Aarts / Encarnação True Visions

The Emergence of Ambient Intelligence
1. Auflage 2006
ISBN: 978-3-540-28974-6
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 437 Seiten

Ambient intelligence (AI) refers to a developing technology that will increasingly make our everyday environment sensitive and responsive to our presence. The AI vision requires technology invisibly embedded in our everyday surroundings, present whenever we need it that will lead to the seamless integration of lighting, sounds, vision, domestic appliances, and personal healthcare products to enhance our living experience. Written for the non-specialist seeking an authoritative but accessible overview of this interdisciplinary field, True Visions explains how the devices making up the AI world will operate collectively using information and intelligence hidden in the wireless network connecting them. Expert contributions address key AI components such as smart materials and textiles, system architecture, mobile computing, broadband communication, and underlying issues of human-environment interactions. It seeks to unify the perspectives of scientists from diverse backgrounds ranging from the physics of materials to the aesthetics of industrial design as it describes the emergence of ambient intelligence, one of today's most compelling areas of innovation.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Aarts, Emile

Encarnação, José

Aarts, Emile H. L.

Encarnação, José Luis

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;5
2;Foreword;7
3;Preface;10
4;Contents;12
5;List of Contributors;22
6;1 Into Ambient Intelligence;27
6.1;1.1 The Vision;27
6.2;1.2 Trends and Opportunities;28
6.3;1.3 A Brief History of Ambient Intelligence;32
6.4;1.4 Realizing Ambient Intelligence;36
6.5;1.5 Ambient Intelligence Becomes a Success;42
7;2 Information, Society and Technology;43
7.1;2.1 Introduction;43
7.2;2.2 The AmI Vision: A Different Encounter Between Technology and Society;45
7.3;2.3 IST, the European Social Model and the Lisbon Objectives;48
7.4;2.4 Foresight in IST in Europe;50
7.5;2.5 AmI Innovation in Europe;53
7.6;2.6 Conclusions;58
8;3 Ambient Culture;60
8.1;3.1 Prelude;60
8.2;3.2 Questions, Questions, Questions;60
8.3;3.3 What Should Ambient Intelligence Do?;61
8.4;3.4 How Will Ambient Intelligence Do What It Does?;64
8.5;3.5 Some Examples;66
8.6;3.6 How Do We Create the Right” Ambient Intelligence – the Relevant Hypothesis for a Desirable Future?;69
8.7;3.7 Business Issues;72
8.8;3.8 Deeper Issues;74
8.9;3.9 How to Measure Intelligence?;77
8.10;3.10 The Culture of Ambient Intelligence – Human Culture in the Broadest Sense;77
9;4 Smart Materials;78
9.1;4.1 Introduction;78
9.2;4.2 Chromogenic Materials;79
9.3;4.3 Thermochromic Skins Based on Liquid Crystals;81
9.4;4.4 Switchable Mirrors;83
9.5;4.5 Switchable Cholesteric Mirrors;86
9.6;4.6 Electronic Skins and Paintable Displays;88
9.7;4.7 Polymers with a Mechanical Response;91
10;5 Electronic Dust and e-Grains;108
10.1;5.1 Introduction;108
10.2;5.2 Basic Construction of Self-Sufficient Wireless Sensor Nodes – e- Grains;110
10.3;5.3 System Design;112
10.4;5.4 System Integration Technologies;114
10.5;5.5 Embedded Components in Organic Substrates;126
10.6;5.6 Wafer-Level Integration by Chip or Wafer Stacking;127
10.7;5.7 Autonomous Energy Supply for e-Grains;130
10.8;5.8 Wafer-Level Integration of Lithium-Polymer Batteries;131
10.9;5.9 Micro-fuel Cell Integration;132
10.10;5.10 Summary and Outlook;135
11;6 Electronic Textiles;138
11.1;6.1 Introduction;138
11.2;6.2 Conductors;140
11.3;6.3 Textile Processing with Conductive Threads;142
11.4;6.4 Interconnection and Packaging;144
11.5;6.5 Applications;147
11.6;6.6 Future Challenges;152
11.7;6.7 Conclusion and Outlook;154
12;7 Computing Platforms;156
12.1;7.1 Reconsidering the Vision;156
12.2;7.2 More-Moore”: Managing Giga-complexity;157
12.3;7.3 "More-Than-Moore”: Ultra-creativity for Ultra-low Power and Cost;169
