Four Revolutions in the Earth Sciences

Erscheinungsjahr 2014
ISBN: 978-0-231-16448-1
Verlag: Columbia University Press

Buch, Englisch, 384 Seiten, Format (B × H): 156 mm x 236 mm, Gewicht: 659 g

Over the course of the twentieth century, scientists came to accept four counterintuitive yet fundamental facts about the Earth: deep time, continental drift, meteorite impact, and global warming. When first suggested, each proposition violated scientific orthodoxy and was quickly denounced as scientific and sometimes religious heresy. Nevertheless, after decades of rejection, scientists came to accept each theory.

The stories behind these four discoveries reflect more than the fascinating push and pull of scientific work. They reveal the provocative nature of science and how it raises profound and sometimes uncomfortable truths as it advances. For example, counter to common sense, the Earth and the solar system are older than all of human existence; the interactions among the moving plates and the continents they carry account for nearly all of the Earth's surface features; and nearly every important feature of our solar system results from the chance collision of objects in space. Most surprising of all, we humans have altered the climate of an entire planet and now threaten the future of civilization. This absorbing scientific history is the only book to describe the evolution of these four ideas from heresy to truth, showing how science works in practice and how it inevitably corrects the mistakes of its practitioners. Scientists can be wrong, but they do not stay wrong. In the process, astonishing ideas are born, tested, and over time take root.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Powell, James Lawrence

Fachgebiete

• Geowissenschaften Geologie Geschichte der Geowissenschaften

Inhaltsverzeichnis

List of IllustrationsPrefaceIntroductionPart I. Deep TimeThe Abyss of TimeA Great Mistake Has Been MadeThe Bank of TimeAccount OverdrawnStrange RaysAn Hourglass of Great PrecisionGeochronologyDuck SoupPart II. Continental Drift and Plate TectonicsAn Idea to PursueA Very Trusting ManDead on ArrivalGeologists Unite Against HeresyContinental Drift: Not Even WrongPostwar SurprisesWandering Poles or Drifting Continents?The Final ConfrontationSpreading SeafloorsHypotHESSesThe Discovery of the CenturyAll This RubbishPart III. Meteorite ImpactA Trivial ProcessTo Hunt a StarThe Moon's FaceRosetta StoneTo a Rocky MoonWorlds in CollisionDinosaur KillerOut with a BangCosmic PinballPart IV. Global WarmingOrigins of the CO2 TheoryTedious Calculations of Extraordinary InterestDestructive CriticismA Unique Experiment of Planetary DimensionsGiant BrainsWarming Is UnequivocalFrom Heresy to TruthAcknowledgmentsNotesRecommended ReadingBibliographyIndex

Leseproben

Read an excerpt from the chapter, "Deep Time":

Über Autor(innen)

James Lawrence Powell serves as executive director of the National Physical Science Consortium, a partnership among government agencies and laboratories, industry, and higher education dedicated to increasing the number of American citizens with graduate degrees in the physical sciences and related engineering fields, emphasizing recruitment of a diverse applicant pool that includes women and minorities. He received his Ph.D from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and has taught at Oberlin College and served as its acting president. He has also been president of Franklin and Marshall College, Reed College, the Franklin Institute Science Museum in Philadelphia, and the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History. Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush both appointed Powell to the National Science Board. He is also the author of The Inquisition of Climate Science.