Philosophy

The Quest for Truth
12. Auflage 2023
ISBN: 978-0-19-761281-1
Verlag: Oxford University Press

Buch, Englisch, 896 Seiten, Format (B × H): 192 mm x 235 mm, Gewicht: 1393 g

Praised for its unique combination of accessibility and comprehensiveness, Philosophy: The Quest for Truth, Twelfth Edition, provides a wide-ranging selection of classical and contemporary readings on key topics in philosophy. The text aims to provide students with a grand tour of the discipline, exposing them to some of the best work in philosophy of religion, epistemology, philosophy of mind, personal metaphysics, ethics, political philosophy, the meaning of life, and contemporary moral issues. The readings on each topic are arranged into pro/con dialogues, making it easy for students to compare and contrast different philosophical positions.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Vaughn, Lewis

Pojman, Louis

Fachgebiete

• Geisteswissenschaften Philosophie Philosophie: Allgemeines, Methoden

Inhaltsverzeichnis

- Preface

- Time Line

- I. What Is Philosophy?

- The Good of Philosophy

- Philosophical Terrain

- Thinking Philosophically

- Reasons and Arguments

- Fallacious Reasoning

- Identifying Arguments

- Obstacles to Critical Reasoning

- Some Applications

- Exercises in Critical Reasoning

- Study and Discussion Questions

- 1. Plato: Socratic Wisdom

- 2. Plato: The Allegory of the Cave

- 3. John Locke: Of Enthusiasm and the Quest for Truth

- 4. Bertrand Russell: The Value of Philosophy

- Key Terms

- Suggestions for Further Reading

- II. Philosophy of Religion

- Introduction

- II.A. Is Belief in God Rationally Justified? Arguments for the Existence of God

- The Cosmological Argument

- Pro

- 5. Thomas Aquinas: The Five Ways

- 6. William Lane Craig: The Kalam Cosmological Argument and the Anthropic Principle

- Contra

- 7. Paul Edwards: A Critique of the Cosmological Argument

- The Teleological Argument

- Pro

- 8. William Paley: The Watch and the Watchmaker

- Contra

- 9. David Hume: A Critique of the Teleological Argument

- The Ontological Argument

- Pro et Contra

- 10. St. Anselm and Gaunilo: The Ontological Argument

- 11. William Rowe: An Analysis of the Ontological Argument

- II.B. Why Is There Evil?

- 12. Fyodor Dostoevsky: Why Is There Evil?

- 13. B. C. Johnson: Why Doesn't God Intervene to Prevent Evil?

- 14. John Hick: There Is a Reason Why God Allows Evil

- 15. William L. Rowe: The Problem of Evil and Some Varieties of Atheism

- II.C. Is Faith Compatible with Reason?

- 16. Blaise Pascal: Yes, Faith Is a Logical Bet

- 17. W. K. Clifford: The Ethics of Belief

- 18. William James: The Will to Believe

- 19. Alvin Plantinga: Religious Belief Without Evidence

- 20. Michael Martin: Faith and Foundationalism

- 21. Søren Kierkegaard: Faith and Truth

- 22. Bertrand Russell: Can Religion Cure Our Troubles?

- Key Terms

- Suggestions for Further Reading

- III. Knowledge

- Introduction

- III.A. What Can We Know? Classical Theories of Knowledge

- 23. René Descartes: Cartesian Doubt and the Search for Foundational Knowledge

- 24. John Locke: The Empiricist Theory of Knowledge

- 25. George Berkeley: An Idealist Theory of Knowledge

- 26. David Hume: The Origin of Our Ideas

- 27. G. E. Moore: Proof of an External World

- III.B. Truth, Rationality, and Cognitive Relativism

- 28. Bertrand Russell: The Correspondence Theory of Truth

- 29. William James: The Pragmatic Theory of Truth

- 30. Richard Rorty: Dismantling Truth: Solidarity Versus Objectivity

- 31. Daniel Dennett: Postmodernism and Truth

- III.C. Feminist Perspectives on Knowledge

- 32. Eve Browning Cole: Philosophy and Feminist Criticism

- 33. Alison Ainley: Feminist Philosophy

- 34. Louise Antony: Embodiment and Epistemology

- III.D. Induction

- 35. David Hume: Skeptical Doubts Concerning the Operations of the Understanding

- 36. Wesley C. Salmon: The Problem of Induction

- Key Terms

- Suggestions for Further Reading

- IV. Philosophy of Mind: The Mind-Body Problem

- Introduction

- IV.A. What Am I? A Mind or a Body?

- 37. René Descartes: Substance Dualism

- 38. Gilbert Ryle: Exorcising Descartes' "Ghost in the Machine"

- 39. J. P. Moreland: A Contemporary Defense of Dualism

- 40. Paul Churchland: On Functionalism and Materialism

- 41. J. J. C. Smart: Sensations and Brain Processes

- 42. Thomas Nagel: What Is It Like to Be a Bat?

- 43. Jerry A. Fodor: The Mind-Body Problem

- 44. David Chalmers: Property Dualism

- 45. John Searle: Minds, Brains, and Computers

- 46. Ned Block: Troubles with Functionalism

- IV.B. Who Am I? Do We Have Personal Identity?

