Buch, Englisch, 256 Seiten, Format (B × H): 158 mm x 238 mm, Gewicht: 488 g
Buch, Englisch, 256 Seiten, Format (B × H): 158 mm x 238 mm, Gewicht: 488 g
ISBN: 978-1-394-33409-4
Verlag: John Wiley & Sons Inc
Master energy storage system design for electric vehicles
Electric vehicles face urgent challenges including high battery costs, slow charging infrastructure, and battery management risks. Principles of Electric Energy Storage Systems for E-Mobility provides engineers and students with comprehensive guidance on designing energy storage systems for transportation electrification applications. Written by Sheldon Williamson, an NSERC Canada Research Chair, this textbook connects academic research with practical product development.
The book covers lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and emerging technologies including solid-state batteries and fuel cells. It explores electrical modeling, state estimation techniques, thermal management strategies, and battery sizing methodologies. Chapters address charging methods and international standards including CHAdeMO and CCS, along with second-life applications for grid storage systems. Vehicle-to-grid applications with related control algorithms are explored in depth.
The book also includes: - Detailed solved examples demonstrating battery capacity calculation, lifetime estimation, thermal modeling, battery cooling, and charging time analysis
- Comprehensive coverage of battery management system design including SOC, SOP, SOH, SOE, and RUL estimation techniques
- Practical guidance on supercapacitors and hybrid energy storage systems with comparative analysis against lithium-ion batteries
- Complete exploration of charging topologies from constant current-constant voltage to pulse charging with charger sizing examples
- In-depth discussion of second-life battery applications including economic benefits, technical challenges, and grid integration strategies
This book serves engineers, researchers, and graduate students working in electric vehicle development and energy storage. With case studies, real-world examples, and solved problems throughout, it provides the technical foundation and practical tools needed to design effective energy storage systems for electric transportation applications.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
Weitere Infos & Material
About the Authors xi
Preface xiii
1 Introduction to Electric Energy Storage Systems 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Advances in Battery Technologies 1
1.2.1 Battery Management and Charging Strategies 2
1.2.2 Vehicle-to-grid and Second-life Applications 3
1.3 Classification of Energy Storage Technologies 4
1.3.1 Chemical Energy Storage 6
1.3.2 Electrical Energy Storage 11
1.3.3 Electrochemical Energy Storage 13
1.3.4 Electromagnetic Energy Storage 20
1.3.5 Mechanical Energy Storage 22
1.3.6 Thermal Energy Storage 23
1.4 Hybrid Energy-storage Systems 24
1.5 Comparative Analysis and Applications 25
1.6 Challenges and Future Directions 26
1.7 Emerging Technologies: Looking Forward 28
2 Battery Fundamentals 35
2.1 Introduction 35
2.1.1 Historical Development of Battery Technology 35
2.1.2 Historical Development of Automotive Propulsion for EVs Early Development Stage (Late 1800–1930) 36
2.2 Different Battery Types 37
2.3 Construction 37
2.3.1 Lithium-ion Battery 37
2.4 Operating Principles 39
2.5 Internal Kinetics 40
2.6 Charging and Discharging Characteristics 41
2.7 Battery Management System 42
2.7.1 Battery Monitoring and State Estimation 42
2.7.2 Safety Management 42
2.7.3 Battery Performance Optimization 42
2.7.4 Longevity Enhancement 42
2.7.5 Thermal Management 42
2.7.6 Energy Efficiency 42
2.7.7 Communication and Control 43
2.7.8 Architecture of LIBs with BMS 43
2.7.9 Protection in BMS 43
2.7.10 Communication in BMS 43
2.7.11 Data Monitoring 45
2.7.12 CAN Bus Data Decoder 46
2.8 Introduction to Configurations and System Design Consideration 47
2.9 Battery Degradation 48
2.10 Characteristics and Performance of Lithium-ion Batteries 49
2.11 States of Battery 49
2.11.1 State of Charge 50
2.11.2 State of Power 50
2.11.3 State of Health 51
2.11.4 State of Temperature 51
2.11.5 State of Energy 52
2.11.6 Remaining Useful Life 52
2.12 Solved Examples on Calculating Battery Capacity, Estimation of Battery Lifetime 52
3 Alternative Energy-storage Devices: Supercapacitors and Fuel Cell 59
3.1 Introduction 59
3.2 Supercapacitors 60
3.2.1 Classical Modeling 61
3.3 Fuel Cells 67
3.3.1 Hydrogen/fuels 69
3.4 Fuel Cell Types 70
3.4.1 Polymer-electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells 71
3.4.2 Alkaline 72
3.4.3 Solid Oxide 74
3.4.4 Phosphoric Acid 74
3.4.5 Molten Carbonate 75Contents vii
3.5 Hybrid Systems 75
3.5.1 General Discussion 75
3.5.2 Battery/Supercapacitor 77
3.5.3 Battery/Fuel Cell 78
3.6 Conclusion 79
4 Electrical Circuit Modeling, State Estimation, and Battery Pack Design 83
4.1 Introduction 83
4.2 Battery Sizing 84
4.2.1 Key Parameters for Battery Sizing 85
4.2.2 Battery Capacity and Power Sizing Methodology 91
4.3 LIB States 94
4.3.1 State of charge 94
4.3.2 Depth of Discharge 103
4.3.3 State of Health 103
4.3.4 Remaining Useful Life 107
4.3.5 State of Temperature 108
4.4 Battery Thermal Management System 108