12.4;7.4 Conclusions;171
13;8 Software Platforms;173
13.1;8.1 Introduction;173
13.2;8.2 Software Systems for Ambient Intelligence;174
13.3;8.3 Aura: User Task-Driven Environment Configuration;179
13.4;8.4 Gaia: Programmable Active Spaces;182
13.5;8.5 WSAMI: Ad hoc, Decentralized AmI Environments;186
13.6;8.6 Assessment and Research Challenges;190
14;9 Mobile Computing;193
14.1;9.1 Computing Everywhere and Anywhere;193
14.2;9.2 Applications of Mobile Computing;194
14.3;9.3 In the Bottom Lies the Technology;198
14.4;9.4 Challenges Imposed on the Domain by Ambient Intelligence;203
14.5;9.5 How Far Have We Come?;204
14.6;9.6 Concluding Remarks;208
15;10 Broadband Communication;209
15.1;10.1 Vision;209
15.2;10.2 Ongoing Evolutions in Broadband Communication;210
15.3;10.3 Too Many Wireless Technologies Today?;211
15.4;10.4 How to Deal with All These Wireless Technologies?;216
15.5;10.5 Conclusions;228
16;11 e- Infrastructure and e-Science;232
16.1;11.1 Introduction;232
16.2;11.2 e-Science and the Grid;233
16.3;11.3 Pervasive Computing and Ambient Intelligence;238
16.4;11.4 The Semantic Web;241
16.5;11.5 The Symbiosis of Grid and Ambient Intelligent Computing;244
16.6;11.6 Case Studies;246
16.7;11.7 Challenges to the Vision;250
16.8;11.8 Conclusions;251
17;12 Context Aware Services;253
17.1;12.1 Introduction;253
17.2;12.2 A Brief History of Context;254
17.3;12.3 A Conceptual Framework for Context Aware Systems;256
17.4;12.4 Defining Situation Models as Interaction Scripts;258
17.5;12.5 Example: Context Aware Automatic Video Acquisition;260
17.6;12.6 Learning Context Models: Adaptation and Development;264
17.7;12.7 Conclusions;266
18;13 Computational Intelligence;267
18.1;13.1 Introduction;267
18.2;13.2 Machine Intelligence;268
18.3;13.3 AmI Elements of Social Intelligence;272
18.4;13.4 Computational Paradigms;279
18.5;13.5 Intrinsic Limitations;293
18.6;13.6 Concluding Challenges;294
19;14 Social User Interfaces;296
19.1;14.1 Introduction;296
19.2;14.2 Social Interfaces and Multimodal Interaction;298
19.3;14.3 The Impact of Affect and Social Intelligence: the iCat Case;301
19.4;14.4 Modeling Affect in a Dialogical Robot;306
19.5;14.5 Conclusions and Future Research;310
20;15 Multi-modal Human–Environment Interaction;311
20.1;15.1 Introduction;311
20.2;15.2 Tangible Multi-modal Dialog Scenario;312
20.3;15.3 Instrumented Environment Infrastructure;314
20.4;15.4 Symmetric Multi-modal Interaction;316
20.5;15.5 Anthropomorphized Products;320
20.6;15.6 Usability Study;323
20.7;15.7 Conclusions and Future Work;325
21;16 Intelligent Media;327
21.1;16.1 Introduction;327
21.2;16.2 Emergence of Intelligent Media;328
21.3;16.3 Economic Importance of the Creative Industries;329
21.4;16.4 Intelligent Media: Key Concepts and Technologies;329
21.5;16.5 Intelligent Media and the Creative Sectors;332
21.6;16.6 Conclusion;339
22;17 Smart Environments;340
22.1;17.1 Introduction;340
22.2;17.2 Smart Environments;341
22.3;17.3 Building Smart Environments: the Ensemble Challenge;344
22.4;17.4 The Source of Strategy;348
22.5;17.5 Goal-Based Interaction;349
22.6;17.6 Appliances and Event Processing Pipelines;352
22.7;17.7 Conclusion;356
23;18 Sensory Augmented Computing;357
23.1;18.1 Introduction;357
23.2;18.2 Sensing Opportunities for Ambient Intelligence;358
23.3;18.3 Proactive Furniture;361
23.4;18.4 Sensing a Furniture Assembly;362
23.5;18.5 Situation-Aware Affordances;369
23.6;18.6 Conclusions and Discussion;373
24;19 Experience Design;376
24.1;19.1 Introduction;376
24.2;19.2 Looking to the Future;377
24.3;19.3 The Home Experience;381
24.4;19.4 Design Insights of AmI Systems;382
24.5;19.5 New Directions;387
24.6;19.6 Conclusion;393
25;20 Experience Research;394
25.1;20.1 Introduction;394
25.2;20.2 Goals of Experience Research;396
25.3;20.3 EARC Life Cycle Model;397
25.4;20.4 Facilitators of Experience Research;402
25.5;20.5 Example Developments in Experience Research;406
25.6;20.6 Challenges;409
25.7;References;410
26;Index;450