Depression in Latinos

Assessment, Treatment, and Prevention
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-0-387-78512-7
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 330 Seiten

Depression ranks as a leading mental health problem among Hispanic immigrants and their US-born children. And a wide array of issues - starting with the widespread stereotype of the 'illegal immigrant' - makes the Latino experience of this condition differ from that of any other group. Depression in Latinos consolidates the conceptual, diagnostic, and clinical knowledge based on this salient topic, providing coverage from prevalence to prevention, from efficient screening to effective interventions. In this concise yet comprehensive volume, leading clinicians, researchers, and academics offer extensive research and clinical findings, literature reviews (e.g., an in-depth chapter on the Mexican American Prevalence and Services Survey), and insights gathered from first-hand experience in clinical practice. Perceptive information is offered on the most urgent and complex issues on depression in this diverse and dynamic population, including: (1) The impact language, culture, and societal factors have on depression and its diagnosis. (2) The most relevant assessment instruments. (3) How depression manifests among Latino children, youth, and seniors as well as in Latinas. (4) The relationship between depression and substance abuse. (5) The most effective evidence-based treatment methods. (6) The efficacy of interventions for depression at the community level. Depression in Latinos is vital reading for clinicians, counseling and school psychologists, psychiatrists, clinical social workers, and public health professionals interested in providing their Hispanic clients with the most effective treatment possible. In addition, its coverage of the broader issues of access to care makes this volume essential reading for mental health administrators, volunteer/outreach agencies, and policymakers.

Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola is Professor of Clinical Internal Medicine in the Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis. He is also Founding Director of the newly developed Center for Reducing Health Disparities at UC Davis Health System. Dr. Aguilar-Gaxiola is the on-site Principal Investigator of the Mexican American Prevalence and Services Survey (MAPSS), the largest mental health study conducted in the U.S. on Mexican Americans. He is a member of the National Advisory Mental Health Council (NAMHC), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). He holds several World Health Organization (WHO) advisory board and consulting positions, and is the Coordinator for Latin America and the Caribbean of the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Consortium. He is also Chair Elect of the Board of Directors of the National Mental Health Association (NMHA) and a member of the NMHA's Executive Board of Directors. He is actively involved in several key areas of national and international mental health. His extensive research includes cross-national comparative epidemiologic research on patterns and correlates of mental disorders and substance abuse in general population samples, and the development of culturally and linguistically sensitive mental health diagnostic instruments and the delivery of culturally and linguistically appropriate treatments. He is a licensed clinical-community psychologist who formally trained in cognitive-behavioral therapy for depressive and anxiety disorders with over two decades of experience providing psychotherapy services to Spanish-speaking consumers and their families.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Depression in Latinos;2
1.1;Foreword;7
1.2;Contents;11
1.3;Contributors;13
1.4;Introduction;18
2;Part 1: Sociodemographic, Epidemiological, Linguistic, and Cultural Factors in Depression in Latinos;21
3;The Context of Depression in Latinos in the United States;22
3.1;Personal Journey: Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola;22
3.1.1;Introduction;22
3.2;The Latino Population in the United States;25
3.2.1;Mexicans;27
3.2.2;Puerto Ricans;27
3.2.3;Cubans;27
3.2.4;Dominicans;28
3.2.5;Central and South Americans;28
3.3;Cultural Issues, Values, and Constructs;28
3.3.1;The Importance of Culture in Mental Illness;28
3.3.2;Idioms of Distress;30
3.3.3;Cultural Constructs;31
3.3.4;Culture Bound Syndromes;32
3.4;General Characteristics of the Latino Population;33
3.4.1;Religion;34
3.5;Depression in Latinos;35
3.5.1;Prevalence;35
3.6;Risk and Protective Factors for Depression;37
3.6.1;Risk Factors;37
3.6.2;Protective Factors;38
3.6.3;Comorbid Conditions;38
3.6.4;Disability, Morbidity, and Mortality in the Elderly;39
3.7;Health Care Beliefs and Behaviors, and Health Services Utilization;39
3.7.1;Beliefs and Behaviors;39
3.7.2;Health Service Utilization;40
