Buch, Englisch, 624 Seiten, Format (B × H): 165 mm x 235 mm
A Sourcebook in Roman Social History
Buch, Englisch, 624 Seiten, Format (B × H): 165 mm x 235 mm
ISBN: 978-0-19-007213-1
Verlag: Oxford University Press
As the Romans Did offers a rich, revealing look at everyday Roman life. It provides clear, lively translations of a fascinating array of documents drawn from Latin and Greek source material--from personal letters, farming manuals, medical texts, and recipes to poetry, graffiti, and tombstone inscriptions. Each selection has been translated into readable, contemporary English. Extensive annotations, abundant biographical notes, maps, appendices, cross-references to related topics, and a newly-updated bibliography provide readers with the historical and cultural background material necessary to appreciate the selections. Arranged thematically into chapters on family life, housing, education, entertainment, religion, and other important topics, the translations reveal the ambitions and aspirations not only of the upper class, but of the average Roman citizen as well. They tell of the success and failure of Rome's grandiose imperialist policies and also of the pleasures and hardships of everyday life. Wide-ranging and lively, the second edition of As the Romans Did offers the most lucid account available of Roman life in all its diversity.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Weitere Infos & Material
- Contents
- Preface to the Third Edition
- Figures, Charts, and Maps
- Acknowledgements
- About the Authors
- Introduction
- The Roman Ideal
- 1. Horatius at the Bridge, Veturia outside the Walls
- I. The Structure of Roman Society
- Social Structure
- 2. Rule by the “Best Men”
- 3, 4. Definitions of Justice and Law
- 5, 6. Discrimination in Assigning Penalties
- Paternalism and Patronage
- 7. Patrician and Plebeian
- 8. Patrons and Clients in Republican Rome
- 9. Patrons and Clients in Imperial Rome
- 10. Seeking a Handout
- 11. Patrons and Patrons
- 12. Rude Patrons
- 12. Another Rude Patron
- 14. No Free Lunches (or Dinners)
- II. Families
- Fathers
- 15. Patria Potestas
- 16. Horace's Father
- 17. Quintilian's Sons
- 18. Cicero's Grief
- Image 2.1. Marcus Cornelius Statius and His Father
- Mothers
- 19. The Ideal
- 20. Memory of a Warm Moment
- 21. Maternal Tenderness
- 22. A Mother's Concern
- 23. An Ungrateful Son
- Blended Families
- 24. Step-Parents
- Brothers and Sisters
- 25. Brotherly Love
- 26. Sisterly Affection
- Producing a Family
- 27. Fertility
- 28, 29. Birth Announcements
- 30. Miscarriage
- 31. Infant Deaths
- Image 2.2. Commemoration of a Child
- Birth Control
- 32, 33. Contraception
- 34, 35. Abortion
- 36, 37. Exposure
- Encouraging Fertility
- 38-40. The Legislation of Augustus
- Adoption
- 41. An Adoption Agreement
- 42. Giving Away One's Child
- Raising Children
- 43. Filial Obedience
- 44. Spoiled Brats
- 45. Advice about Parental Severity
- 46, 47. Nurses
- 48. Paedagogues
- 49. A Persistant Paedagogue
- Guardians
- 50. Appointing Guardians
- Orphans
- 51. An Appeal for Help
- Welfare Assistance
- 52. Public Assistance
- Image 2.3. Trajan's Charity
- 53. Private Charity
- III. Marriage
- The Age of Marriage Partners
- 54. Child Brides
- Arranged Marriages
- 55. Matchmakers
- Weddings
- 56. A Wedding Song
- 57. A Marriage Contract
- 58. Expectations of Marriage
- Image 3.1. Harmonious Marriage
- Wives
- 59. The Duties of a Wife
- 60. A Perfect Marriage
- 61, 62. Calpurnia, Pliny's Wife
- 63. Quintilian's Wife
- 64. Love for a Wife
