Buch, Englisch, 312 Seiten, Format (B × H): 280 mm x 219 mm, Gewicht: 771 g
Buch, Englisch, 312 Seiten, Format (B × H): 280 mm x 219 mm, Gewicht: 771 g
ISBN: 978-0-19-754431-0
Verlag: Oxford University Press
An essential part of effective communication involves listening to and learning from one another in a world that's quickly changing. The third edition of Essential Communication excels in its coverage of diversity, social media, and career success. This edition builds upon the engaging design and practical advice that have made the first editions of Essential Communication so popular. It stands out for its commitment to active learning with real-life examples, self-quizzes, reflection opportunities, and communication checklists to help students think critically about the material and put what they learn to good use.
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Weitere Infos & Material
- Chapter 1: The Importance of Communication
- Communication Defined
- Communication is symbolic.
- Communication is a process.
- Communication is irreversible.
- Communication is relational.
- Models of Communication
- Linear Model
- Transactional Model
- Pause to Reflect: How Noisy Is Your Communication?
- Communication Contexts
- Intrapersonal Communication
- Dyadic Communication
- Interpersonal Communication
- Small Group Communication
- Organizational Communication
- Public Communication
- Mass Communication
- Social Media
- Communication and Social Media
- Social media is entertaining.
- Social media is. social.
- Social media is a means of identity management.
- Social media can hijack your time.
- Social media is distracting.
- Social media can make you feel bad.
- Tips and Reminders: 5 Tips for Communicating Well on Social Media
- Communication Competence
- There is no “ideal” way to communicate.
- Competence is situational.
- Competence is relational.
- Competence can be learned.
- Competent communicators are flexible.
- Competent communicators are empathic.
- Competent communicators self-monitor.
- Competent communicators are committed.
- About You: What Type of Communicator are You?
- Misconceptions About Communication
- Myth 1: Communication requires complete understanding.
- Myth 2: Communication can solve all problems.
- Myth 3: Communication is good.
- Myth 4: Meanings are in words.
- Myth 5: Communication is simple.
- Myth 6: More communication is always better.
- Communication Take-Aways: The Importance of Communication
- Putting It All Together: Show Your Communication Know-How
- Chapter 2: The Self, Perception, and Communication
- The Self-Concept Defined
- Self-Concept
- Self-Esteem
- Communication and the Self-Concept
- Significant Others
- Mass Media
- Culture
- Expectations
- Pause to Reflect: What Shapes Your Self-Concept?
- Mistaken Attributions and Communication
- Individuals typically judge themselves more charitably than they judge others.
- People often pay more attention to negative impressions than to positive ones.
- When individuals do perceive positive qualities, they tend to overgeneralize.
- People gravitate to the familiar.
- Myths About Gendered Communication
- Myth 1: Sex and gender are the same.
- Myth 2: Communication styles are either masculine or feminine.
- Myth 3: There is an “opposite” sex.
- Myth 4: Gender roles are rooted in biology.
- Emotional IQ and Communication
- Self-Awareness
- Self-Regulation
- Internal Motivation
- Empathy
- Social Skills
- Tips and Reminders: 3 Steps to Engage in Perception Checking
- About You: How Emotionally Intelligent Are You?
- Identity Management
- Individuals have public and private selves.
- People engage in facework to manage identities.
- Identity management is collaborative.
- People have multiple identities.
- Identity management may be deliberate or unconscious.
- People differ in their degree of identity management.
- Social rules influence identity management.
- Identity management can be goal-oriented.
- Identity management isn't necessarily dishonest.
- Pause to Reflect: Which Identities Do You Enact?
- Identity Management and Social Media
- Social media can boost self-esteem.
- Being genuine matters most.
- Self-esteem can enhance emotional resilience.
