Buch, Englisch, 768 Seiten, Format (B × H): 188 mm x 226 mm, Gewicht: 1157 g
Principles, Issues, and Cases
Buch, Englisch, 768 Seiten, Format (B × H): 188 mm x 226 mm, Gewicht: 1157 g
ISBN: 978-0-19-779482-1
Verlag: Oxford University Press
Bioethics: Principles, Issues, and Cases explores the philosophical, medical, social, and legal aspects of key bioethical issues. Opening with a thorough introduction to ethics, bioethics, and moral reasoning, it then covers influential moral theories and the criteria for evaluating them. Integrating eighty-nine readings, numerous classic bioethical cases, and abundant pedagogical tools, this text addresses the most provocative and controversial topics in bioethics.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
Weitere Infos & Material
- Contents
- Preface
- Part 1. Principles and Theories
- Chapter 1 Moral Reasoning in Bioethics
- I. Ethics and Bioethics
- II. Ethics and the Moral Life
- In Depth: Morality and the Law
- III. Moral Principles in Bioethics
- Autonomy
- Nonmaleficence
- Beneficence
- Utility
- Justice
- IV. Ethical Relativism
- In Depth: Anthropology and Moral Diversity
- V. Ethics and Religion
- VI. Moral Arguments
- Argument Fundamentals
- Patterns of Moral Arguments
- Review: Valid and Invalid Argument Forms
- In Depth: Fallacies in Moral Reasoning
- Evaluating Premises
- Assessing Whole Arguments
- VII. Obstacles to Critical Reasoning
- Denying Contrary Evidence
- Looking for Confirming Evidence
- Motivated Reasoning
- Preferring Available Evidence
- The Dunning-Kruger Effect
- VIII. Key Terms
- IX. Summary
- X. Argument Exercises
- XI. Further Reading
- XII. Notes
- Chapter 2 bioethics and moral theories
- I. The Nature of Moral Theories
- II. Influential Moral Theories
- Utilitarianism
- In Depth: Utilitarianism and the Golden Rule
- Kantian Ethics
- Natural Law Theory
- Rawls's Contract Theory
- Virtue Ethics
- In Depth: Can Virtue Be Taught?
- The Ethics of Care
- Feminist Ethics
- Casuistry
- III. Criteria for Judging Moral Theories
- Review: Evaluating Moral Theories: Criteria of Adequacy
- IV. Applying the Criteria
- Utilitarianism
- Kant's Theory
- V. Principlism: A Framework for Deciding What's Right
- Moral Common Sense
- Prima Facie Principles
- Three Rules
- How to Decide
- Resolving Cases
- VI. Key Terms
- VII. Summary
- VIII. Further Reading
- IX. Notes
- Readings
- "Utilitarianism," John Stuart Mill
- "The Moral Law," Immanuel Kant
- Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle
- "The Need for More Than Justice," Annette C. Baier
- "Moral Saints," Susan Wolf
- "What Makes Right Actions Right?" W.D. Ross
- Part 2. Medical Professional and Patient
- Chapter 3 paternalism and patient autonomy
- I. Shades of Autonomy and Paternalism
- II. Refusing Treatment
- In Depth: Physician Autonomy
- III. Futile Treatment
- Legal Brief: Advance Directives
- Legal Brief: Refusing Treatment for Children on Religious Grounds
- In Depth: CPR and DNR
- In Depth: Moral Conflicts in Nursing
- Classic Case File: Elizabeth Bouvia
- IV. Applying Major Theories
- V. Key Terms
- VI. Summary
- VII. Cases for Evaluation
- VIII. Further Reading
- IX. Notes
- Readings
- "Paternalism," Gerald Dworkin
- "The Refutation of Medical Paternalism," Alan Goldman
- "Why Doctors Should Intervene," Terrence F. Ackerman
- "Autonomy, Futility, and the Limits of Medicine," Robert L. Schwartz
- "Four Models of the Physician-Patient Relationship," Ezekiel J. Emanuel and Linda L. Emanuel
- "Confronting Death: Who Chooses, Who Controls? A Dialogue Between Dax Cowart and Robert Burt," Dax Cowart and Robert Burt
- Bouvia v. Superior Court, California Court of Appeal
- "Fundamental Elements of the Patient-Physician Relationship," AMA Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs
- Chapter 4 truth-telling and confidentiality
- I. Paternalism and Deception
- In Depth: Do Patients Want the Truth? Do Physicians Tell It?
- II. Confidential Truths
- Legal Brief: Confidentiality and a Duty to Warn
- In Depth: Truth-Telling and Cultural Diversity
- Classic Case File: Carlos R.