- 65, Image 3.2. A Good Wife
- Husbands
- 66. Battered Wives
- 67. Wife-Beating
- 68. Love for a Husband
- ln-Laws
- 69, 70. Family Intervention
- Divorce
- 71. A Divorce Agreement
- 72. Response to Divorce
- Adultery
- 73. Where to Meet
- 74. Deceiving One's Husband
- 75. Poems to a Mistress
- 76. Another Perspective
- 77. Laws to Control Adultery
- 78. Augustus's Own Behavior
- IV. Housing and City Life
- Single-Family Houses in the City
- 79. Designs for City Houses
- Image 4.1. A House at Pompeii
- Apartments
- 80. Complaints from an Apartment Dweller
- 81. A Dingy Apartment
- Images 4.2, 4.3 Apartment Buildings
- 82. A Landlord's Problems
- House Prices
- 83. The High Cost of Living in Rome
- Rental Advertisements
- 84, 85. Shops and Apartments for Rent
- Homeowner's Insurance
- 86. Fire Insurance
- The Benefits of City Life
- 87. Aqueducts
- 88. Roads, Sewers, and the Campus Martius
- Image 4.4. The Streets of Herculaneum
- 89. Toilets
- 90, 91. Roads
- The Problems of City Life
- 92. Crowds, Traffic, and Muggers
- 93. Noise
- 94. Theft
- 95. Burglary
- 96. Neighbors
- Housing in Rural Areas
- 97. Farm Houses
- 98. Vacation Villas
- V. Domestic and Personal Concerns
- Meals
- Images 5.1, 5.2. Bread, the Staff of Life
- 99. A Peasant's Dinner
- 100. A Modest Dinner
- Image 5.3. Dinner at Home
- 101. A Dinner Invitation
- 102. A Rejected Host
- 103. Recipe for Fish Sauce
- 104. Numidian Chicken
- 105. Rabbit with Fruit Sauce
- 106. Liver Sausage
- 107. Anchovy Delight without the Anchovies
- 108. Sweet and Sour Pork
- Illness
- 109. Dysentery
- 110. Asthma
- Medical Treatments
- 111. Jaundice
- 112. Broken Bones
- 113. Strains and Bruises
- Doctors
- 114. Medical Training
- 115, 116. Change of Profession
- 117. Distrust of Doctors
- Image 5.4. Medical Professions
- 118. Midwives
- Life Expectancy
- 119. Lutatia Secundina
- 120. Magnilla
- 121. Mercurius
- 122. Firminus
- Death
- 123. Death Notices
- 124. Cicero's Grief
- 125. Condolences
- Funerary Laws and Funerals
- 126. Funerary Laws
- 127. Curses on Tomb Violators
- 128. Funerals
- 129. A Funeral Club
- 130. Final Words: An Epitaph
- Personal Messages
- 131-133. The Walls of Pompeii
- VI. Education
- The Roman Ideal
- 134. A Traditional Education
- A Child's Early Years
- 135. The Role of the Parents
- Image 6.1. A Parent's Hopes
- Teachers and Schools
- 136. Private Tutors
- 137. Orbilius, the Schoolteacher
- 138. Corporal Punishment
- 139. A Schoolteacher's Hours
- 140. A Schoolteacher's Salary
- 141. Incentives for Learning
- 142. Book Awards
- 143. An Endowment for a School
- 144. A Letter Home
- The Litterator
- 145. A Day in the Life of a Schoolboy
- Image 6.2. Writing Equipment
- 146. Morals and Memorization
- 147. An Arithmetic Lesson
- 148. Enough Education for the Average Man
- Vocational Training
- 149. Apprenticeship to a Weaver
- 150. Career Choice
- 151. Girls at Work
- The Grammaticus
- 152. Curriculum
- Image 5.3. School of the Grammaticus
- The Rhetor
- 153. The Good Old Days
- 154, 155. Classroom Exercises
- 156. Pity the Teacher
- 157. Criticism of the Rhetor's Exercises
- 158. Criticism of the “New Style”
- 159. The Ideal Orator
- A Year Abroad
- 160. Studying in Athens
- VII. Occupations
- The Day's Activities
- 161. Dividing Up the Day
- 162. City Life
- Working for a Living
- 163. Scorn for the Working Class
- 164. Tradesmen and Craftsmen
- Image 7.1. A Produce Seller
- 165. Workers
- 166. Pride of Workmanship
- 167. Temporary Employment
- 168. Wage and Price Control
