fuel cells; reaction engineering: combustion technology; and chemical engineering. Previously, Dr. Heck was a Research Manager responsible for developing new catalyst technology for Engelhard Corporation's worldwide customers in environmental catalysis.

Robert J. Farrauto, PHD, is a research Fellow at BASF Catalysts and Adjunct Professor in the Earth and Environmental engineering Department of Columbia University in the City of New York where he teaches courses in catalysis and supervises graduate student research, His responsibilities at BASF catalysts include the development of advanced catalysts for hydrogen economy. He has worked extensively i9n the development of catalysts for the environmental, petroleum, and chemical industries.

Suresh T. Gulati, PHD, is a Consultant to the Science and Technology Division of Corning. He has also been a research fellow with Corning, specializing in the behavior of brittle materials. Dr. Galati has many years of experience working with automotive substrates, with an emphasis on their design and durability for diesel and passenger car applications.