Albaiges / Hutzinger / Safe Analytical Techniques in Environmental Chemistry

Proceedings of the International Congress, Barcelona, Spain, November 1978
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-5883-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 658 Seiten, Web PDF

Analytical Techniques in Environmental Chemistry contains the Proceedings of the International Congress held at Barcelona, Spain in November 1978. Separating 60 papers of the Congress as chapters, this book begins with a description of the natural and pollutant organic compounds in contemporary aquatic environments; recognition of the sources of isoprenoid alkanes in recent environments; and patterns of hydrocarbon contamination in California coastal waters. Other topics discuss include determination of trace level hydrocarbons in marine biota; recent progress in polycyclic aromatic chemistry and its significance for environmental chemistry; profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in suspended particles; and chemical carcinogenesis.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Albaiges, J.

Hutzinger, O.

Safe, S.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Analytical Techniques in Environmental Chemistry;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Foreword;12
6;Chapter 1. Environmental Chemistry - An Interdisciplinary Subject. Natural and Pollutant Organic Compounds in Contemporary Aquatic Environments;14
6.1;ABSTRACT;14
6.2;INTRODUCTION;14
6.3;ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN RECENT AQUATIC SEDIMENTS;15
6.4;CHARACTERISATION OF MIXTURES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS.;19
6.5;LIPID INDICATORS OF THE ORIGIN AND DIAGENESIS OFSEDIMENTARY ORGANIC MATTER.;21
6.6;DISTINGUISHING NATURAL AND POLLUTANT INPUTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT: AN EXAMPLE;24
6.7;CONCLUSIONS;31
6.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;31
6.9;REFERENCES;31
7;Chapter 2. Recognition of the Sources of Isoprenoid Alkanes in Recent Environments;36
7.1;ABSTRACT;36
7.2;INTRODUCTION;36
7.3;EXPERIMENTAL;38
7.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;39
7.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;43
7.6;REFERENCES;43
8;Chapter 3. Patterns of Hydrocarbon Contaminationin California Coastal Waters;46
8.1;ABSTRACT;46
8.2;INTRODUCTION;46
8.3;EXPERIMENTAL;47
8.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;49
8.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;53
8.6;LITERATURE CITED;53
9;Chapter 4. Determination of Trace Level Hydrocarbons in Marine Biota;54
9.1;ABSTRACT;54
9.2;INTRODUCTION;54
9.3;EXPERIMENTAL;55
9.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;57
9.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;63
9.6;REFERENCES;64
10;Chapter 5. Shipboard Intercalibration of Filters used in the Measurement of Particulate Organic Carbon;66
10.1;ABSTRACT;66
10.2;INTRODUCTION;66
10.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;68
10.4;RESULTS;69
10.5;DISCUSSION;71
10.6;CONCLUSIONS;74
10.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;75
10.8;LITERATURE CITED;75
11;Chapter 6. Determination and Identification of Hydrocarbon Pollutants by Thin-layer Chromatography;76
11.1;ABSTRACT;76
11.2;INTRODUCTION;76
11.3;EXPERIMENTAL;77
11.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;78
11.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;81
11.6;REFERENCES;81
12;Chapter 7. Fingerprinting Petroleum Pollutants in the Mediterranean Sea;82
12.1;ABSTRACT;82
12.2;KEY WORDS;82
12.3;INTRODUCTION;82
12.4;EXPERIMENTAL;84
12.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;84
12.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;93
12.7;REFERENCES;94
13;Chapter 8. Recent Progress in Polycyclic Aromatic Chemistry and its Significance for Environmental Chemistry;96
13.1;ABSTRACT;96
13.2;INTRODUCTION;96
13.3;THE LOCALIZATION ENERGY CONCEPT IN PAH CHEMISTRY;98
