Environmental Soil Chemistry

2. Auflage 2002
ISBN: 978-1-4933-0196-6
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Technology

Buch, Englisch, 352 Seiten

Environmental Soil Chemistry illustrates fundamental principles of soil chemistry with respect to environmental reactions between soils and other natural materials and heavy metals, pesticides, industrial contaminants, acid rain, and salts. Timely and comprehensive discussions of applications to real-world environmental concerns are a central focus of this established text.

Provides students with both sound contemporary training in the basics of soil chemistry and applications to real-world environmental concerns
Timely and comprehensive discussion of important concepts including: sorption/desorption, oxidation-reduction of metals and organics, and effects of acidic deposition and salinity on contaminant reacions
Boxed sections focus on sample problems and explanations of key terms and parameters
Extensive tables on elemental composition of soils, rocks and sediments, pesticide classes, inorganic minerals, and methods of decontaminating soils
Clearly written for all students and professionals in environmental science and environmental engineering as well as soil science

Zielgruppe

Upper level undergraduate and graduate students, researchers and professionals, in environmental soil science, environmental and agricultural engineering, marine studies, and geochemistry.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Sparks, Donald L

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Environmental Soil Chemistry: An Overview:
Evolution of Soil Chemistry.
The Modern Environmental Movement.
Contaminants in Waters and Soils.
Case Study of Pollution of Soils and Waters.
Soil Decontamination.
Inorganic Soil Components:
Pauling's Rules.
Primary Soil Minerals.
Secondary Soil Minerals.
Specific Surface of Soil Minerals.
Surface Charge of Soil Minerals.
Identification of Minerals by X-Ray Diffraction Analyses.
Use of Clay Minerals to Retain Organic Contaminants.
Chemistry of Soil Organic Matter:
Effects of Soil Formation Factors on SOM Contents.
Composition of SOM. Fractionation of SOM.
SOM Structure.
Functional Groups and Charge Characteristics.
Humic Substance-Metal Interactions.
SOM-Clay Complexes.
Retention of Pesticides and Other Organic Substances by Humic Substances.
Soil Solution-Solid Phase Equilibria:
Measurement of the Soil Solution. Speciation of the Soil Solution.
Ion Activity and Activity Coefficients.
Dissolution and Solubility Processes.
Sorption Phenomena on Soils:
Introduction and Terminology.
Surface Functional Groups.
Surface Complexes.
Adsorption Isotherms.
Equilibrium-Based Adsorption Models.
Surface Precipitation.
Sorption of Metal Cations.
Sorption of Anions.
Points of Zero Charge.
Desorption.
Use of Spectroscopic and Microscopic Methods in Determining Mechanisms for Sorption-Desorption Phenomena.

Über Autor(innen)

Sparks, Donald L
Donald L. Sparks is the S. Hallock du Pont Chair in Soil and Environmental Chemistry, Francis Alison Professor and Director of the Delaware Environmental Institute at the University of Delaware. He is internationally recognized for his landmark research on the kinetics and mechanisms of metal/oxyanion/nutrient reactions at biogeochemical interfaces. His pioneering studies on kinetic processes in soils and minerals include the development of widely used and novel kinetic methods, elucidation of rate-limiting steps and mechanisms over a range of spatial and temporal scales, and coupling of real-time kinetic studies with in-situ molecular scale investigations. His discoveries on the speciation, formation rates and stability mechanisms of metal hydroxide surface precipitates, and their role in the retention and bioavailability of toxic metals in the terrestrial environment, have received worldwide attention. This research has led to more effective soil remediation strategies and predictive models.

He is the author or coauthor of 286 publications. These include: 11 edited books, 53 book chapters, and 219 refereed papers. He is the author of two widely adopted textbooks, Kinetics of Soil Chemical Processes and Environmental Soil Chemistry (two editions) published by Academic Press. Dr. Sparks is an ISI Highly Cited Researcher; his research has been cited more than 8380 times and his h-index is 53 (Web of Science). Dr. Sparks has served as editor of Advances in Agronomy since 1991, having edited 77 volumes. He has given over 200 invited presentations at scientific conferences throughout the world, and been a lecturer at 98 universities and institutes in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia.

He has received numerous honors and awards including Fellow of five scientific societies, national and international research awards, distinguished fellowships and lectureships, and teaching and mentoring awards. He has advised 90 graduate students and postdoctoral researchers and been the recipient of more than $50 million in research funding. He served as President of both the Soil Science Society of America and the International Union of Soil Sciences.