- Communication Take-Aways: Self, Perception, and Communication
- Putting It All Together: Show Your Communication Know-How
- Chapter 3: Communication and Culture
- Culture Defined
- Culture and Coculture
- Salience
- In-Group and Out-Group
- Cultural Values and Norms
- Individualism and Collectivism
- High and Low Context
- Uncertainty Avoidance
- Power Distance
- Talk and Silence
- Pause to Reflect: What Cultural Norms Do You Embrace?
- About You: How Much Do You Know About Other Cultures?
- Communication and Cocultures
- Race and Ethnicity
- Regional Differences
- Sexual Orientation and Gender
- Religion
- Disability
- Political Viewpoints
- Tips and Reminders: 3 Ways to Discuss Politics Responsibly on Social Media
- Age and Generation
- Ideas about aging change over time.
- Stereotypes discourage open communication.
- Being young has its challenges.
- Generations regard technology differently.
- Differences emerge at work.
- Tips and Reminders: 4 Ways to Learn More About Other Cultures
- Talking about Race
- Expect strong emotions.
- Put yourself in the other person's shoes.
- Don't debate.
- Learn and apologize, if appropriate.
- Don't force the issue.
- Pause to Reflect: How Does Talking About Race Make You Feel?
- Overcoming Prejudice
- We tend to think our culture is the best.
- We often prejudge and stereotype others.
- Judgments can lead to unfair treatment.
- Mindful thinking can help.
- Coping with Culture Shock
- Don't be too hard on yourself.
- Homesickness is normal.
- Expect progress and setbacks.
- Reach out to others.
- Communication Take-Aways: Communication and Culture
- Putting It All Together: Show Your Communication Know-How
- Chapter 4: Language
- The Nature of Language
- Language is symbolic.
- Meanings are in people, not in words.
- Words affect and reflect reality.
- Language is governed by rules.
- The Power of Language
- Names
- Accents and Dialects
- “Powerful” and “Powerless” Speech
- Affiliative Language
- Pause to Reflect: How Does Language Influence You?
- Misunderstandings
- Language is equivocal.
- Meaning is relative.
- Language differs by community.
- Language is nuanced.
- Tips and Reminders: 6 Ways to Avoid Misunderstandings
- Facts, Inferences, and Opinions
- Distinguish between fact and opinion.
- Don't confuse facts with inferences.
- Don't present emotions as facts.
- Don't resort to insults.
- Tips and Reminders: 3 Ways to Distinguish Between Facts and Opinions
- Microaggressive Language
- Examine your own assumptions.
- Inquire.
- Use humor.
- Point out the underlying assumption.
- Be an ally.
- Avoid casting individuals as “spokespersons.”
- Choose your battles.
- Apologize if you mess up.
- Gender and Language
- About You: How Do You Use Language?
- Communication Take-Aways: Communication and Language
- Putting It All Together: Show Your Communication Know-How
- Chapter 5: Listening
- The Importance of Listening
- Listening makes you a better friend and romantic partner.
- Good listeners aren't easily fooled.
- People with good listening skills are more likely than others to be hired and promoted.
- Asking for and listening to advice makes you look good.
- Listening is a leadership skill.
- Pause to Reflect: How Can You Improve as a Listener?
- Misconceptions About Listening
- Myth: Hearing and listening are the same thing.
- Myth: People only listen with their ears.
- Myth: Listening is a natural process.
- Myth: All listeners receive the same message.
- The Listening Process
- Hearing
- Understanding
- Remembering
- Interpreting
- Evaluating
- Responding
- Listening in a Complex World
- Message Overload
- Psychological Noise
- Physical Noise
- Cultural Differences
- Tips and Reminders: 3 Ways to Limit Social Media Distractions
- Hurtful Listening Habits
- Pretending to Listen
- Tuning In and Out
- Acting Defensively
- Avoiding the Issue
- Ignoring Underlying Issues
- Being Self-Centered
- Talking Too Much
- Tips and Reminders: 6 Tips for Listening Nondefensively
- Skills for Different Types of Listening
- Relational Listening
- Supportive Listening
- Task-Oriented Listening
- Analytical Listening
- Critical Listening
- Tips and Reminders: 4 Tips for Listening Mindfully
- About You: What Are Your Listening Strengths?