- 47. John Locke: Our Psychological Properties Define the Self

- 48. David Hume: We Have No Substantial Self with Which We Are Identical

- Key Terms

- Suggestions for Further Reading

- V. Freedom of the Will and Determinism

- Introduction

- Contra

- 49. Baron d'Holbach: We Are Completely Determined

- Pro

- 50. William James: The Dilemma of Determinism

- 51. Roderick M. Chisholm: Human Freedom and the Self

- Pro et Contra

- 52. Harry Frankfurt: Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person

- 53. David Hume: Liberty and Necessity

- 54. W. T. Stace: Compatibilism

- Key Terms

- Suggestions for Further Reading

- VI. Ethics

- Introduction

- VI.A. Are There Objective Moral Truths or Is Morality Relative?

- 55. Ruth Benedict: Morality Is Relative

- 56. James Rachels: Morality Is Not Relative

- VI.B. Ethics and Egoism: Why Should We Be Moral?

- 57. Plato: Why Should I Be Moral? Gyges' Ring and Socrates' Dilemma

- 58. Louis P. Pojman: Egoism and Altruism: A Critique of Ayn Rand

- 59. Joel Feinberg: Psychological Egoism

- VI.C. Which Is the Correct Ethical Theory?

- 60. Immanuel Kant: The Moral Law

- 61. John Stuart Mill: Utilitarianism

- 62. Russ Shafer-Landau: Consequentialism: Its Difficulties

- 63. Aristotle: The Ethics of Virtue 520

- 64. Virginia Held: The Ethics of Care

- 65. Alison M. Jaggar: Feminist Ethics

- 66. Annette C. Baier: The Need for More Than Justice

- 67. Lewis Vaughn: Morality Based on Prima Facie Principles

- 68. Jean-Paul Sartre: Existentialist Ethics

- 69. James Rachels: The Divine Command Theory

- 70. Thomas Nagel: Moral Luck

- 71. Susan Wolf: Moral Saints

- Key Terms

- Suggestions for Further Reading

- VII. Political Philosophy and Justice

- Introduction

- VII.A. What Is the Most Just Form of Government?

- 72. Robert Paul Wolff: In Defense of Anarchism

- 73. Thomas Hobbes: The Absolutist Answer: The Justification of the State Is the Security It Affords

- 74. John Locke: The Democratic Answer: The Justification of the State Is Its Promotion of Security and Natural Human Rights

- 75. John Stuart Mill: A Classical Liberal Answer: Government Must Promote Freedom

- 76. John Rawls: The Contemporary Liberal Answer

- 77. Robert Nozick: Against Liberalism

- VII.B. What Is Social Justice?

- 78. Martin Luther King Jr.: Nonviolence and Racial Justice

- 79. Susan Moller Okin: Justice, Gender, and the Family

- 80. Mary Wollstonecraft: A Vindication of the Rights of Women

- Key Terms

- Suggestions for Further Reading

- VIII. What Is the Meaning of Life?

- Introduction

- 81. Epicurus: Moderate Hedonism

- 82. Epictetus: Stoicism: Enchiridion

- 83. Albert Camus: Life Is Absurd

- 84. Julian Baggini: Living Life Forwards

- 85. John Messerly: The Ascent of Meaning

- 86. Thomas Nagel: The Absurd

- 87. Richard Taylor: The Meaning of Life

- 88. Susan Wolf: Meaning in Life

- Suggestions for Further Reading

- IX. Contemporary Moral Problems

- Introduction

- IX.A. Is Abortion Morally Permissible?

- Contra

- 89. Don Marquis: Why Abortion Is Immoral

- 90. Francis J. Beckwith: Arguments from Bodily Rights

- Pro

- 91. Mary Anne Warren: On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion

- 92. Judith Jarvis Thomson: A Defense of Abortion

- Pro et Contra

- 93. Jane English: The Moderate Position: Beyond the Personhood Argument

- IX.B. Free Speech and Hate Speech

- 94. Sigal R. Ben-Porath: Free Speech on Campus

- 95. Erwin Chemerinsky and Howard Gillman: Hate Speech

- IX.C. Who Is a Racist?

- 96. Lawrence Blum: "Racism": Its Core Meaning

- 97. Kwame Anthony Appiah: Racisms

- IX.D. The Ethics of Climate Change

- 98. Stephen M. Gardiner: A Perfect Moral Storm: Climate Change

- 99. John Broome: The Public and Private Morality of Climate Change

- Suggestions for Further Reading

- Appendix:

- The Truth about Philosophy Majors

- How to Read and Write Philosophy Papers

- Glossary

Über Autor(innen)

Lewis Vaughn is the author or coauthor of several textbooks, including Bioethics (2019); The Power of Critical Thinking, Sixth Edition (2018); Philosophy Here and Now, Third Edition (2018); Writing Philosophy, Second Edition (2018); and Living Philosophy, Second Edition (2017).

The late Louis P. Pojman was Professor of Philosophy at the United States Military Academy at West Point and the author, editor, or coeditor of more than twenty books.