- III. Applying Major Theories
- IV. Key Terms
- V. Summary
- VI. Cases for Evaluation
- VII. Further Reading
- VIII. Notes
- Readings
- "On Telling Patients the Truth," Mack Lipkin
- "Is It Ever OK to Lie to Patients?" Shelly K. Schwartz
- "Why Privacy Is Important," James Rachels
- "Confidentiality in Medicine-A Decrepit Concept," Mark Siegler
- Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California, Supreme Court of California
- "Truth-Telling in the Setting of Cultural Differences and Incurable Pediatric Illness," Abby R. Rosenberg, Helene Starks, Yoram Unguru, et al.
- Chapter 5 informed consent
- I. Autonomy and Consent
- II. Conditions of Informed Consent
- In Depth: Decision-Making Capacity
- In Depth: Two Views of Informed Consent
- Legal Brief: Important Informed Consent Cases
- III. Applying Major Theories
- Classic Case File: Jerry Canterbury
- IV. Key Terms
- V. Summary
- VI. Cases for Evaluation
- VII. Further Reading
- VIII. Notes
- Readings
- "The Concept of Informed Consent," Ruth R. Faden and Tom L. Beauchamp
- "Informed Consent-Must It Remain a Fairy Tale?" Jay Katz
- "Transparency: Informed Consent in Primary Care," Howard Brody
- Canterbury v. Spence, United States Court of Appeals
- Chapter 6 human research
- I. The Science of Clinical Trials
- In Depth: The Tuskegee Tragedy
- II. Beneficence, Science, and Placebos
- III. Science and Informed Consent
- In Depth: Women in Clinical Trials
- IV. Research on the Vulnerable
- In Depth: Why Enter a Clinical Trial?
- V. Applying Major Theories
- VI. Key Terms
- VII. Summary
- Classic Case File: The UCLA Schizophrenia Study
- VIII. Cases for Evaluation
- IX. Further Reading
- X. Notes
- Readings
- The Nuremberg Code
- Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects, World Medical Association
- "The Belmont Report," The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research
- "Final Report: Human Radiation Experiments," Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments
- "Of Mice but Not Men: Problems of the Randomized Clinical Trial," Samuel Hellman and Deborah S. Hellman
- "A Response to a Purported Ethical Difficulty with Randomized Clinical Trials Involving Cancer Patients," Benjamin Freedman
- "Racism and Research: The Case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study," Allan M. Brandt
- "The Ethics of Clinical Research in the Third World," Marcia Angell
- "Ethical Issues in Clinical Trials in Developing Countries," Baruch Brody
- Part 3. Life and Death
- Chapter 7 Abortion
- I. Starting Point: The Basics
- Fact File: What the Data Say about U.S. Abortions
- II. The Legal Struggle
- In Depth: Abortions Performed Later in Pregnancy
- III. Moral Arguments
- In Depth: Does a Fetus Feel Pain?
- In Depth: Abortion Law Worldwide
- IV. Applying Major Theories
- V. Key Terms
- VI. Summary
- Classic Case File: Nancy Klein
- VII. Cases for Evaluation
- VIII. Further Reading
- IX. Notes
- Readings
- "A Defense of Abortion," Judith Jarvis Thomson
- "Why Abortion Is Immoral," Don Marquis
- "On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion," Mary Anne Warren
- "Abortion and the Concept of a Person," Jane English
- "Abortion,” Margaret Olivia Little
- "Abortion Through a Feminist Ethics Lens," Susan Sherwin
- "Abortion and the 'Interest View',” Bonnie Steinbock with Lewis Vaughn
- "As a Rule, Rape Exceptions for Abortion Don't Work," Samuel Dickman
- Chapter 8 Reproductive Technology
- I. In Vitro Fertilization
- Fact File: Assisted Reproduction
- In Depth: "Savior Siblings"
- II. Surrogacy
- In Depth: IVF and Children's Future Children
- III. Cloning
- In Depth: Cloning Time Line
- IV. Applying Major Theories
- V. Key Terms
- In Depth: Sherri Shepherd: How Surrogacy Can Go Wrong
- VI. Summary
- Classic Case File: Baby M
- VII. Cases for Evaluation
- VIII. Further Reading
- IX. Notes
- Readings
- "IVF: The Simple Case," Peter Singer
- "The Presumptive Primacy of Procreative Liberty," John A. Robertson
- "Surrogate Mothering: Exploitation or Empowerment?" Laura M. Purdy
- "Is Women's Labor a Commodity?" Elizabeth S. Anderson
- "Egg Donation and Commodification," Bonnie Steinbock
- "Cloning Human Beings: An Assessment of the Ethical Issues Pro and Con," Dan W. Brock
- "Instruction on Respect for Human Life in Its Origin and on the Dignity of Procreation," Congregation For the Doctrine of the Faith
- Chapter 9 genetic choices
- I. Genes and Genomes
- II. Genetic Testing
- III. Gene Therapy
- Fact File: Genetic Testing for Cancer Risk
- IV. Stem Cells
- Fact File: Recent Developments in Gene Therapy
- V. Applying Major Theories
- Classic Case File: The Kingsburys
- VI. Key Terms
- VII. Summary
- VIII. Cases for Evaluation
- IX. Further Reading
- X. Notes
- Readings
- "Genetics and Reproductive Risk: Can Having Children Be Immoral?" Laura M. Purdy
- "The Morality of Screening for Disability," Jeff McMahan
- "Genetic Dilemmas and the Child's Right to an Open Future," Dena S. Davis
- "Disowning Knowledge: Issues in Genetic Testing," Robert Wachbroit
- "The Non-Identity Problem and Genetic Harms-The Case of Wrongful Handicaps," Dan W. Brock
- "Is Gene Therapy a Form of Eugenics?" John Harris
- "Genetic Enhancement," Walter Glannon
- "Genetic Interventions and the Ethics of Enhancement of Human Beings," Julian Savulescu
- "Germ-Line Gene Therapy," LeRoy Walters and Julie Gage Palmer
- "What Does 'Respect for Embryos' Mean in the Context of Stem Cell Research?" Bonnie Steinbock
- Declaration on the Production and the Scientific and Therapeutic Use of Human Embryonic Stem Cells, Pontifical Academy for Life
- Chapter 10 euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide
- I. Deciding Life and Death
- Legal Brief: Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide: Major Developments
- In Depth: Assisted Suicide: What Do Doctors Think?
