Aadnoy / Looyeh Petroleum Rock Mechanics

Drilling Operations and Well Design
1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-0-12-385547-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 376 Seiten

Petroleum Rock Mechanics: Drilling Operations and Well Design covers the fundamentals of solid mechanics and petroleum rock mechanics and their application to oil and gas-related drilling operations and well design. More specifically, it examines the role of formation, strength of rock materials, and wellbore mechanics, along with the impact of in-situ stress changes on wellbore and borehole behavior. Practical examples with solutions and a comprehensive glossary of terminologies are provided. Equations are incorporated into well-known failure criteria to predict stresses and to analyze a range of failure scenarios throughout drilling, well operation, and well completion processes. The book also discusses stress and strain components, principal and deviatoric stresses and strains, materials behavior, the theories of elasticity and inelasticity, probabilistic analysis of stress data, the tensile and shear strength of rocks, wellbore stability, and fracture and collapse behavior for both single and multi-lateral wells. Both inexperienced university students and experienced engineers will find this book extremely useful. - Clearly applies rock mechanics to on and off shore oil and gas drilling - Step by Step approach to the analyze wellbore instabilities - Provides worked out examples with solutions to everyday problems

Bernt Sigve Aadn›y is a Professor of Petroleum Engineering at the University of Stavanger, specializing in all aspects of well engineering, including geomechanics. He is also an Adjunct Professor at NTNU-the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim. He worked for major operators in the oil industry from 1978 until 1994, when he transitioned to academia. Aadn›y has published more than 300 papers, holds 15 patents, and has authored or co-authored seven books, among them Modern Well Design, Petroleum RockMechanics, and Mechanics of Drilling. He was also one of the editors of the SPE book Advanced Drilling and Well Technology (Society of Petroleum Engineers). Aadn›y holds a BS degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Wyoming, an MS in control engineering from the University of Texas, and a PhD in petroleum rock mechanics from the Norwegian Institute of Technology. He was a recipient of the 1999 SPE International Drilling Engineering Award and is also a 2015 SPE/AIME Honorary Member and a 2015 SPE Distinguished Member. He was named SPE Professional of the Year 2018 in Norway.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Aadnoy, Bernt S.