- Image 7.2. A Butcher's Shop
- 169. The Grain Dole
- Business and Investments
- 170. The Roman Attitude toward Profit
- 171. Traders
- 172. Rome, The Center of Trade
- 173. Moneylending
- 174. Loan Companies
- 175. War Bonds
- 176. Cato's Financial Activities
- 177. A Real Estate Speculator
- 178. A Government Construction Contract
- 179. A Government Contract for Military Provisions
- 180. Contract Fraud
- 181, 182. Government Contracts for Tax Collection
- 183. Money lending in the Provinces
- 184. Kingmakers
- Activities of the Senatorial Class
- 185. Pliny's Investments
- 186. Pliny's Activities
- Agriculture
- 187. An Attempt at Land Reform
- Image 7.3. A Farmer's Toil
- 188. Tillers of the Field
- 189. Tenant Farmers
- 190. Sharecroppers
- 191. A Farmer's Life
- 192. Shepherds
- 193. Harassment of Shepherds
- 194. Farmers and Heroes
- 195. Retreat from Reality
- 196. The Romantic Vision
- 197. The Country Mouse and the City Mouse
- VIII. Enslaved Persons
- Enslavement
- 198. Captives of War
- Image 8.1: Enslaving People
- Selling Slaves
- 199. Regulations
- Buying Slaves
- 200. A Contract for the Sale of a Slave
- 201. A Friend's Advice
- Renting Slaves
- 202. A Contract for the Rental of a Slave
- Slaves in the City and on the Farm
- 203. Household Slaves
- 204. Adjusting to Enslavement
- Image 8.2 Duties of the Enslaved
- 205. State-Owned Slaves
- 206. Choosing Slaves for the Farm
- 207. Farm Slaves and a Frugal Owner
- 208. Managing Slaves
- Slaves in the Mines
- 209. Spanish Silver Mines
- Slaves in a Mill
- 210. A Flour Mill
- Cruelty to Slaves
- 211. Flogging
- 212. Sadism
- 213. Brutality
- 214. Cruel Laws
- Flight
- Image 8.3, 215, 216. Slave Collars
- 217. A Search for a Fugitive Slave
- Slave Revolts
- 218. Revolt within the Household
- 219. A Widespread Revolt
- Gentler Treatment
- 220. Benevolence
- 221. A Stoic View of Slavery
- 222. Laws to Curb Cruelty
- 223. Hadrian's Legislation
- 224. Reiteration
- 225. Humane Interpretation of the Laws
- 226. Enslaved Families
- IX. Freedmen and Freedwomen
- Reasons for Manumission
- 227. Recognition of Talent
- 228. Recognition of Intelligence
- 229. Freeing Possible Witnesses
- 230. Adoption
- 231. Marriage
- 232. Criticism of the Manumission Process
- Roman Attitudes toward Freedmen and Freedwomen
- 233. The Stereotype of the Wealthy Freedman
- 234. Resentment
- 235. Prejudice against Foreigners
- Freedpersons and the Job Market
- 236. Construction Work
- 237. Herald
- 238. Teacher
- 239. Slaughterer
- 240. Maid
- Freedpersons and Their Patrons
- 241. Legal Obligations
- 242. The Ideal Freedman
- 243. A Troubled Relationship
- 244. A Generous Patron
- 245. Another Kind Patron
- 246. Selective Kindness
- Private and Social Life
- 247. A Life Story
- 248. Friendship between Freedpersons
- Image 9.1. Freedpersons and Family
- 249. Mother and Daughter
- 250. Seeking Respectability
- Image 9.2. Self-Presentation
- X. Government and Politics
- The Assemblies
- 251. The Comitia
- 252. Comitia and Concilium: Some Differences
- 253. Lex and Plebiscitum
- 254. Contio
- Magistrates
- 255. The Functions of the Magistrates
- 256. The Titles of the Magistrates
- 251. The Development of the Magistracies
- Image 10.1. Monarchical Power and Republican Magistrates
- 258. The Duties of the Consuls
- 259. The Responsibilities of a Magistrate
- 260. Friends in Power
- 261. Abuse of Power
- Political Campaigns
- 262. Planning a Campaign
- 263. Campaign Literature
- Image 10.2. Election Endorsements
- The Senate