- II. Autonomy, Mercy, and Harm
- In Depth: Oregon's Death with Dignity Act
- In Depth: End-of-Life Decisions in the Netherlands
- III. Applying Major Theories
- In Depth: Physician-Assisted Suicide and Public Opinion
- Classic Case File: Nancy Cruzan
- IV. Key Terms
- V. Summary
- VI. Cases for Evaluation
- VII. Further Reading
- VIII. Notes
- Readings
- "Death and Dignity: A Case of Individualized Decision Making," Timothy E. Quill
- "Voluntary Active Euthanasia," Dan W. Brock
- "When Self-Determination Runs Amok," Daniel Callahan
- "Active and Passive Euthanasia," James Rachels
- "Dying at the Right Time: Reflections on (Un) Assisted Suicide," John Hardwig
- "The Philosophers' Brief,” Ronald Dworkin, Thomas Nagel, Robert Nozick, John Rawls, Thomas Scanlon, and Judith Jarvis Thomson
- "Legalizing Assisted Dying Is Dangerous for Disabled People," Liz Carr
- Vacco v. Quill, United States Supreme Court
- Part 4. Justice and Health Care
- Chapter 11 dividing up health care resources
- I. Health Care in Trouble
- Fact File: U.S. Health Care
- II. Theories of Justice
- In Depth: Comparing Health Care Systems: United States, Canada, and Germany
- III. A Right to Health Care
- In Depth: Public Health and Bioethics
- IV. The Ethics of Rationing
- Classic Case File: Christine deMeurers
- V. Key Terms
- VI. Summary
- VII. Cases for Evaluation
- VIII. Further Reading
- IX. Notes
- Readings
- "Is There a Right to Health Care and, If So, What Does It Encompass?," Norman Daniels
- "The Right to a Decent Minimum of Health Care," Allen E. Buchanan
- "Rights to Health Care, Social Justice, and Fairness in Health Care Allocations: Frustrations in the Face of Finitude," H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr.
- "Mirror, Mirror 2017: International Comparison Reflects Flaws and Opportunities for Better U.S. Health Care," Eric C. Schneider, Dana O. Sarnak, David Squires, et al.
- "Public Health Ethics: Mapping the Terrain," James F. Childress, Ruth R. Faden, Ruth D. Gaare, et al.
- "Human Rights Approach to Public Health Policy," D. Tarantola and S. Gruskin
- Chapter 12 race, racial bias, and health care
- I. Race and Racism
- Classic Case File: Henrietta Lacks
- II. Health Disparities and Race
- III. Implicit Bias in Health Care
- In Depth: Can Implicit Biases Be Changed?
- IV. Racial Profiling in Medicine
- V. Key Terms
- VI. Summary
- VII. Cases for Evaluation
- VIII. Further Reading
- IX. Notes
- READINGS
- "Racial Profiling in Medicine," Michael Root
- "Clinicians' Racial Bias as Pathways to Iatrogenic Harms for Black People," Keisha Ray
- "Algorithms Are Making Decisions About Health Care, Which May Only Worsen Medical Racism," Crystal Grant
- Chapter 13 DISABILITY ETHICS
- I. Disability Fictions
- In Depth: What Do Clinicians Owe Disabled People?
- II. What Is Disability?
- III. Disability and Justice
- IV. Key Terms
- V. Summary
- VI. Cases for Evaluation
- VII. Further Reading
- VIII. Notes
- Readings
- "Disability: Historical Overview," Adam Cureton and David Wasserman
- "An Open Letter to Medical Students: Down Syndrome, Paradox, and Medicine," George Estreich
- "Disability and Impairment," Jessica Begon
- Appendix
- Glossary
- Index
