TNM Supplement

A commentary on uniform use
4. Auflage 2012
ISBN: 978-1-4443-3243-8
Verlag: Wiley John + Sons

Buch, Englisch, 284 Seiten, Format (B × H): 154 mm x 234 mm, Gewicht: 475 g

The TNM Supplement, 4th Edition, includes new, detailed definitions of anatomical sites, regional lymph nodes, and TNM categories. It answers questions that frequently arise during daily use of the TNM system. Importantly, the TNM Supplement expands on the minimum requirements for pathological classification of individal tumour sites and enumerates the recommended criteria for each. Published in association with the Union for International Cancer Control, it provides oncologists with complementary material related to TNM staging not covered in TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours, 7th Edition.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Wittekind, Christian

Fachgebiete

• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizinische Fachgebiete Pathologie, Cytopathologie, Histopathologie
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Pflege Fachpflege
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Chirurgie Onkologische Chirurgie
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Klinische und Innere Medizin Onkologie, Krebsforschung

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preface

Organizations associated with the TNM System

National Committees

Acknowledgments

Abbreviations

Chapter 1 EXPLANATORY NOTES - General

The General Rules of the TNM System

General Rule No. 1

General Rule No. 2

General Rule No. 3

General Rule No. 4

General Rule No. 5

The TNM Clinical and Pathological Classifications

T/pT Classification

Regional Lymph Nodes

N/pN Classification

Sentinel Lymph Node

M Classification

Who Is Responsible for TNM Coding?

The Significance of X

Stage Grouping

Residual Tumour (R) Classification

Additional Descriptors

m symbol

y symbol

r symbol, recurrent tumour

a symbol

L Classification

V Classification

Pn Perineural invasion

Symbols for describing methods of staging

Unknown primary

Staging of Tumours for Which No TNM Classification Is Provided

Histopathological Grading

References

Chapter 2 EXPLANATORY NOTES - Specific anatomical sites

Head and Neck Tumours

General

Anatomy

Extension to Adjacent Sites

Regional Lymph Nodes

T Classification

N Classification

Lip and Oral Cavity

Lip

Oral Cavity

Pharynx

Oropharynx

Nasopharynx

Hypopharynx

Larynx

Anatomical Definitions

Superior and Inferior Boundaries of the Glottis

Pathological Criteria of Impaired Vocal Cord

Mobility or Vocal Cord Fixation Associated Carcinoma in situ

Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses

Salivary Glands

Thyroid

Digestive System Tumours

Rules for Classification

Oesophagus

Stomach

Anatomy

Regional Lymph Nodes

T Classification

Small intestine

Colon and Rectum

Anatomical Sites arid Subsites

Local Recurrence

Regional Lymph Nodes

T/pT Classification

N/pN Classification

M Classification

Anal Canal

Rules for Classification

T Classification

Liver

Rules for Classification

Regional Lymph Nodes

T/pT Classification

Gallbladder

Extrahepatic Bile Ducts

Anatomical Subsites

Ampulla of Vater

Pancreas

T Classification

Regional Lymph Nodes

Lung

Rules for classification

T Classification

M Classification

Small Cell Carcinoma

Pleural Mesothelioma

Bone Tumours and Soft Tissue Tumours

Skin Tumours

Carcinoma of Skin

Carcinoma of eyelid of skin

Malignant Melanoma of Skin

Rules for Classification

pT Classification of Malignant Melanoma

N Classification

Merkel cell carcinoma of skin

Breast Tumours

Rules for Classification

Regional Lymph Nodes

T Classification

N/pN Classification

Gynaecological Tumours

Vulva

Vagina

Cervix Uteri

Corpus Uteri

Grading

Ovary

N Classification

M Classification

Fallopian Tube

Gestational Trophohlastic Tumours

Urological Tumours

Penis

Prostate

T Classification

Testis

Kidney

Renal Pelvis and Ureter

Urinary Bladder

Recurrent Carcinoma after Cystectomy and Ureterosigmoidostomy

Urethra

Ophthalmic Tumours

Carcinoma of Eyelid

Carcinoma of Conjunctiva

Malignant Melanoma of Conjunctiva

Uvea Malignant Melanoma

Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas

Appendix

References

Chapter 3 Site-Specific Requirements for pT and pN

Introduction

Head and Neck Tumours

pT - Primary Tumour

pN - Regional Lymph Nodes

Thyroid Gland

Digestive System Tumours

pT - Primary Tumour

pN - Regional Lymph Nodes

Lung and Pleural Tumours

pT - Primary Tumour

pN -Regional Lymph Nodes

Tumours of Bone and Soft Tissues

pT - Primary Tumour

pN - Regional Lymph Nodes

Skin Tumours

pT- Primary Tumour

pN - Regional Lymph Nodes

Breast Tumours

pT - Primary Tumour

pN - Regional Lymph Nodes

Gynaecological Tumours

pT - Primary Tumour

pN - Regional Lymph Nodes

Urological Tumours

pT - Primary Tumour

pN - Regional Lymph Nodes

Ophthalmic Tumours

pT - Primary Tumour

pN - Regional Lymph nodes

Hodgkin Lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

References

Chapter 4 New TNM Classifications Recommended for Testing

Introduction

General

Pn - Perineural invasion

Specific

Gastrointestinal Sarcomas

Malignant Thymic epithelial tumours

Cranial and Facial Bones

Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (Excluding Lip, Eyelid, Vulva and Penis)

Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia

Primary Liver Carcinoma in Infants and Children

Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma

Liver Metastasis of Colorectal Carcinoma

Gastrointestinal Malignant Lymphomas

References

Chapter 5 Optional Proposals for Testing New Telescopic Ramifications of TNM

All tumour sites

Fixation of Lymph Nodes

Markers of Residual Tumour

Head and Neck Tumours

Thyroid Gland

T Classification

Digestive System Tumours

M Classification

Oesophagus

T Classification

N Classification

Stomach

T Classification

N Classification

Colon and Rectum

pT Classification

Liver

N Classification

Lung Tumours

M Classification

Stage Grouping of Lung Tumours

Tumours of Bone and Soft Tissues

Bone

T Classification

Skin Tumours

Carcinoma of Skin

T Classification

Gynaecological Tumours

Cervix Uteri

N Classification

M Classification

Urological Tumours

Penis

T Classification

Prostate

T Classification

M Classification

Kidney

T Classification

References

Chapter 6 Frequently Asked Questions

General Questions

In Situ Carcinoma

Clinical and Pathological Stage

R Classification

R Classification and Tis

Positive Cytology

T0 and TX

Synchronous Tumours

Single Tumour Cells and Micrometastasis in Lymph Nodes

Number of Lymph Nodes

Pathological Assessment of Distant Metastasis

Classification of Brain Tumours

Classification of Primary Peritoneal Neoplasms

Pathological versus Clinical TNM

When in Doubt

Tumour Cells in Lymphatics

Tumour Spillage

Simultaneous Tumours

Direct Spread

N versus M

Unknown Primary

MCC versus U ICC TNM

Sentinel Lymph Node

Site Specific Questions

Larynx

Oesophagus

Colon and Rectum

Lung

Breast

Corpus uteri

Ovary versus Uterus

Ovary

Prostate

Kidney

Bladder

References