- 264. The Senate in the Republican Period
- 265. The Senate and the People
- 266. The Senate and the Equestrians
- Government in the Early Imperial Period
- 267. The Powers of Augustus
- 268. The Prefect of the City
- 269, 270. Careers in the Government
- 271. The End of Popular Elections
- 272, 273. Freedom of Speech
- 274. The Emperor and the Senate
- 275, 276. The Benefits of Imperial Rule
- Legislation
- 277. Roman Self-Styling
- 278. Sources of Legislation
- 279-281. Categories
- 282. Definitions
- 283-289. Equity
- 290. The Force of Custom
- XI. The Roman Army
- The Army during the Republican Period
- 291. The Army before Marius's Reforms
- 292. A Good Republican Soldier
- 293. A Triumph
- The Army during the Imperial Period
- 294. Reasons for the Army's Success
- 295. Enlistment
- 296. Training
- 297-299. Discipline
- 300. Pay Records
- 301. Supply and Service Troops
- 302, Image 11.1. A Letter Home
- 303. A Letter of Recommendation
- 304. How to Advance Quickly
- 305. Soldiers and the Emperor
- 306. A Mutiny
- 307, 308. The Height of Recruits
- 309. Avoiding the Draft
- 310. Soldiers and Civilians
- 311. Requisitions
- 312. Military Justice
- 313. Life on the Frontier
- 314. Retirement in the Provinces
- Image 11.2. Life and Death of a Veteran
- 315. The Danube Frontier
- 316. Roman Families in Britain
- XII. Provincial Administration
- Provincial Administration
- Image 12.1. Provincial Resources and Roman Perceptions
- Image 12.2. Grain for Rome
- 317. The Theory of Provincial Administration
- 318. The Publican Problem
- 319. Cicero as Governor
- 320. The Noble Brutus
- 321. A Most Unscrupulous Governor
- 322. Fear of Rebellion
- 323. Hatred of Roman Rule
- 324. The Benefits of Roman Rule
- Image 12.3. Roman Shoes at the Edge of the Empire
- XIII. Women in Roman Society
- Childhood
- 325. Little Women
- Image 13.1. Toys for Girls
- 326. Single Women
- Life Expectancy
- 327. A Brief Life
- Image 13.2. Commemorating an Untimely Death
- 328. Death in Childbirth
- 329. Femicide
- Praiseworthy Behavior
- 330. The Virtues of Women
- 331. An Outstanding example of Pietas
- 332. Emotional Control
- 333. Loyalty
- 334. Patience
- Image 13.3. Tidy Appearance
- Unacceptable Behavior
- 335. Scandalous Conduct
- 336. Women and Politics
- 337. Women and Too Much Education
- 338. Women and Luxuries
- 339. Women and Theatrical Performances
- 340. Women and Vanity
- Hysteria
- 341. Symptoms
- 342. Causes and Cures
- Women at Work
- 343. A Dressmaker
- 344. A Hairdresser
- 345. A Fishmonger
- 346. Farm Women
- 347. Companions to Shepherds
- XIV. Leisure and Entertainment
- Leisure Activities
- 348, 349. The Pleasures of Life
- 350. Gambling and Gaming
- 351. Athletic Activities
- Baths
- 352. The Good Old Days
- 353. Living Above a Public Bath Building
- 354. The Design of a Bath Building
- Dinner Parties
- 355. Fishing for a Dinner Invitation
- 356. An Early Dinner Guest
- 357. A Thrifty Man
- 358. Roman Doggy Bags
- 359. A Shameless Guest
- 360. A Napkin Thief
- 361. A Rude Host
- 362. House of the Moralist
- Recitations
- 363. The Persistent Poet
- 364. The Popularity of Recitations
- 365. A Recitation at Pliny's House
- Hunting and Literary Studies
- 366. Pliny's Hunting Expedition
- 367. A Day in the Country
- Travel
- 368. Along the Appian Way
- 369. Hotel Sign
- 370. Hotel Bars
- 371. Dishonest Innkeepers
- 372. Hotel Prostitutes
- 373. Homesickness
- 374. Loneliness
- 375. No Trespassing
- 376. The Ancient Jet Set
- Spectacles
- 377. Caesar's Games
- 378. Nero's Games
- 379. Political Wisdom
