Ethical Challenges in the Behavioral and Brain Sciences

Erscheinungsjahr 2015
ISBN: 978-1-107-67170-6
Verlag: Cambridge University Press

Buch, Englisch, 245 Seiten, Format (B × H): 152 mm x 229 mm, Gewicht: 365 g

In recent years, a growing number of scientific careers have been brought down by scientists' failure to satisfactorily confront ethical challenges. Scientists need to learn early on what constitutes acceptable ethical behavior in their professions. Ethical Challenges in the Behavioral and Brain Sciences encourages readers to engage in discussions of the diverse ethical dilemmas encountered by behavioral and brain scientists - allowing scientists to reflect on ethical issues before potentially confronting them. Each chapter is authored by a prominent scientist, who describes a dilemma, how it was resolved, and what the scientist would do differently if confronted with the situation again. Featuring commentary throughout and a culmination of opinions and experiences shared by leaders in the field, the goal of this book is not to provide 'correct' answers to real-world ethical dilemmas. Instead, authors pose the dilemmas, discuss their experiences and viewpoints on them, and speculate on alternative reactions to the issues.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Sternberg, Robert J.

Fiske, Susan Tufts

Fachgebiete

• Geisteswissenschaften Philosophie Angewandte Ethik & Soziale Verantwortung Wissenschaftsethik, Technikethik
• Sozialwissenschaften Psychologie Psychologie / Allgemeines & Theorie Psychologie: Allgemeines
• Geisteswissenschaften Philosophie Ethik, Moralphilosophie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Part I. Academic Cheating: 1. Beyond the immediate: academic dishonesty, part II; 2. Collaboration, cheating, or both?; 3. Grappling with student plagiarism; Part II. Academic Excuses and Fairness: 4. The compassionate instructor doesn't always award extra credit; 5. An ethical dilemma in teaching; 6. Potential sabotage by a disgruntled colleague; 7. Grading and the 'fairness doctrine'; 8. Managing and responding to requests by students seeking to improve their achievement-related outcomes; 9. Sometimes, is something of greater importance than the truth?; Part III. Authorship and Credit: 10. An ethical dilemma in publishing; 11. What does authorship mean?; 12. The ethical use of published scales; 13. Idea poaching behind the veil of blinded peer review; 14. An ethical challenge; 15. Authorship: credit where credit's due; 16. Publication of student data when the student cannot be contacted; 17. Ethics in research: interactions between junior and senior scientists; 18. Resolving ethical lapses in the non-publication of dissertations; 19. Theft; 20. Claiming the ownership of someone else's idea; Part IV. Confidentiality's Limits: 21. Ethics in service; 22. Protecting confidentiality in a study of adolescents' digital communication; Part V. Data Analysis, Reporting and Sharing: 23. Clawing back a promising paper; 24. When the data and theory don't match; 25. Desperate data analysis by a desperate job candidate; 26. Own your errors; 27. Caution in data sharing; 28. The conflict entailed in using a post hoc theory to organize a research report; Part VI. Designing Research: 29. Complete or incomplete, that is the question: an ethics adventure in experimental design; 30. 'Getting it right' can also be wrong; Part VII. Fabricating Data: 31. Beware the serial collaborator; 32. My ethical dilemma; 33. Data not to trust; 34. When a research assistant (maybe) fabricates data; 35. The pattern in the data; 36. It is never as simple as it seems: the wide-ranging impacts of ethics violations; Part VIII. Human Subjects: 37. Ethical considerations when conducting research on children's eyewitness abilities; 38. Studying harm-doing without doing harm: the case of the BBC prison study, the Stanford prison experiment, and the role-conformity model of tyranny; 39. Observational research, prediction and ethics: an early-career dilemma; 40. Should we tell the parents? Balancing science and children's needs in a longitudinal study; 41. Ethics in human subjects research in Brazil: working with victims of sexual violence; 42. Honesty in scientific study; 43. Ethically questionable research; Part IX. Personnel Decisions: 44. Culture, fellowship opportunities and ethical issues for decision makers; 45. Balancing profession with ego: the frailty of tenure decisions; 46. Fidelity and responsibility in leadership: what should we expect (of ourselves)?; 47. To thine own self be true; 48. When things go bad…; Part X. Reviewing and Editing: 49. The ethics of repeat reviewing of journal manuscripts; 50. Bias in the review process; 51. The Rind et al. (1998) affair: later reflections; 52. Me, myself and a third party; Part XI. Science for Hire and Conflict of Interest: 53. The power of industry (money) in influencing science; 54. The impact of personal expectations and biases in preparing expert testimony; 55. The fragility of truth in expert testimony; 56. A surprising request from a grant monitor; 57. Who pays the piper calls the tune: a case of documenting funding sources; 58. How to protect scientific integrity under social and political pressure: applied daycare research between science and policy.

Über Autor(innen)

Fiske, Susan Tufts
Susan T. Fiske is president of the Federation of Associations in Behavioral and Brain Sciences. She has been a professor at Carnegie Mellon University, the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and currently, Princeton University. She is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences and a former president of the Association for Psychological Science.

Sternberg, Robert J.
Robert J. Sternberg is past-president of the Federation of Associations in Behavioral and Brain Sciences. He has been a professor at Yale University, Tufts University, Oklahoma State University, the University of Wyoming, and currently, Cornell University. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Education and a former president of the American Psychological Association.