Thinking about Mathematics

The Philosophy of Mathematics
Erscheinungsjahr 2000
ISBN: 978-0-19-289306-2
Verlag: Oxford University Press

Buch, Englisch, 328 Seiten, Format (B × H): 138 mm x 216 mm, Gewicht: 417 g

This unique text by Stewart Shapiro looks at a range of philosophical issues and positions concerning mathematics in four comprehensive sections. The first describes questions and issues about mathematics that have motivated philosophers almost since the beginning of intellectual history. Part II is an historical survey, discussing the role of mathematics in such thinkers as Plato, Aristotle, Kant, and Mill. The third section covers the three major positions, and battle lines, throughout the twentieth century: that mathematics is logic (logicism), that the essence of mathematics is the rule-governed manipulation of characters (formalism), and a revisionist philosophy that focuses on the mental activity of mathematics (intuitionism). Finally, Part IV looks at contemporary positions and work which brings the reader up-to-date on the discipline.

Thinking about Mathematics is accessible to those with little background in either mathematics or philosophy. It is aimed at students and professionals in mathematics who have little contact with academic philosophy and at philosophy students and other philosophers who forgot much of their mathematics.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Shapiro, Stewart

Fachgebiete

• Mathematik | Informatik Mathematik Mathematik Allgemein Philosophie der Mathematik
• Geisteswissenschaften Philosophie Philosophische Logik, Argumentationstheorie
• Geisteswissenschaften Philosophie Philosophie der Mathematik, Philosophie der Physik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

- Part I. Perspective

- Chapter 1. What is so interesting about mathematics (for philosopher)?

- Attraction - of opposites?

- Philosophy and mathematics: chicken or egg?

- Naturalism and mathematics

- Chapter 2. A Potpourri of questions and attempted answers

- Necessity and a priori knowledge

- Global matters: objects and objectivity

- The mathematical and the physical

- Local maters: theorems, theories, and concepts

- Part II. History

- Chapter 3. Plato's Rationalism, and Aristotle

- The world of Being

- Plato on mathematics

- Mathematics on Plato

- Aristotle, the worthy opponent

- Further reading

- Chapter 4. Near opposites: Kant and Mill

- Reorientation

- Kant

- Mill

- Further reading

- Part III. The big three

- Chapter 5. Logicism: Is mathematics (just) logic?

- Frege

- Russell

- Carnap and logical positivism

- Contemporary views

- Further reading

- Chapter 6. Formalism: Do mathematical statements mean anything?

- Basic views: Freg's onslaught

- Deductivism: Hilbert's Grundlagen der Geometrie

- Finitism: the Hilbert program

- Incompleteness

- Curry

- Further reading

- Chapter 7. Intuitionism: is something wrong with our logic?

- 1. Revising classical logic

- 2. The teacher, Brouwer

- 3. The student, Heyting

- 4. Dummett

- 5. Further reading

- Part IV. The contemporary scene

- Chapter 8. Numbers exist

- Gödel

- The web of belief

- Set-theoretic realism

- Further reading

- Chapter 9. No they don't

- Fictionalism

- Modal construction

- What should we make of all this?

- Addendum: Young Turks

- Further reading

- Chapter 10. Structuralism

- The underlying idea

- Ante rem structures, and objects

- Structuralism without structures

- Knowledge of structures

- Further reading

- References

- Index

Über Autor(innen)

Professor of Philosophy, Department of Philosophy, Ohio State University at Newark and Professorial Fellow, Department of Logic and Metaphysics at the University of St Andrews, Scotland.