Analogy and Structure

1992
ISBN: 978-0-7923-1935-1
Verlag: Springer Netherlands

Buch, Englisch, 376 Seiten, Format (B × H): 160 mm x 241 mm, Gewicht: 1600 g

provides the necessary foundation for understanding the nature of analogical and structuralist (or rule-based) approaches to describing behavior. In the first part of this book, the mathematical properties of rule approaches are developed; in the second part, the analogical alternative to rules is developed. This book serves as the mathematical basis for (Kluwer, 1989). Features include:
The disagreement between randomly chosen occurences avids the difficulties of using entropy as the measure of uncertainty.
The implicit assumption of structuralist descriptions (namely, that descriptions of behavior should be corrected and minimal) can be derived from more fundamental statements about the uncertainty of rule systems.
The correct description of nondeterministic behavior leads to an atomistic, analog alternative to structuralist (or rule-based) descriptions.
Traditional statistical tests are eliminated in favor of statistically equivalent decision rules that involve little or no mathematical calculation.
Analogical models, unlike, neural networks, directly account for probabilistic learning as well as reaction times in world-recognition experiments.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Skousen, R.

Fachgebiete

• Sozialwissenschaften Psychologie Allgemeine Psychologie Biologische Psychologie, Neuropsychologie
• Mathematik | Informatik Mathematik Stochastik Mathematische Statistik
• Mathematik | Informatik EDV | Informatik Informatik Künstliche Intelligenz Wissensbasierte Systeme, Expertensysteme
• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Sprachwissenschaften
• Interdisziplinäres Wissenschaften Wissenschaften: Forschung und Information Datenanalyse, Datenverarbeitung
• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Biowissenschaften Neurobiologie, Verhaltensbiologie
• Technische Wissenschaften Elektronik | Nachrichtentechnik Elektronik Robotik
• Mathematik | Informatik EDV | Informatik Informatik Künstliche Intelligenz Maschinelles Lernen

Inhaltsverzeichnis

I: Structuralist Descriptions.- 1: Measuring the Certainty of Probabilistic Rules.- 2: Systems of Rules.- 3: The Agreement Density for Continuous Rules.- 4: Maximum Likelihood Statistics.- 5: Optimal Descriptions.- 6: Simplest Descriptions.- 7: Preferred Derivations.- 8: Analyzing the Effect of a Variable.- II: Analogical Descriptions.- 9: Problems with Structuralist Descriptions.- 10: An Analogical Approach.- 11: A Natural Test for Homogeneity.- 12: Statistical Analogy.- 13: Defining Other Levels of Significance.- 14: Actual Examples.- 15: Analogical Analyses of Continuous Variables.- 16: Behavioral Factors.- Concluding Remarks: A Final Analogy.- References.