Risk Management in Outer Space Activities

An Australian and New Zealand Perspective
1. Auflage 2022
ISBN: 978-981-16-4758-1
Verlag: Springer

Buch, Englisch, 239 Seiten, Format (B × H): 155 mm x 235 mm, Gewicht: 394 g

Reihe: Space Law and Policy

Risk Management in Outer Space Activities assesses selected risks associated with space activities, from an Australian and New Zealand perspective. The book explores the rise of commercial space activities and considers the development of Australia and New Zealand’s regulatory frameworks, and how they are equipped to address new and emerging risks in the space sector.

The book examines the juxtaposition of international space law against the domestic legal regimes of Australia and New Zealand, and how these regulatory frameworks are designed to create governance mechanisms to control space risk. Both national jurisdictions approach space risk from the perspective of liability and international legal obligations, but as a result of their different historical space trajectories, their risk approaches differ. This is illustrated by research that suggests that from an Australian point of view, much of its space industry development has been influenced by Cold War era military and national security concerns. On the other hand, the New Zealand perspective is grounded on the rapid market-led commercial development that is currently underway in the country.

The book examines a variety of risks that can and do emerge in the course of undertaking space activities. It does this by presenting a series of space risk case studies. There are chapters devoted to examining commercial space risks, space insurance, the risks posed by space debris, cybersecurity and space assets, light pollution as a risk for astronomy and the risks inherent in landing objects on the Moon. 

The work contained in this book is intended to provide a clear, practical and informed approach to understanding risk management in outer space activities. It will appeal to policy makers, risk professionals, space lawyers, national space agencies as well as academics, researchers and students

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Pozza, Maria A.

Dennerley, Joel A.

Fachgebiete

• Wirtschaftswissenschaften Betriebswirtschaft Management Risikomanagement
• Naturwissenschaften Physik Angewandte Physik Astrophysik
• Rechtswissenschaften Recht, Rechtswissenschaft Allgemein Rechtsvergleichung
• Rechtswissenschaften Recht, Rechtswissenschaft Allgemein Rechtsgeschichte, Recht der Antike
• Naturwissenschaften Astronomie Astrophysik
• Rechtswissenschaften Internationales Recht und Europarecht Internationales Recht Internationales See-, Luft- und Weltraumrecht
• Rechtswissenschaften Allgemeines Verfahrens-, Zivilprozess- und Insolvenzrecht Zivilprozessrecht Streitschlichtung, Mediation

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Chapter 1:  Offers a comparison between Australia and New Zealand’s space legal regime and introduces the concept of risk
Chapter 2: 1. Risk Management and Legal Compliance in Space – background and contexta. Historical development of space activitiesb. The rise of risk and commercial space actors2. What is risk in space; examples of typical high-level risk assessment associated to space operations and systemsa. Debris b. Launchc. Personsd. Payloads 3. How do we implement management over risk in spacea. An overview of Space Operations and Systems – core infrastructure risk i. Dataii. Information transferiii. Equipmentiv. Launch siteb. risk management and compliancei. An overview of international legal obligations associated risks1. Outer Space Treatya. Activities b. Restrictions2. Liability conventiona. Fault and liability under 3. ITU – radio transmission and spectrum allocationii. An overview of New Zealand Domestic legal obligations 1. Influenced by state foreign policy, national security and economic factors2. New Zealand Space legal framework4. Assessment and concluding remarks.Chapter 3: 1. Space debris - background and contexta. What is space debris b. How is space debris createdi. Uncontrolled / end of life space objectsii. Break-ups in orbitiii. Notable collisions in orbitc. Why is space debris a problemi. The practical problemsii. The environmental problems iii. International and domestic perspectives / positions on space debrisd. How existing space debris is managed i. Space debris cataloguing and tracking ii. Active debris removal2. Space debris mitigation - a risk management approacha. What is space debris mitigation b. Space debris mitigation and its position within space lawi. International space law 1. UN space treaties 2. UN resolutions3. International Standardsa. European Code of Conduct for Space Debris Mitigationb. ESA Space Debris Mitigation for Agency Projectsc. IADC Space Debris Mitigation Guidelinesd. ITU Recommendation ITU-R S.1003.2e. Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Spacef. ISO space debris mitigation requirements ISO 24113:2011c. Notable domestic space law regimes addressing space debris mitigation i. [A description and evaluation of several States' approaches to mitigation]d. Australia and space debris mitigation i. Space (Launches and Returns) Act 2019ii. The General Rules - space debris mitigation strategy (ss 54, 79)iii. What we should expect / look for in a space debris mitigation strategy             3. Concluding remarks

Chapter 4: 1. Introduction to space insurance lawa. Backgroundb. Running example of an insurable event.c. Similar types of insurance (comparison to marine and aviation insurance)2. What is Space Insurance?a. What is covered?b. Liability allocation of risk3. Why Insure?a. Statutory requirements in NZ and Australiab. Contractual requirements4. The insurance marketplacea. Global marketplaceb. Insurance providersc. Insurance brokersd. Underwriting risk – what factors?5. Commercial insurance terms and conditionsa. Pre-launch and third party liability policiesb. Launch and In-Orbit insurance policies6. Insurance law as it relates to outer space activitiesa. Australiab. New Zealand7. Risk management and other means of risk transfer
Chapter 5: 1. The Space Activities Act (SAA) in context
a. Background to the legal and regulatory frameworkb. What the legislation was intended to achievec. Developments since enactment
2. Overview of the SAA in 2019
a. Definitionsb. Activities requiring approvalsc. Licences, permits and authorisations
3. Liability provisions under the SAA
a. The liability framework - Part 4 and 4Ab. What type of damage is covered - the Australian connectionc. When does liability occur - liability periods
4. Compensation provisions under the SAA
a. The compensation frameworkb. Damage to third parties on earth or in the airc. Limitations on liability of permit or certificate holdersd. Compensation for damage caused by non-Australian nationals
5. Claims for compensation under the SAA
6. Future considerations for the law of space regulation in Australia
a. Potential issues in the SAA b. Looking over the horizon - dealing with the next regulatory challenges

Über Autor(innen)

Dr Maria Pozza is  the Director and Principal of Gravity Lawyers, a law firm that specialises in New Zealand’s space law, international space law, cybersecurity compliance over data, IT and system frameworks, as well as providing commercial and corporate in-house legal support. Dr Maria holds a PhD in international law and policy in outer space, working in both the Faculty of Law and the Department of Politics at the University of Otago.  She holds a Masters of International Studies with distinction, New Zealand Law and Practice Exams, PGDip in Legal Skills, BVC, and an LL.B (Hons). In 2013 Maria secured a visiting fellowship at the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law, University of Cambridge, UK. Dr Maria has received a number of accolades and awards in recognition of her work and contribution to the field of space law.