- Communication Take-Aways: Listening Effectively
- Putting It All Together: Show Your Communication Know-How
- Chapter 6: Nonverbal Communication
- The Nature of Nonverbal Communication
- Nonverbal communication is impossible to avoid.
- Nonverbal behavior is part of identity management.
- Nonverbal cues help define relationships.
- Nonverbal behavior is ambiguous.
- Nonverbal communication is influenced by cultural expectations.
- Nonverbal communication is essential.
- Pause to Reflect: How Nonverbally Savvy Are You?
- Functions of Nonverbal Communication
- Complementing
- Contradicting
- Substituting
- Regulating
- Deception and Nonverbal Cues
- What cues indicate that someone is lying?
- What if the deceiver is a child?
- Are my odds better if I know the person well?
- Why is it so hard to detect deception?
- When do I have the best chance of catching a lie?
- Kinesic Nonverbal Communication
- Posture
- Fidgeting
- Smiling
- Eye Contact
- Expressions of Emotion
- Voice
- Touch
- About You: How Worldly Are Your Nonverbal Communication Skills?
- The Impact of Space, Time, and Place
- Space
- Time
- Territory
- Environment
- Tips and Reminders: 4 Ways to Interpret Nonverbal Cues More Accurately
- Nonverbal Cues and Attractiveness
- Attractiveness Advantage
- Clothing
- Body Art
- Overall Effect
- Pause to Reflect: What Role Does Appearance Play for You?
- Gender and Nonverbal Communication
- Gender Differences
- Media's Influence
- Social Structure
- Commonalities
- Pause to Reflect: How Do Your Nonverbal Cues Suggest?
- Communication Take-Aways: Nonverbal Communication
- Putting It All Together: Show Your Communication Know-How
- Chapter 7: Communicating in Interpersonal Relationships
- Defining Interpersonal Communication
- Relational Messages
- Affinity
- Immediacy
- Respect
- Control
- Metacommunication
- Metacommunication can bring issues to the surface.
- Metacommunication can be risky.
- Metacommunication isn't just for problem solving.
- Self-Disclosure in Close Relationships
- Social Penetration Model
- The Johari Window
- Pause to Reflect: Do You Self-Disclose Too Much or Too Little?
- Tips and Reminders: 8 Questions to Consider Before Self-Disclosing
- Interpersonal Communication Online
- Online communication helps people stay connected.
- Online communication provides for immense diversity.
- Online communication can feel nonthreatening.
- Online communication can be validating.
- Online communication has a pause option. sometimes.
- Online communication can be distracting.
- Online communication can be isolating.
- Pause to Reflect: Do You Overuse Social Media?
- Relational Spirals
- Relational spirals can feel unavoidable.
- Spirals can be destructive.
- Spirals can be positive.
- Tips and Reminders: 6 Ways to Avoid Negative Relational Spirals
- About You: What's the Forecast for Your Communication Climate?
- Communication Take-Aways: Interpersonal Communication
- Putting it All Together: Show Your Communication Know-How
- Chapter 8: Communicating with Friends and Family
- Friendships and Family Ties
- Friendships
- Family Relationships
- Friends and Family
- How People Evaluate Friendship Potential
- You have a lot in common.
- You balance each other out.
- You like and appreciate each other.
- You admire each other.
- You open up to each other.
- You interact frequently.
- You find the relationship rewarding.
- Tips and Reminders: 3 Reasons You Don't Have to be Perfect to be a Good Friend
- Pause to Reflect: What Qualities Matter Most in a Friend?
- Friendships Can Build Bridges
- Stereotypes fade.
- Trust grows.
- Understanding blooms.
