Hybrid Threats and Grey Zone Conflict

The Challenge to Liberal Democracies
Erscheinungsjahr 2024
ISBN: 978-0-19-774477-2
Verlag: Oxford University Press

Buch, Englisch, 744 Seiten, Format (B × H): 164 mm x 240 mm, Gewicht: 1164 g

In the current geopolitical environment, liberal democracies vie for influence and prosperity with autocratic governments, such as those of China and Russia. While the great powers do not shy away from using aggressive force, much of their rivalry today takes place below the threshold of armed conflict, in a conceptual and practical 'grey zone' between war and peace. Autocratic states operate in this grey zone to target the vulnerabilities of liberal democracies, creating hybrid threats that rely on instruments ranging from economic, diplomatic, legal, and informational pressure all the way to military coercion.

Law plays a critical role in this context. In the ethically and legally ambiguous grey zone, international law serves as a normative, yet malleable, framework within which geopolitical rivals compete. State and non-State actors invoke the law as the source of authority, while simultaneously hoping to shape the international legal order in their own strategic interests.

Hybrid Threats and Grey Zone Conflict offers the first in-depth assessment of the legal and ethical aspects of hybrid threats and grey zone conflict. It explores the responses available to democratic nations for countering hybrid and grey zone threats whilst adhering to liberal democratic values and the rule of law. Bringing together diverse scholarly and practitioner perspectives, the volume introduces readers to the conceptual and practical difficulties arising in this area, the rich debates the topic has generated, and the challenges that countering hybrid threats and grey zone conflict poses for liberal democracies. This volume is essential reading for anyone interested in learning more about contemporary forms of strategic competition below the threshold of open hostilities.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Regan, Mitt

Sari, Aurel

Fachgebiete

• Sozialwissenschaften Politikwissenschaft Internationale Beziehungen Nachrichtendienste, Geheimdienste
• Rechtswissenschaften Internationales Recht und Europarecht Internationales Recht Internationales Zivilprozess- und Schiedsverfahrensrecht
• Geisteswissenschaften Philosophie Ethik, Moralphilosophie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

- 1. Introduction

- Aurel Sari and Mitt Regan

- I - WHAT ARE HYBRID THREATS AND GREY ZONE CONFLICT?

- 2. The Grey Zone and Hybrid Conflict: A Conceptual Introduction

- Christopher Marsh

- 3. Grey Zone Conflict and Military Affairs: Questioning the Premise

- Melanie W. Sisson

- 4. We Have Met the Grey Zone and He is Us: How Grey Zone Warfare Exploits Our Undecidedness about What Matters to Us

- Duncan MacIntosh

- 5. Legal Aspects of Grey Zone and Hybrid Threats: A Primer

- Hitoshi Nasu

- 6. The Divide between War and Peace

- Tobias Vestner

- 7. Rethinking Coercion in Cyberspace

- Ido Kilovaty

- II - ARENAS OF HYBRID AND GREY ZONE COMPETITION

- 8. A Topography of Information-Based Foreign Influence

- Beba Cibralic

- 9. In Pursuit of Geopolitical Advantage: Hacking Below the Threshold of War

- Melissa K. Griffith

- 10. Lawfare, China, and the Grey Zone

- Orde F. Kittrie

- 11. Emerging Bio-Technologies for Disruptive Effects in Grey Zone Engagements

- Joseph DeFranco, Diane DiEuliis, L. R. Bremseth, and James Giordano

- 12. The Maritime Domain

- David Letts

- 13. The Evolving Chinese Strategy in the Arctic: Entering the Grey Zone?

- Camilla T. N. Sørensen

- 14. Hybrid and Grey Zone Operations in Outer Space

- Melissa de Zwart

- III - INSTRUMENTS, TACTICS, AND METHODS IN THE GREY ZONE

- 15. Decoding Grey Zone Environments

- Andrés B. Muñoz Mosquera and Nikoleta Chalanouli

- 16. Coercing Well: The Logic, Grammar, and Norms of the Grey Zone

- C. Anthony Pfaff

- 17. Lying in the Grey Zone

- Steven Wheatley

- 18. Rethinking the International Law of Interference in the Digital Age

- Steven J. Barela and Samuli Haataja

- 19. Trapped in the Grey Zone: International Law Applicable to Non-State Actors

- Agata Kleczkowska

- 20. From Red Scare to Red Scare, Grey Zone to Grey Zone: Weaponizing Dissent and Civil Society

- Tyler Wentzell and Barbara J. Falk

- 21. A Grey Zone Analytic Framework for Military Operations

- Maegen Nix and Welton Chang

- IV - COUNTERING HYBRID AND GREY ZONE THREATS: HOW CAN LIBERAL DEMOCRACIES RESPOND?

- 22. An Ethical Framework for Assessing Grey Zone Responses

- Ed Barrett

- 23. Winning at the Strategic Seams

- Michael A. Newton

- 24. Legal Resilience: Just a Warm and Fuzzy Concept?

- Aurel Sari

- 25. How to Involve Civil Society in Grey Zone Defence

- Elisabeth Braw

- 26. Security Assistance by Liberal Democracies: Tensions in the Grey Zone

- Mitt Regan and Sarah Harrison

- 27. The Practice of Legal Resilience: Insights from the Maritime Incident of 31 May 2010

- Marlene Mazel

- 28. Legal Resilience from a Finnish Perspective

- Tiina Ferm

- 29. The Path to Legal Resilience

- Andrés B. Muñoz Mosquera, Jean Emmanuel Perrin, Panagiotis Sergis, Rodrigo Vázquez Benítez, and Borja Montes Toscano

Über Autor(innen)

Mitt Regan is McDevitt Professor of Jurisprudence and Co-Director of the Center on National Security at Georgetown Law Center, and is Faculty Coordinator for the Atrocity Crimes Advisory Group, Ukraine. He also serves as a Senior Fellow at the Stockdale Center for Ethical Leadership at the US Naval Academy, and is a member of an expert group advising the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) on legal and ethical dimensions of AI applications in military operations. He works in the fields of international law on the use of force, international human rights law, international criminal law, and military ethics.

Aurel Sari is an Associate Professor of Public International Law at the University of Exeter and a Fellow of Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe. His work focuses primarily on international conflict and security law and the law relating to military operations. He has spoken and written widely on the legal aspects of hybrid threats, including at the invitation of

the Council of Europe, NATO, the European Commission, and the European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats.