Buch, Englisch, 432 Seiten, Format (B × H): 239 mm x 160 mm, Gewicht: 726 g
Buch, Englisch, 432 Seiten, Format (B × H): 239 mm x 160 mm, Gewicht: 726 g
ISBN: 978-0-19-094051-5
Verlag: Oxford University Press Inc
The standard text in the field, Vold's Theoretical Criminology is universally known by scholars in the discipline. Taking a largely historical approach, it discusses both classic and contemporary theories, presenting historical context, empirical research, and policy implications for each one. The book concludes with a critical assessment of the state of theory in criminology.
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Weitere Infos & Material
- Preface
- Chapter 1. Theory and Crime
- Spiritual Explanations
- Natural Explanations
- Scientific Theories
- Causation in Scientific Theories
- Three Categories of Criminological Theories
- Key Terms
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 2. Theory and Policy in Context: The Great American Crime Decline
- Crime in the United States: The Past Half-Century
- Two Opposing Narratives of the Crime Wave
- Explaining the 1990s Decline
- The City That Became Safe
- Conclusions
- Key Terms
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 3. Classical Criminology
- The Social and Intellectual Background of Classical Criminology
- Beccaria and the Classical School
- The Neoclassical School
- From Classical Theory to Deterrence Research
- Nagin's Review of Deterrence Research
- Rational Choice and Offending
- Routine Activities and Victimization
- Focused Deterrence: Operation Ceasefire
- Conclusions
- Key Terms
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 4. Biological Factors and Criminal Behavior
- Background: Physical Appearance and Defectiveness
- Lombroso, the "Born Criminal," and Positivist Criminology
- Goring's Refutation of the "Born Criminal"
- Body Type Theories
- Family Studies
- Early Twin and Adoption Studies
- MAOA: The "Warrior" Gene
- Hormones
- The Central Nervous System
- The Autonomic Nervous System
- Environmentally Induced Biological Components of Behavior
- Epigenetics and the Role of Heritability Studies in Biosocial Criminology
- Implications and Conclusions
- Key Terms
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 5. Psychological Factors and Criminal Behavior
- Intelligence and Crime: Background Ideas and Concepts
- IQ Tests and Criminal Behavior
- Delinquency, Race, and IQ
- Interpreting the Association Between Delinquency and IQ
- Personality and Criminal Behavior-Sigmund Freud and Psychoanalysis
- Research Using Personality Tests
- Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Clinical Prediction of Future Dangerousness
- Actuarial Prediction of Later Crime and Delinquency
- Depression and Delinquency
- Impulsivity and Crime
- Moffitt's Life-Course-Persistent Offenders
- Policy Implications of Personality Research
- Conclusions
- Key Terms
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 6. Durkheim, Anomie, and Modernization
- Emile Durkheim
- Crime as Normal in Mechanical Societies
- Anomie as a Pathological State in Organic Societies
- Durkheim's Theory of Crime
- Conclusion
- Key Terms
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 7. Strain Theories
- Robert K. Merton and Anomie in American Society
- Cohen's Middle Class "Measuring Rod"
- Cloward and Ohlin's Typology of Gangs
- 1960s Strain-Based Policies
- The Decline and Resurgence of Strain Theories
- Agnew's General Strain Theory
- Messner and Rosenfeld's Institutional Anomie Theory
- Conclusion
- Key Terms
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 8. Neighborhoods and Crime
- The Theory of Human Ecology
- Research in the "Delinquency Areas" of Chicago
- Policy Implications
- Residential Succession, Social Disorganization, and Crime
- Sampson's Theory of Collective Efficacy
- Crime in Public Housing
- Social Disorganization and Crime in Rural Areas
- Expanding Interest in Neighborhood Social Processes
- Implications and Conclusions
- Key Terms
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 9. Learning Theories
- Basic Psychological Approaches to Learning
- Tarde's Laws of Imitation and Bandura's Social Learning Theory
- Sutherland's Differential Association Theory
- Research Testing Sutherland's Theory
- The Content of Learning: Cultural and Subcultural Theories
- The Learning Process: Akers's Social Learning Theory
- Assessing Social Learning Theory
- Athens's Theory of "Violentization"
- Katz's Seductions of Crime
- Labeling Theories
- Implications
- Conclusions
- Key Terms
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 10. Control Theories
- Early Control Theories: Reiss to Nye
- Matza's Delinquency and Drift
- Hirschi's Social Control Theory
- Assessing Social Control Theory
- Gottfredson and Hirschi's A General Theory of Crime
- Assessing Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory
- Implications and Conclusions
- Key Terms
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 11. CONflict CrIminology
- Early Conflict Theories: Sellin and Vold
- Conflict Theories in a Time of Conflict: Turk, Quinney, and Chambliss and Seidman
- Black's Theory of the Behavior of Law
- A Unified Conflict Theory of Crime
- Testing Conflict Criminology
- Minority Threat Theory
- The Processing of Individuals Through the Justice System
- Implications and Conclusions
- Key Terms
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 12. Marxist, Postmodern, and Green Criminology
- Overview of Marx's Theory
- Marx on Crime, Criminal Law, and Criminal Justice
- The Emergence of Marxist Criminology
- Marxist Theory and Research on Crime
- Overview of Postmodernism
- Postmodern Criminology
- Green Criminology
- Conclusion
- Key Terms
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 13. Gender and Crime
- The Development of Feminist Criminology
- Schools of Feminist Criminology
- Gender in Criminology
- Why Are Women's Crime Rates So Low?
- Why Are Men's Crime Rates So High?
- The Narrowing of the Gender Gap in Violence
- Conclusions
- Key Terms
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 14. Developmental and Life-Course Theories
- The Great Debate: Criminal Careers, Longitudinal Research, and the Relationship Between Age and Crime
- Criminal Propensity Versus Criminal Career
- The Transition to Developmental Criminology
- Three Developmental Directions
- Thornberry's Interactional Theory
- Sampson and Laub's Age-Graded Theory of Informal Social Control
- Tremblay's Developmental Origins of Physical Aggression
- Future Directions in Developmental and Life-Course Criminology
- Conclusions
- Key Terms
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 15. Integrated Theories
- Elliott's Integrated Theory of Delinquency and Drug Use
- The Falsification Versus Integration Debate
- Braithwaite's Theory of Reintegrative Shaming
- Tittle's Control Balance Theory
- Differential Social Support and Coercion Theory
- Bernard and Snipes's Approach to Integrating Criminology Theories
- Agnew's General Theory
- Robinson's Integrated Systems Theory
- Conclusion
- Key Terms
- Discussion Questions
- Conclusion
- Index