- Tips and Reminders: 3 Strategies for Befriending a Wide Range of People
- Types of Friendships
- Short-Term Versus Long-Term
- Low Disclosure Versus High Disclosure
- Doing-Oriented Versus Being-Oriented
- Low Obligation Versus High Obligation
- Frequent Contact Versus Occasional Contact
- Tips and Reminders: 8 Communication Strategies for Being a Good Friend
- About You: What Kind of Friendship Do You Have?
- Gender and Friendship
- Do men and women do friendship differently?
- Can heterosexual men and women be just friends?
- Are there advantages to other-sex friendships?
- How does gender diversity figure into friendship?
- Communicating with Friends Online
- Many people share more in person, at least at first.
- Online communication can be less anxiety provoking.
- Online communication transcends time and space.
- More online communication isn't always better.
- Parenting Relationships
- Family Dynamics
- Parenting Styles
- Sibling Relationships
- Supportive
- Longing
- Competitive
- Apathetic
- Hostile
- Tips and Reminders: 6 Communication Tips for Strengthening Family Ties
- Pause to Reflect: How Does Your Family Communicate?
- Communication Take-Aways: Communicating With Friends and Family
- Putting It All Together: Show Your Communication Know-How
- Chapter 9: Communicating with Romantic Partners
- Stages of Romantic Relationships
- Initiating
- Experimenting
- Intensifying
- Integrating
- Bonding
- Differentiating
- Circumscribing
- Stagnating
- Avoiding
- Terminating
- Tips and Reminders: 7 Ways to Transition from Online to In-Person Dating
- Pause to Reflect: Where Does Your Relationship Stand?
- Gender and Intimacy
- Speaking the Languages of Love
- Affirming Words
- Quality Time
- Gifts
- Physical Touch
- Acts of Service
- About You: What's Your Love Language?
- Relational Dialectics
- Connection Versus Autonomy
- Openness Versus Privacy
- Predictability Versus Novelty
- Tips and Reminders: 6 Strategies for Managing Dialectical Tensions
- Pause to Reflect: What Dialectic Strategies Do You Use?
- Deception in Romantic Relationships
- Altruistic Lies
- Evasions
- Self-Serving Lies
- How Partners Express Conflict
- Nonassertiveness
- Indirect Communication
- Assertiveness
- Passive Aggression
- Direct Aggression
- Tips and Reminders: 3 Ways to Protect Yourself from an Abusive Partner
- Conflict Patterns that Ruin Relationships
- Partners criticize each other.
- Partners show contempt.
- Partners are defensive.
- Partners engage in stonewalling.
- Pause to Reflect: How Do You Handle Conflict as a Couple?
- Applying Win-Win Problem Solving
- Identify your problem and unmet needs.
- Make a date.
- Describe your problem and needs.
- Check your partner's understanding.
- Solicit your partner's needs.
- Check your understanding of your partner's needs.
- Negotiate a solution.
- Follow up on the solution.
- Communication Take-Aways: Communicating with Romantic Partners
- Putting It All Together: Show Your Communication Know-How
- Chapter 10: Communicating on the Job Market
- Employers Seek Good Communicators
- Good communicators work well in teams.
- Good communicators enhance customer satisfaction.
- Good communicators build public awareness.
- Good communicators make good leaders.
- Good communicators inspire others.
- Networking Strategies to Find a Job
- Look for networking prospects.
- Engage in online networking.
- Seek referrals.
- Conduct informational interviews.
- Show appreciation.
- Tips and Reminders: 5 Strategies to Build a Career-Enhancing Network
- Managing Your Online Identity
- Showcase your strengths and goals.
- Build a professional identity.
- Avoid embarrassing posts.
- Monitor your online presence.
- Engage in damage control.
- Beware mistaken identities.
- Don't be scared off.
- Don't stop when you get hired.
- Tips and Reminders: 6 Steps to Follow When Applying for a Job
- Preparing for a Job Interview
- Do research.
