Al-Obaid / Bangash Trauma - An Engineering Analysis

With Medical Case Studies Investigation
1. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-3-540-36308-8
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 843 Seiten

A number of books and research papers have been published on trauma and biomechanics.Theyhavesofarnotbeenrealisticallyintegrated.Thebasicaim ofthisbookistopresentauni?edapproachbetweentheengineeringandm- ical professions. The available engineering analyses and mathematical models can be interlinked and glued together with the medical ?ndings by means of surgeries and X-rays/scans. They can be translated into vastly developed computer programs predicting e?ects of plasticity, temperature, cracking, and crushing with and without muscles and other interlocking phenomenon. The available mathematical-cum-engineering model on trauma and bone mechanics are then linked to the ?nite element analysis and to a computer programinwhichprovisionsaremadetocaterforallpossibleeventualitiesand medicalparameters.Theproblemencounteredbysurgeriescanbeeasilybe- corporated into hybrid ?nite element computer programs such as PROGRAM ISOPARusedinthisbook.Inallcasestudiesthesurgicalin?uenceshavebeen considered together with the bone material data for both the operational, nonoperational and overloading behaviour of the human body structure. In all circumstances the human body structure and its important elements were treated as composite. The bone-blood interaction has been incorporated in ordertoobtainrealisticsolutions.Materialpropertiesinthree-dimensionhave always been considered in throughout in various investigations. Engineering analysis of trauma is being continuously developed taking into consideration the ever increasing changes in analytical, design, safety, and manufacturing techniques. The engineering advances in that direction are steadily gaining international acceptance in the wide sense of the medical profession.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Al-Obaid, Y. F.