3.8;Conclusions;41
3.9;References;41
4;Latino Population Demographics, Risk Factors, and Depression: A Case Study of the Mexican American Prevalence and Services Survey;48
4.1;Personal Journey: William A. Vega;48
4.2;Personal Journey: William M. Sribney;49
4.3;Introduction;49
4.4;Population Structure of U.S. Latinos;50
4.5;Major Depression in Different Latino Populations;53
4.6;Description of the MAPSS Methodology;56
4.7;Characteristics of the MAPSS Study Population;56
4.8;Lifetime Major Depressive Episodes Compared to Anxiety and Substance Disorders;59
4.8.1;Immigrant Age at Arrival and Major Depression;60
4.9;Assimilation and Depression;62
4.10;The Impact of Disrupted Marital Status;63
4.11;Parental Risk Factors, Social Assimilation, and Depression;65
4.12;Conclusions;67
4.13;References;69
5;Descriptive Epidemiology of Depression in Latin America and Hispanics in the United States;72
5.1;Personal Journey: Guilherme Borges;72
5.2;Introduction;73
5.3;Methods;75
5.3.1;Samples;75
5.3.2;Measures;77
5.3.2.1;Diagnostic;77
5.3.2.2;Prevalence;77
5.3.2.3;Disorder Severity;77
5.3.2.4;Role Impairment;78
5.3.2.5;Treatment Sectors;78
5.3.3;Analyses;79
5.3.3.1;Results;79
5.4;Discussion;85
5.5;Conclusion;87
5.6;References;87
6;Comorbidity: Depression and Substance Abuse;91
6.1;Personal Journey: María Elena Medina-Mora;91
6.2;Introduction;91
6.3;Definitions and Theory;93
6.3.1;Tobacco Smoking and Depression;93
6.3.2;Cocaine Abuse and Depression;94
6.3.3;Alcohol and Depression;95
6.4;Substance Abuse and Depression: The Context;95
6.4.1;Sociocultural Issues;95
6.5;Extent of Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders;97
6.5.1;Alcohol Abuse;98
6.6;Abuse of Other Substances;101
6.6.1;Mental Disorders;102
6.7;Comorbidity;103
6.8;Treatment of Comorbid Disorders;104
6.9;Conclusion;105
6.10;References;105
7;Cultural Considerations in the Diagnosis and Classification of Depression: The Hispanic Perspective;110
7.1;Personal Journey: Renato D. Alarcón;110
7.2;Introduction;112
7.3;Sociocultural Characteristics of Hispanic Populations;114
7.4;Cultural Dimensions in the Diagnosis of Depression among Hispanics;116
7.5;DSM-IV-TR Cultural Formulation and the Hispanic Depressed Patient;119
7.6;Suggestions for Diagnosis and Classification of Depression among Hispanics;121
7.6.1;General;121
7.6.2;Specific;122
7.7;A Research Agenda;124
7.8;Conclusions;126
7.9;References;127
8;Part 2: Prevention, Screening, Assessment, and Diagnosis of Depression;131
9;Prevention of Depression in Latinos;132
9.1;Personal Journey: John Pérez;132
9.2;Personal Journey: Ricardo Muñoz;133
9.3;Introduction;134
9.4;Levels of Prevention;135
9.5;Randomized, Controlled Prevention Trials Focusing on Depressive Symptoms;136
9.6;Randomized, Controlled Trials Designed to Prevent Major Depressive Episodes;137
9.7;Enhancing Cultural Competency in Depression Prevention Interventions;140
9.8;Risk Factors for Depression;142
9.9;Socioeconomic Status;142
9.10;Residence in the United States;143
9.11;Enhancing Protective Factors;144
9.12;Social Support/Family Network;144
9.13;Religion and Spirituality;145
9.14;Multilevel, Multidisciplinary Approach;145
9.15;Use of Innovative Delivery Methods;146
9.16;Conclusions;149
9.17;References;149
10;Assessment of Depression Symptoms: Self-report Paper-and-Pencil and Computerized Questionnaires;156
10.1;Personal Journey: Gerardo M. González;156
10.2;Detection of Depression;157
10.3;Obstacles to Depression Assessment and Services for Latinos;157
10.4;Conventional Methods of Depression Screening;158
10.4.1;The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II );158
10.4.2;The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D);158
10.4.3;The Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI);160
10.4.4;Reynolds Child and Adolescent Depression Scales;160
10.4.5;Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS);161
10.4.6;Limitations of Conventional Screening;161
10.5;Computerized Assessment of Depression;161
10.6;Telephone-Assisted Computerized Screening;164
10.7;The Voice-Interactive Depression Assessment System (VIDAS);166
10.8;Future Directions in Depression Screening Methods;169
10.8.1;Computerized Assessment with Latino Children;169
10.8.2;Comorbidity;169
10.8.3;The Internet;170
10.9;Practical Implications of Depression Screening for Latinos;170
10.10;Conclusion;171
10.11;References;171
11;Diagnosis of Depression Among Latino Children and Adults;177
11.1;Personal Journey: Antonio J. Polo;177
11.2;Personal Journey: Steven R. López;178
11.3;Introduction;179
11.4;Classification and Diagnostic Criteria for Depressive Disorders;179
11.5;Major Depressive Disorder;179
11.5.1;Criteria for Major Depressive Episode (DSM-IV-TR; APA, 2000);180
11.6;Dysthymic Disorder;181
11.6.1;Criteria for Dysthymic Disorder (APA, 2000);181
11.7;Diagnostic Instruments for Depressive Disorders;184
11.8;Diagnostic Instruments for Adults;185