- Prepare for likely questions.
- Know when and where to go.
- Practice reframing anxiety as enthusiasm.
- Pause to Reflect: What Do You Have to Offer?
- Tips and Reminders: 7 Strategies for Creating a Presentation About Yourself
- Pause to Reflect: What Should You Include in a Presentation?
- Interviewing and the Law
- Know the law.
- Prepare in advance.
- Interviewing Best Practices
- Dress for success.
- Bring copies of your résumé and portfolio.
- Mind your manners.
- Follow the interviewer's lead.
- Keep your answers succinct and specific.
- Describe relevant challenges, actions, and results.
- Ask good questions of your own.
- Follow up after the interview.
- Tips and Reminders: 8 Ways to Respond to Common Interview Questions
- Interviewing by Phone or Video
- Present a professional identity.
- Practice with technology in advance.
- Ensure that you have the right time for the interview.
- Ask in advance how long the interview will last.
- Look at the camera, not at the screen.
- Conduct a dress rehearsal.
- Don't panic if technology fails.
- Communication Take-Aways: Communicating to Land a Job
- Putting It All Together: Show Your Communication Know-How
- Chapter 11: Communicating in the Workplace
- Communication Mistakes to Avoid at Work
- Making Fun of People
- Oversharing
- Overlooking Cultural Differences
- Gossiping
- Doing Less Than Your Best
- Losing Your Cool
- Fixating on a Mistake
- Tips and Reminders: 10 Ways to Get Slackers to Do Their Share
- Communication Strategies for Leaders
- Characteristics of Effective Leaders
- Trait Theories of Leadership
- Situational Leadership
- Transformational Leadership
- Behaviors that Demonstrate Leadership Potential
- Figure 11.1: Managerial Grid
- Pause to Reflect: What Has Shaped Your Leadership Approach?
- About You: What's Your Leadership Style?
- Working with a Difficult Boss
- Rise to the challenge.
- Make up for the boss's shortcomings.
- Seek advice from others.
- Talk with your boss.
- Maintain a professional demeanor.
- Adjust your expectations.
- If necessary, make a gracious exit.
- Tips and Reminders: 5 Steps to Leave a Job Without Burning Bridges
- Power in the Workplace
- Legitimate Power
- Expert Power
- Connection Power
- Reward Power
- Coercive Power
- Referent Power
- Communication in Small Groups
- Groups are defined by goals and relationships.
- Group members have different goals.
- Groups operate via spoken and unspoken rules.
- Group members play different roles.
- Groups develop in stages.
- Group cohesion boosts commitment.
- Tips and Reminders: 6 Strategies for Dealing with Difficult Team Members
- Advantages of Group Problem Solving
- Groups have more resources than individuals do.
- Group members can catch errors.
- Group work enhances buy-in.
- Groups benefit from diverse ideas.
- Groups are best at solving some problems.
- Pause to Reflect: How Do You Feel About Group Work?
- Making the Most of Group Meetings
- Encourage equal participation.
- Avoid information underload and overload.
- Avoid pressure to conform.
- Make the most of diversity.
- Tips and Reminders: 9 Ways to Make the Most of Online Meetings
- A Structured Problem-Solving Approach
- Identify the problem.
- Analyze the problem.
- Identify criteria for success.
- Gather relevant information.
- Identify supporting and restraining forces.
- Develop creative solutions.
- Select an option.
- Implement the plan.
- Follow up on the solution.
- Tips and Reminders: 4 Ways to Reach a Group Decision
- Communication Take-Aways: Communicating in the Workplace
- Putting It All Together: Show Your Communication Know-How
- Chapter 12: Preparing Speeches
- Analyzing Your Audience
- Demographics and Political Affiliation
- Attitudes, Beliefs, and Values
- Audience Perception of the Occasion
- Pause to Reflect: Where Do You Stand?
- Planning Your Speech
- Step 1: Choose a topic.