Bangash, F. N.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Dedication;8
3;Acknowledgement;9
3.1;Coversion Table;10
4;Contents;12
5;1 Trauma and Traumatic Injuries: General Introduction;24
5.1;1.1 Trauma Types and Management;24
5.2;1.2 Definitions;28
5.3;1.3 Human Body Regions and Organs;39
5.4;1.4 Brain Structure and Trauma;43
5.5;1.5 Thorax, Chest, and Shoulder;63
5.6;1.6 Traumatic Injuries of the Upper Extremities;66
5.7;1.7 Trauma and Abdominal Injuries;70
5.8;1.8 Trauma, Lower Limb, and Pelvis;72
5.9;1.9 Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATD);76
6;2 Mechanics of Fracture and Dislocation;99
6.1;2.1 Introduction;99
6.2;2.2 Fractures and Dislocations;102
6.3;2.3 Dislocations;122
6.4;2.4 Instability;124
6.5;2.5 Initial Theory of Elasticity in Three Dimensions: A Step- by- Step Analysis;124
6.6;2.6 Strength Theories and Design;127
6.7;2.7 Initiation of Fracture;128
6.8;2.8 Four-Parameter Model;129
6.9;2.9 Finite Element Analysis for Traumatic Injury and Fracture;146
6.10;2.10 Hallquist et al. Method as Gap and Contact Element;153
7;3 Bones: Tissues and Material Properties;156
7.1;3.1 Introduction;156
7.2;3.2 The Cells of Bone and the Structure of Tissues;159
7.3;3.3 Summary;165
7.4;3.4 Material Properties as Input in Numerical Models;166
7.5;3.5 Fatigue Strength of Cancellous Bone;169
7.6;3.6 Additional Material Properties of Cortical Bone;171
8;4 Material Properties, Clinical Data on Tolerance Thresholds Used for Assessing Numerical Modeling;173
8.1;4.1 General Information;173
8.2;4.2 Carbon Fibers-High Modulus Fibers;173
8.3;4.3 Biomedical Materials;185
8.4;4.4 Human Body Geometry: Nonlinear Material Properties;193
8.5;4.5 Material Properties and Stress Analysis Material Identification Symbols;196
8.6;4.6 Experimental Materials and Data for Finite Element Analysis;197
8.7;4.7 Material Data on Cortical and Cancellous Bone for the Finite Element and Experimental Test Results;204
8.8;4.8 Solid Modeling Using of the Human Tibia Using Finite Element;205
8.9;4.9 Material Properties for Lumbar Intervertebral Joint;206
8.10;4.10 Modeling of Bones and Finite Element Input;207
8.11;4.11 Finite Element Knee Models;207
8.12;4.12 Traumatic Injury Tolerance Thresholder;209
8.13;4.13 Thoracic Trauma Index (TTI);214
8.14;4.14 Plasters as Clinical Materials for Trauma Patients;217
9;5 Medical Test Case Studies on Traumatic Surgeries;226
9.1;5.1 General Introduction;226
9.2;5.2 Elbow X-Ray Plain Film: Case Study;227
9.3;5.3 Anterior Dislocation Right Shoulder;232
9.4;5.4 Psoriatic Arthritis;236
9.5;5.5 Salter–Harris Fractures;240
9.6;5.6 Hand Fracture;240
9.7;5.7 Foot/Ankle Traumatic Injury (Reference Plates 5.20– 5.24);242
9.8;5.8 Leg X-Rays Traumatic Injuries (Reference: Plates 5.25– 5.31);247
9.9;5.9 Lumber: Flexion–Distraction, Osseous–Ligamentous Fracture;253
9.10;5.10 Skull;254
9.11;5.11 Ankle;259
9.12;5.12 Segond Fracture with Associated ACL Tear ( Plate 5.43);263
9.13;5.13 Rib Fracture: Stages of Healing;264
9.14;5.14 Knee: ACL Tear (Plate 5.48);268
10;6 Medical Devices, Surgical Equipment and Methodologies;274
10.1;6.1 General Introduction;274
10.2;6.2 Spine: Lumbosacral Axial Fixation Device;274
10.3;6.3 Hand Mechanism with High Degrees of Freedom;277
10.4;6.4 Prosthetic Sockets;280
10.5;6.5 Shoulder Prosthesis and Reconstruction;284
10.6;6.6 3D Knee and Foundation Total Knee System;286
10.7;6.7 Total Hip System;289
10.8;6.8 Traumatic Injuries and Orthopedic Devices/ Hardware ( Screws, Plates, Wires, and Pins);295
10.9;6.9 A Device for Assessment of Hand and Wrist Coronal Plane Strength;314
10.10;6.10 Cranial Stabilization and Retractor Systems;317
11;7 The Engineering Analysis of Medical Case Studies;323
11.1;7.1 Femur with Hip Endoprosthesis;323
11.2;7.2 The Human Skull: An Engineering Analysis;361
11.3;7.3 A Relevant Engineering Analysis of the Traumatic Knee Injuries;384
11.4;7.4 Traumatic Injury Analysis of Spine/Vertebra ( Plate 7.28);394
11.5;7.5 Hand and Wrist Trauma Under Impact Loading Using Three- Dimensional Finite Element Analysis;402
11.6;7.6 Simulation of Lower Extremity Traumatic Injuries in Sport;408
11.7;7.7 The Solid Modeling of the Human Leg in a Car Accident;415
11.8;7.8 Traumatic Damages to Achilles Tendon;418
11.9;7.9 Fractures about Shoulder, Arm and Elbow Joint Fracture;422
11.10;7.10 Trauma of a Female Bladder Due to Dynamic Loads Caused by a Short Cough and Other Impacts;426
11.11;7.11 Posterior Rib Fractures from Side Airbag Deployment;443
12;8 Traumatic Injuries, Complications, and Management;447
12.1;8.1 Head Traumatic Injury Complications and Management;447
12.2;8.2 Diagnostic Strategies and Management;452
12.3;8.3 Radiology;452
12.4;8.4 Trauma Types vs. Management;453
12.5;8.5 Fractures of Capitellum and Trochlea;467
12.6;8.6 Epidemiology;468
12.7;8.7 Functional Anatomy;468
12.8;8.8 Fracture Classification;469
12.9;8.9 Clinical Evaluation and Radiography;470
12.10;8.10 Treatment Approach and Management;471
12.11;8.11 Results: Based on Management cum Surgical Techniques;474
12.12;8.12 Cervical Spine Injury;475
12.13;8.13 Abdominal Injury;478
12.14;8.14 Management of Traumatic Injuries: Head, Scalp, Cranium, and Brain;482
12.15;8.15 Fractures of Hip;483
12.16;8.16 The Dislocated Knee;504
12.17;8.17 Leg Emergencies;520
12.18;8.18 Traumatic Fracture of Distal Humerus;523
13;9 Trauma Management, Safety, and Health;529
13.1;9.1 General Introduction;529
13.2;9.2 Trauma and Safe Systems of Work;529
13.3;9.3 Principle of Accident Prevention Related to Trauma;537
13.4;9.4 Major Incidents and Emergency Procedures Causing Trauma and Traumatic Injuries;540
14;APPENDICES;541
14.1;APPENDICES I-IV RELATED TO TRAUMA ENGINEERING ANALYSES AND COMPUTATIONS;542
14.1.1;I Three-Dimensional Cracking Phenomenon and Crack Calculations;543
14.1.2;II Finite Element Program ISOPAR-Major Subroutines;548
14.1.3;III Threshold Limits;591
14.1.4;IV Injury and Protection Criteria;598
14.2;APPENDICES V-X RELATED TO MEDICAL EQUIPMENT USED IN TRAUMATIC SURGERIES AND CASE STUDIES;608
14.2.1;V Knee Systems and Instrumentation;609
14.2.2;VI Surgical Technique;634
14.2.3;VII Total Hip System;656
14.2.4;VIII Recon Nailing System;690
14.2.5;IX Small Bone External Fixation System;717
14.2.6;X Polyethylene Products, Usage and Surgical Protocol;744
15;REFERENCES/BIBLIOGRAPHY;770
15.1;References/Bibliography;771
16;Index;844