- 380. The Road to Decadence
- Circus Events
- 381. A Driver's Winning Techniques
- Image 14.1. A Chariot Race
- 382. A Day at the Races
- 383. Fanatical Fans
- 384. A Successful Driver
- 385. Cursing One's Opponent
- 386. A Young Driver
- 387. A Family of Drivers
- 388. A Famous Driver
- Theater Events
- 389. The Problems of a Playwright
- 390. Pantomime
- Arena Events
- 391, 392. Advertising Amphitheater Events
- 393. Fight Statistics
- Image 14.2. A Combat of Gladiators
- 394. Fans
- 395. An Unsympathetic Point of View
- 396. A More Enlightened View
- 397. Rounding Up the Animals
- 398. The Harmful Results of Spectacles
- 399. Escaping the Tortures of the Arena
- 400. The Victim's Perspective
- 401. Fascination and Addiction
- XV. Religion and Philosophy
- Religion and Society
- 402. Roman Religiosity
- 403. Religion and Roman Social Cohesion
- 404. Religion and Imperial Success
- Deities
- 405. 1. “Major” Deities of Roman Public Religion
- 406, 407. Epithets
- 408. 2. Minor Deities with Specific Powers
- 409, 410. 3. Deities of the Environment
- 411. 4. Household Deities
- Image 15.1. A Lararium
- 412. Worship on the Farm
- 413. 5. Ancestral Deities
- 414, 415. 6. Imported Deities
- 416. Welcoming the Gods of the Enemy
- 417. 7. Deities in the Provinces
- 8. Emperors as Deities
- 418, 419. Tiberius' Resistance to Emperor Worship
- Ritual
- 420, 421. Words and Actions
- 422. Prayer and Sacrifice
- 423, 424. Acceptable Victims
- 425. Ritual for Purification
- 426. Ambarvalia
- Image 15.2. A suovetaurilia
- 427, 428. Vows
- 429. Oaths
- 430, 431, 432. Curses
- Priests
- 433. Pontifices
- 434, 435. Vestal Virgins
- 436. Fratres Arvales
- Divination
- 437. Augury and the Augures
- 438. A Cautionary Tale
- 439. Extispicy and the Haruspices
- 440, 441. The Sibylline Books and the Quindecimviri Sacris Faciundis
- 442, 443. Private Divination
- Religious Space
- The Roman Calendar
- 444. Naming the Days
- Festivals
- 445. Lupercalia
- 446. Saturnalia
- 447. Saturnalia Gifts
- Crisis
- 448. Hannibal in Italy
- 449. Civil War
- Religions from the East
- Bacchus
- 450. Suppression of the Bacchanalia
- 451. The Edict of the Senate
- Isis
- 452. Worship of the Goddess
- 453. Christian Skepticism
- Encounters with Monotheism
- Judaism
- 454. The Jewish Community in Rome and the Emperor Tiberius
- 455. The Jewish Community and the Emperors Augustus and Caligula
- 456. The Jewish Community in Alexandria and the Emperor Claudius
- Christianity
- 457. The Promises of Christianity
- 458, 459. Christians in the First Century A.D.
- 460. Imperial Advice about Dealing with Christians
- 461. Christian Reaction to Trajan's Rescriptum
- 462. Misconceptions about Christianity
- 463. A Christian's Reply to the Accusations
- 464. Martyrs
- 465. Systematic Persecution
- 466. Toleration
- 467. Resistance to Intolerance
- 468. Christian Intolerance
- Philosophy
- Epicureanism
- 469. The Reasons for Studying Philosophy
- 470. The First Principal
- 471. The Second Principal
- 472. Proof of the Existence of Atoms
- 473. Void
- 474. Life and Death
- Stoicism
- 475. The Promise of Philosophy
- 476. Stoic Definition of Happiness
- 477. Fate and Free Will
- 478. Emotions
- 479. The Invulnerability of the Wise Man
- 480. Death as True Freedom
- 481. Training and Preparation
- 482. Self-Discipline and Steadfastness
- Genealogy Charts
- Maps
- Appendix I: Sources
- Appendix II: Roman Money
- Appendix III: Important Dates and Events
- Suggestions for Further Reading
- Thematic Questions
- Index