- Step 2: Define your purpose.
- Step 3: Write a purpose statement.
- Step 4: State your thesis.
- Step 5: Gather information.
- Step 6: Double-check your sources.
- Tips and Reminders: 3 Ways to Evaluate Online Information
- Structuring Your Speech
- Outlines
- Speaking Notes
- Organizational Patterns
- Creating the Introduction
- Capture attention.
- Preview the main points.
- Set the tone of your speech.
- Demonstrate the importance of your topic to your audience.
- Establish credibility.
- Tips and Reminders: 9 Ways to Capture the Audience's Attention
- Designing Conclusions and Transitions
- The Conclusion
- Transitions
- Pause to Reflect: How Did You Come to That Conclusion
- Types of Supporting Material
- Definitions
- Examples
- Statistics
- Analogies/Comparison-Contrast
- Anecdotes
- Quotations/Testimony
- Styles of Support
- Pause to Reflect: What Kind of Gatherer Are You?
- Communication Take-Aways: Preparing Speeches
- Putting it All Together: Show Your Communication Know-How
- Chapter 13: Presenting Speeches
- Managing Speech Anxiety
- Facilitative and Debilitative Anxiety
- Past Negative Experiences and Irrational Thinking
- Tips and Reminders: 4 Types of Irrational Fears About Public Speaking
- Pause to Reflect: Are You Thinking Rationally?
- About You: Do You Suffer from Speech Anxiety?
- Tips and Reminders: 4 Steps to Practicing a Speech
- Choosing a Type of Delivery
- Manuscript
- Memorized
- Impromptu
- Extemporaneous
- Selecting Visual Aids
- Objects and Models
- Diagrams
- Word and Number Charts
- Using Visual Aids
- Presentation Software
- Audio and Video Clips
- Whiteboards and Chalkboards
- Flip Pads and Poster Boards
- Handouts
- Tips and Reminders: 5 Rules for Using Visual Aids Effectively
- Visual Aspects of Delivery
- Appearance
- Movement
- Posture
- Facial Expression
- Eye Contact
- Auditory Aspects of Delivery
- Volume
- Rate
- Pitch
- Articulation
- Tips and Reminders: 4 Ways to Improve Your Articulation
- Pause to Reflect: How Is Your Articulation?
- Virtual Delivery
- Tips and Reminders: 6 Tips for Online/Virtual Delivery of Speeches
- Communication Take-Aways: Presenting Speeches
- Putting it All Together: Show Your Communication Know-How
- Chapter 14: Speaking to Inform and Persuade
- Informing Versus Persuading
- Informative Speeches
- Persuasive Speeches
- Overlap Between Informative and Persuasive Speeches
- Pause to Reflect: Informative and Persuasive Speaking
- Techniques of Informative Speaking
- Define a specific informative purpose.
- Use clear, simple language.
- Emphasize important points.
- Generate audience involvement.
- Tips and Reminders: 3 Ways to Make It Easy for the Audience to Listen
- Tips and Reminders: 4 Ways to Handle a Question-and-Answer Period
- Techniques of Persuasive Speaking
- Set a specific persuasive purpose.
- Adapt to your specific audience.
- Establish common ground and credibility.
- Draw upon Aristotle's Triad.
- Tips and Reminders: 3 Types of Persuasive Appeals
- Logic, Ethics, and the Art of Persuasion
- Step 1: Structure your basic argument.
- Step 2: Describe the problem.
- Step 3: Describe the solution.
- Step 4: Describe the desired audience response.
- Sample Outline using Monroe's Motivated Sequence.
- Structuring Reasoning Within Your Argument
- Claims and Subclaims
- Evidence
- The Toulmin Model
- Tips and Reminders: 6 Fallacies and How to Avoid Them
- About You: Can You Identify Common Fallacies?
- Communication Take-Aways: Speaking to Inform and Persuade
- Putting it All Together: Show Your Communication Know-How