11.9;Diagnostic Instruments for Children and Adolescents;187
11.10;Psychometric Properties of Depression Diagnostic Instruments;189
11.11;Test-Retest Reliability Findings;189
11.12;Concurrent Validity Findings;193
11.13;Translation and ‘‘Real World’’ Considerations;195
11.14;Summary;197
11.15;References;197
12;Part 3: Treatment of Depression;201
13;Psychosocial Treatments for Depression with Adult Latinos;202
13.1;Personal Journey: Guillermo Bernal;202
13.2;Introduction;203
13.3;Historical Conceptualization of Depression;203
13.4;Ethnic Differences in the Concept of Depression;204
13.5;Epidemiology;204
13.6;Psychosocial Treatment for Depression;205
13.7;Cognitive Behavior Therapy;205
13.7.1;Treatment of Depression;206
13.7.1.1;Working with Cognitions;207
13.7.1.2;Pleasant Activities;207
13.7.1.3;Contact with People;208
13.7.2;Cultural Adaptations of CBT;208
13.7.3;Effectiveness of CBT with Latinos;209
13.8;Interpersonal Psychotherapy;210
13.8.1;Interpersonal Problem Areas;211
13.8.1.1;Grief;212
13.8.1.2;Interpersonal Disputes;212
13.8.1.3;Role Transitions;212
13.8.1.4;Interpersonal Deficits;212
13.8.2;Effectiveness of IPT with Latinos;213
13.9;Visions for the Future and Recommendations;213
13.10;References;215
14;Pharmacological Treatment of Depression in Hispanic Americans;218
14.1;Personal Journey: Alex J. Kopelowicz;218
14.2;Introduction;219
14.3;Efficacy of Antidepressant Treatment in Hispanic Americans;220
14.4;Efficacy of Pharmacologic Versus Psychotherapy Treatment for Depressed Hispanics;221
14.5;Preference and Acceptability of Antidepressant Treatment Among Hispanics;222
14.6;Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes;224
14.6.1;Drug Metabolizing Enzymes;224
14.6.1.1;CYP2D6;225
14.6.1.2;CYP2C19;225
14.6.1.3;CYP1A2;226
14.6.1.4;CYP3A4;226
14.7;Environmental Factors;227
14.7.1;Traditional and Alternative Healing Methods;227
14.7.2;Dietary Effects;228
14.8;Placebo Effects;229
14.9;Compliance;229
14.10;Coexisting Conditions;230
14.11;Discussion and Recommendations;231
14.12;References;232
15;Community-Based Interventions for Depression;237
15.1;Personal Journey: Jeanne Miranda;237
15.2;Introduction;237
15.3;Treatment of Depression in Latinos;238
15.4;Treatment of Depression in Medical Settings;240
15.5;Community-Based Interventions to Improve Access to Appropriate Care;241
15.6;Vision of the Future and Recommendations;244
15.7;References;244
16;Part 4: Gender and Life-Cycle Issues;249
17;Women and Depression: The Influence of Gender in Major Depressive Disorder;250
17.1;Personal Journey: María Asunción Lara;250
17.2;Gender Differences in Depression;250
17.3;Experience of Depression in Latinas;251
17.4;Explaining Gender Differences in Depression Rates;252
17.5;Biological Explanations;252
17.5.1;Genetic Factors;252
17.6;Reproductive Hormones;253
17.6.1;Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period;253
17.7;Psychosocial Explanations;254
17.8;Risk Factors for Depression in Women;255
17.8.1;Childhood and Adverse Conditions;255
17.8.2;Life Events and Social Support;256
17.9;Domestic Violence;257
17.10;Women’s Status in Societies and Gender Roles;258
17.11;Marital Status and Childcare;258
17.12;The Cost of Caring for Others;259
17.13;Paid Work;260
17.14;Poverty;260
17.15;Migration and Nativity;261
17.16;Assessment, Treatment and Prevention of Depression in Women;262
17.16.1;Assessment;262
17.16.2;Treatment;262
17.16.3;Preventing Depression;262
17.17;Use of Mental Health Services by Latinas;263
17.18;Recommendations;264
17.19;References;265
18;Depression in Latino Children and Adolescents: Prevalence, Prevention, and Treatment;273
18.1;Personal Journey: Guillermo Bernal and Jeannette Rosselló;273
18.2;Introduction and Epidemiology of Depression;273
18.3;Prevention of Depression;275
18.4;Treatment of Depression in Latino Youth;276
18.5;Vision for the Future and Recommendations;279
18.6;References;282
19;Epidemiology, Assessment, and Treatment of Depression in Older Latinos;286
19.1;Personal Journey: Ladson Hinton;286
19.2;Personal Journey: Pat Areán;286
19.3;Demography of Aging in Latinos;287
19.4;Epidemiology: Prevalence, Correlates, and Consequences;288
19.4.1;Prevalence of Depression in Community Settings;288
19.4.2;Prevalence of Depression in Primary-Care Settings;289
19.4.3;Risk Factors Associated with Depression;290
19.5;Patterns of Treatment for Depression;293
19.6;Assessing Depression in Older Latinos;294
19.7;Validity of MDD Criteria in Elderly;295
19.8;Psychosocial Interventions;297
19.9;Pharmacological Treatment Approaches;298
19.10;Depression and Dementia;300
19.11;Depression and the Family;301
19.12;Depression and Substance Abuse;301
19.13;Adherence and Access to Care;302
19.14;Cultural and Linguistic Considerations;302
19.15;Depression and End-of-Life Care;302
19.16;Summary;303
19.17;References;303
20;Epilogue;308
21;About the Editors;309
22;About the Authors;311
23;Index;317