Looyeh, Reza

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Cover;1
2;Petroleum Rockmechanics;2
3;Copyright;5
4;Dedication;6
5;Contents;8
6;Preface;14
7;Acknowledgements;16
8;About The Authors;18
9;List Of Symbols;22
10;PART ONE - Fundamentals of Solid Mechanics;28
10.1;Chapter - 1 - Stress/Strain Definitions and•Components;30
10.1.1;General Concept;30
10.1.2;Definition of Stress;31
10.1.3;Stress Components;32
10.1.4;Definition of Strain;34
10.1.5;Strain Components;35
10.2;Chapter - 2 - Stress and Strain Transformation;40
10.2.1;Introduction;40
10.2.2;Transformation Principles;40
10.2.3;Two-Dimensional Stress Transformation;42
10.2.4;Stress Transformation in Space;45
10.2.5;Tensor of Stress Components;48
10.2.6;Strain Transformation in Space;49
10.3;Chapter - 3 - Principal and Deviatoric Stresses and Strains;54
10.3.1;Introduction;54
10.3.2;Principal Stresses;54
10.3.3;Average and Deviatoric Stresses;56
10.3.4;General Interpretation of Principal Stresses;57
10.3.5;Two-Dimensional Stress Analysis;59
10.3.6;Properties of Strain;62
10.4;Chapter - 4 - Theory of Elasticity;68
10.4.1;Introduction;68
10.4.2;Materials Behavior;68
10.4.3;Hooke's Law;70
10.4.4;Hooke's Law in Shear;70
10.4.5;Analysis of Structures;71
10.4.6;Theory of Inelasticity;72
10.4.7;Constitutive Relation for Rocks;72
10.5;Chapter - 5 - Failure Criteria;80
10.5.1;Introduction;80
10.5.2;Failure Criteria for Rock Materials;80
10.5.3;The Von Mises Failure Criterion;81
10.5.4;Mohr-Coulomb Failure Criterion;81
10.5.5;The Griffith Failure Criterion;84
10.5.6;Hoek-Brown Failure Criterion;84
10.5.7;Druker-Prager Failure Criterion;85
10.5.8;Mogi-Coulomb Failure Criterion;85
11;PART TWO - Petroleum Rock Mechanics;90
11.1;Chapter - 6 - Introduction to Petroleum Rock•Mechanics;92
11.1.1;Introduction;92
11.1.2;Definition and Classification of Rocks;92
11.1.3;Petroleum Rock Mechanics;94
11.1.4;Why Study Stress in Rocks?;99
11.1.5;Units of Measurement;101
11.2;Chapter - 7 -Porous Rocks and Effective Stresses;104
11.2.1;Introduction;104
11.2.2;Anisotropy and Inhomogeneity;104
11.2.3;Anisotropic Rocks, Transversal Isotropy;106
11.2.4;Porous Rock;122
11.2.5;Formation Pore Pressure;124
11.2.6;Effective Stress;124
11.2.7;Formation Porosity and Permeability;127
11.3;Chapter - 9 - In‐Situ Stress;134
11.3.1;Introduction;134
11.3.2;Definitions;135
11.3.3;In‐situ Principal Stresses;135
11.3.4;Measurement and Estimation of In‐Situ Stresses;136
11.3.5;Probabilistic Analysis of Stress Data;141
11.3.6;Bounds on In‐situ Stresses;141
11.3.7;Stress Directions from Fracture Traces;147
11.4;Chapter - 9 - Rock Strength and Rock Failure;158
11.4.1;Introduction;158
11.4.2;Strength of Rock Material;158
11.4.3;Empirical Correlations;159
11.4.4;Formation Fracture Gradient;161
11.4.5;Rock Tensile Strength;169
11.4.6;Rock Shear Strength;171
11.5;Chapter - 10 - Stresses Around A Wellbore;178
11.5.1;Introduction;178
11.5.2;State of Stresses Around a Wellbore;178
11.5.3;Properties of Rock Formation Around a’Wellbore;180
11.5.4;Equations Governing Stress Analysis;181
11.5.5;Analysis of Stresses Around a Wellbore;185
11.5.6;Isotropic Solution;189
11.5.7;Anisotropic Solution;191
11.6;Chapter - 11 - Wellbore Instability Analysis;200
11.6.1;Introduction;200
11.6.2;Analysis Procedure;201
11.6.3;Wellbore Fracturing Pressure;204
11.6.4;Wellbore Collapse Pressure;207
11.6.5;Instability Analysis of Multi-lateral Boreholes;210
11.6.6;Instability Analysis of Adjacent Boreholes;218
11.6.7;Instability Analysis of Underbalanced Drilling;223
11.6.8;Shallow Fracturing;227
11.6.9;General Fracturing Model;230
11.6.10;Compaction Analysis for High-Pressure, High-Temperature Reservoirs;237
11.6.11;Breakthrough of a Relief Well into’a’Blowing Well;243
11.6.12;Fracture Model for Load History and’Temperature;250
11.6.13;Effects of Flow Induced Stresses;256
11.6.14;Sand Production Modeling;260
11.7;Chapter - 12 - Wellbore Instability Analysis•Using Inversion Technique;284
11.7.1;Introduction;284
11.7.2;Definitions;284
11.7.3;The Inversion Technique;284
11.7.4;Geological Aspects;287
11.7.5;Analysis Constraints;288
11.7.6;Inversion from Fracture Data and Image Logs;290
11.8;Chapter - 13 - Wellbore Instability Analysis Using Quantitative Risk Assessment;302
11.8.1;13.1 Introduction;302
11.8.2;13.2 Deterministic Analysis versus Probabilistic’Assessment;302
11.8.3;Why Probabilistic Assessment?;303
11.8.4;Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA);304
11.8.5;Quantitative Risk Assessment of’Underbalanced Drilling;311
11.9;Chapter - 14 - The Effect of Mud Losses on•Wellbore Stability;324
11.9.1;Introduction;324
11.9.2;Mud Losses During Drilling;324
11.9.3;Interpretation of the Leak-Off Tests;333
11.9.4;Future Developments for Wellbore Stability;341
12;References;346
13;Appendix - A - Mechanical Properties of•Rocks;350
14;Appendix - B -The Poisson's Ratio Effect;354
15;Appendix - C - Model for the Stress Bridge;358
16;Appendix - D - Glossary Of Terms;362
17;Index;370