E-Book, Englisch, 289 Seiten
Abdul-Rahman / Pilouk Spatial Data Modelling for 3D GIS
1. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-3-540-74167-1
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
E-Book, Englisch, 289 Seiten
ISBN: 978-3-540-74167-1
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
This book covers fundamental aspects of spatial data modelling specifically on the aspect of three-dimensional (3D) modelling and structuring. Realisation of 'true' 3D GIS spatial system needs a lot of effort, and the process is taking place in various research centres and universities in some countries. The development of spatial data modelling for 3D objects is the focus of this book.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Weitere Infos & Material
1;Preface;5
2;Contents;6
3;Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION;11
3.1;1.1 Why does 3D GIS Matter?;11
3.2;1.2 The Need for 3D GIS;13
3.3;1.3 The Need for 3D Spatial Data Modelling;17
3.4;1.4 Problems Associated with Spatial Modelling for 3D GIS;19
3.5;1.5 Previous Work;20
3.6;1.6 Background to the 3D GIS Problem;23
4;Chapter 2 AN OVERVIEW OF 3D GIS DEVELOPMENT;24
4.1;2.1 GIS Functions;24
4.2;2.2 3D GIS;25
4.3;2.3 Recent Progress Made on 3D GIS;26
4.4;2.4 Commercially Available Systems and 3D GIS;27
4.5;2.5 Why is 3D GIS Difficult to Realise?;31
4.6;2.6 Discussion;32
5;Chapter 3 2D AND 3D SPATIAL DATA REPRESENTATIONS;33
5.1;3.1 Introduction;33
5.2;3.2 Classes of Object Representations;34
5.3;3.3 GIS Applicability of the Representations;45
5.4;3.4 The Selection Criteria;46
5.5;3.5 Vector and Raster Representation;49
5.6;3.6 Summary;50
6;Chapter 4 THE FUNDAMENTALS OF GEO- SPATIAL MODELLING;51
6.1;4.1 Spatial Data;52
6.2;4.2 Spatial Data Modelling;52
6.3;4.3 Models and Their Importance for Geoinformation;53
6.4;4.4 Components of Geo-spatial Model;55
6.5;4.5 Phases in Geo-spatial Modelling;56
6.6;4.6 Conceptual Design of a Geo-spatial Model;58
6.7;4.7 Logical Design of Geo-spatial Model;86
6.8;4.8 Summary;93
7;Chapter 5 THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN;94
7.1;5.1 TIN-based (2.5D) Data Model;94
7.2;5.2 Properties of the TIN-based Data Model;97
7.3;5.3 TEN-based Data Model;101
7.4;5.4 Generalized n-dimensional Integrated Data Model;104
7.5;5.5 Single-theme and Multi-theme;108
7.6;5.6 Euler’s Characteristics;109
7.7;5.7 Discussion;114
8;Chapter 6 THE LOGICAL DESIGN;116
8.1;6.1 Relational Approach;116
8.2;6.2 Object-oriented Approach;123
8.3;6.3 Discussion;137
9;Chapter 7 OBJECT-ORIENTATION OF TINs SPATIAL DATA;139
9.1;7.1 Introduction;139
9.2;7.2 Object-oriented Concepts;139
9.3;7.3 Object-oriented TIN Tessellations;142
9.4;7.4 Object-oriented TINs Spatial Data Modelling;146
9.5;7.5 Object-oriented TIN Spatial Database Development;152
9.6;7.6 Object-oriented TIN-based Subsystems for GIS;155
9.7;7.7 Summary;156
10;Chapter 8 THE SUPPORTING ALGORITHMS;159
10.1;8.1 Introduction;159
10.2;8.2 Distance Transformation;159
10.3;8.3 Voronoi Tessellations;164
10.4;8.4 Triangulations (TINs);169
10.5;8.5 Visualization;176
10.6;8.6 3D Distance Transformation;177
10.7;8.7 3D Voronoi Tessellation;182
10.8;8.8 Tetrahedron Network (TEN) Generation;187
10.9;8.9 Constrained Triangulations;189
10.10;8.10 Contouring Algorithm;196
10.11;8.11 Algorithms for Irregular Network Formation;202
10.12;8.11 Summary;210
11;Chapter 9 APPLICATIONS OF THE MODEL;212
11.1;9.1 Integration of Terrain Relief and Terrain Features;212
11.2;9.2 Creating an Integrated Database;214
11.3;9.3 A Spatial Query Example;217
11.4;9.4 Integrating with 3D Features;219
11.5;9.5 Integrating with Geo-scientific Data;224
11.6;9.6 Spatial Operators;226
11.7;9.7 Graphic Visualization;228
11.8;9.8 Virtual Reality;235
11.9;9.9 Discussion;235
12;Chapter 10 THE WEB AND 3D GIS;237
12.1;10.1 Introduction;237
12.2;10.2 Web 3D GIS;238
12.3;10.3 Management of 3D Spatial Data;242
12.4;10.4 GUI for 3D Visualization and Editing on the Web;244
12.5;10.5 Current and Possible Approaches in Urban Planning;252
12.6;10.6 Realized Browser-based Solutions;253
12.7;10.7 Stand-alone Solutions/Toolkits/Front-ends;258
12.8;10.8 Summary;259
13;Chapter 11 CONCLUSION AND FURTHER OUTLOOK;260
13.1;11.1 Summary;260
13.2;11.2 Further Research;267
14;References and Bibliography;270
15;Index;289