4.4.1 LIB Thermal Behavior 108
4.5 Thermal Management Techniques for EV Battery Packs 109
4.5.1 Lumped Thermal Modeling of Battery Packs 110
4.6 Battery Management Systems Design 114
5 Battery Charging Systems 121
5.1 Introduction 121
5.2 Fundamentals of Battery Charging 123
5.3 Charging Strategies 124
5.3.1 Constant Current-constant Voltage 124
5.3.2 Multistage Constant Current 126
5.3.3 Pulse Charging 128
5.3.4 Constant Temperature-constant Voltage charging 129
5.4 Charging Standards 130
5.5 Different Charging Levels: Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 (DC fast charging) 133
5.5.1 Level 1 Charging 134
5.5.2 Level 2 Charging 134
5.5.3 Level 3 Charging (DC Fast Charging) 135
5.6 Emerging EV Charging Approaches 135
5.7 Power-electronic Interfaces for Battery Charging 137
5.7.1 AC Charging Architecture (Levels 1 and 2) 138viii Contents
5.7.2 DC Fast Charging Architecture (Level 3) 139
5.8 Solved Examples of Battery Charging 139
5.9 Examples of Charging Time Estimation 139
5.9.1 Charging Time Required is Approximately 9.3 Hours 140
5.9.2 Examples on Temperature Rise During Charging 142
5.9.3 Examples of Charging Rate (C-rate) Determination 143
5.9.4 Examples on Charger Sizing 143
6 Second-life Applications of Retired Electric Vehicle Batteries 147
6.1 Introduction 147
6.2 Motivation, Challenges, and Value Proposition of Second-life Batteries 148
6.2.1 Why Second Life is Attractive from an Energy and Electrical Perspective 149
6.2.2 Key Technical Challenges: Heterogeneity, Uncertainty, and Bankability 149
6.2.3 Diagnostics, Grading, and Compliance Considerations 149
6.2.4 Value Proposition Across Environmental, Economic, and Grid Dimensions 150
6.3 Taxonomy of Second-life Applications 151
6.3.1 Classification by Mobility Level 151
6.3.2 Use Cases and Technical Requirements 152
6.3.3 Repurposing Level and Integration Implications 154
6.4 Performance Metrics of Second-life Applications 154
6.4.1 Technical Performance Metrics 155
6.4.2 Economic Performance Metrics 163
6.4.3 Environmental and Sustainability Performance Metrics 166
6.4.4 Reliability and Operational Performance Metrics 169
6.4.5 Application-specific Performance Metrics 171
6.4.6 Multicriteria Evaluation and Composite Index Development 173
6.5 Assessment and Testing of Retired EV Batteries 176
6.5.1 Second-life Battery SOH Estimation and Aging Models 177
6.5.2 Degradation Data from First Use 180
6.5.3 Screening, Sorting, and Repurposing 182
6.5.4 Safety and Regulatory Compliance Testing 183
6.6 Grading, Classification, and Application Matching 184
6.6.1 Purpose and Decision-gate Role 185
6.6.2 Grade A/B/C Logic and Thresholding 185
6.6.3 Capacity–Resistance Trade-offs and Power Capability 185
6.6.4 Mapping Grades to Second-life Applications 186
6.6.5 Interface with Techno-economic Assessment 187Contents ix
6.7 Deployment Domains and Case Studies for Second-life Batteries 187
6.7.1 Stationary Second-life Applications 187
6.7.2 Illustrative Lifetime Sensitivity Across Use Cases 191
6.7.3 Economic Note on Service Stacking 192
6.8 Future Trends and Innovations 192
6.8.1 Digital-twin-based Diagnostics and Health-aware Operation 193
6.8.2 AI-driven SOH and RUL Estimation Under Heterogeneity 194
6.8.3 Standardized Refurbishment and Integration Architectures 194
6.8.4 Service-based Business Models and Risk Allocation 195
6.8.5 Grid-interactive and Aggregated SLB Fleets 195
6.9 Conclusions and Outlook 196
6.10 Additional Solved Examples 196
7 Advanced Topics and Emerging Technologies 203
7.1 Introduction 203
7.2 Decentralized Energy Storage System 205
7.3 Major Components of Decentralized Energy Storage Systems 207
7.3.1 Energy Storage Medium 207
7.3.2 Power Conversion System (PCS) 207
7.3.3 Battery Management System (BMS) 209
7.3.4 Energy Management System (EMS) 209
7.3.5 Communication and Control Infrastructure 209
7.3.6 Protection, Safety, and Auxiliary Systems 210
7.4 Detailed Insights into Core Applications 210
7.4.1 Microgrids: Resilient Local Ecosystems 210
7.4.2 Virtual Power Plants (VPPs): Digital Power Stations 211
7.4.3 Prosumer Integration and Peer-to-peer (P2P) Trading 211
7.4.4 Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) Technology 211
7.5 Integration of Energy Storage with Renewable Energy Systems 212
7.6 Application of Energy Storage in Microgrids and Remote Areas 215
7.7 Integration of EVs into Grid 217
7.7.1 Technical Challenges of Large-scale EV Integration 220
7.7.2 Vehicle-to-grid Application 221
7.8 Vehicle-to-home Application 223
7.8.1 Control and Energy Management 224
7.8.2 Battery Degradation and User Considerations 224
7.8.3 Related Algorithms 224
8 Conclusions and Future Directions 229
8.1 Summary of Key Concepts 229
8.1.1 Fundamentals of Lithium-ion Batteries 229x Contents
8.1.2 Alternative Storage and Hybrid Systems 230
8.1.3 Modeling and State Estimation 230
8.1.4 Charging Systems and Infrastructure 230
8.2 Challenges and Opportunities in Electric Energy Storage 231
8.2.1 Degradation and Aging 231
8.2.2 Thermal Management and Safety 231
8.2.3 State Estimation Complexity 231
8.2.4 Grid Integration and Second-Life Applications 232
8.3 Future Directions in Energy Storage Research and Development 232
8.4 Concluding Remarks 233
Index 235