13.4;RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TOPOLOGY, STABILITY, AND REACTIVITY OF PAH;100
13.5;THE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN Nu PATTERN AND CHARACTEROGRAMS OF PAH;103
13.6;CHARACTER ORDERS IN THE EXCITED STATE, AND PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF PAH;104
13.7;THE UTILIZATION OF SPECIFIC PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PAH IN ANALYSIS;105
13.8;THE APPLICATION OF HIGH-PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY IN PAH ANALYSIS;107
13.9;REFERENCES;107
14;Chapter 9. Determination of Particulate Organic Matter in Environmental Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and High Pressure Liquid Chromatography ;110
14.1;ABSTRACT;110
14.2;KEYWORDS;110
14.3;INTRODUCTION;110
14.4;EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE;113
14.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;118
14.6;CONCLUSIONS;122
14.7;REFERENCES;122
15;Chapter 10. Profiles of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Suspended Particles;124
15.1;ABSTRACT;124
15.2;KEYWORDS;124
15.3;INTRODUCTION;124
15.4;DISCUSSION;129
15.5;REFERENCES;131
16;Chapter 11. Method Development and Monitoring of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Selected U.S. Waters ;132
16.1;ABSTRACT;132
16.2;INTRODUCTION;132
16.3;EXPERIMENTAL;133
16.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;134
16.5;REFERENCES;139
17;Chapter 12. A Novel Luminescence Instrument for Rapid Identification and Monitoring of Aromatics in Environmental Chemistry ;140
17.1;ABSTRACT;140
17.2;INTRODUCTION;140
17.3;INSTRUMENT DESIGN;142
17.4;APPLICATIONS;145
17.5;CONCLUSIONS;146
17.6;REFERENCES;146
18;Chapter 13. Analysis of C6-C20 Hydrocarbons in Semi Rural Zones by High Resolution Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry ;148
18.1;ABSTRACT;148
18.2;KEY WORDS;148
18.3;INTRODUCTION;148
18.4;EXPERIMENTAL;148
18.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;152
18.6;REFERENCES;152
19;Chaptre 14. Quantitative Analysis of Methylchloride in the Atmosphere by Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection ;154
19.1;ABSTRACT;154
19.2;INTRODUCTION;154
19.3;EXPERIMENTAL;155
19.4;RESULTS;156
19.5;CONCLUSION;161
19.6;REFERENCES;161
20;Chapter 15. A Recent Case of Environmental Pollution: Some Analytical Applications ;164
20.1;ABSTRACT;164
20.2;KEYWORDS;164
20.3;REFERENCES;168
20.4;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;168
21;Chapter 16. Evaluation of Organochlorine Compounds in the Emissions of Urban Incinerators;170
21.1;ABSTRACT;170
21.2;INTRODUCTION;170
21.3;EXPERIMENTAL;171
21.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;174
21.5;CONCLUSIONS;179
21.6;REFERENCES;179
22;Chapter 17. Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Related Halogenated Compounds;180
22.1;ABSTRACT;180
22.2;INTRODUCTION;180
22.3;ANALYSIS AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE CONCENTRATION.;185
22.4;ENVIRONMENTAL FATE PROFILE FOR PCB.;186
22.5;COMPOUNDS TO REPLACE PCB.;194
22.6;CUTOFF DATES FOR CERTAIN PCB USAGES AS ESTABLISHED BY TOSCA (U.S.A.);194
22.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;196
22.8;REFERENCES;196
23;Chapter 18. Characterization of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in the Marine Environment: Sampling and Analytical Aspects. ;198
23.1;ABSTRACT;198
23.2;KEYWORDS;198
23.3;DESCRIPTION OF SAMPLING EQUIPMENT;198
23.4;SPECTRAL ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE FOR POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS;200
23.5;REFERENCES;209
24;Chapter 19. Determination of Phenylurea Herbicides and their Metabolites by High Performance Liquid Chromatography ;210
24.1;ABSTRACT;210
24.2;KEYWORDS;210
24.3;INTRODUCTION;210
24.4;EXPERIMENTAL;210
24.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;211
24.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;213
24.7;REFERENCES;213
25;Chapter 20. Microanalysis of Aminotriazole by High Performance Liquid Chromatography ;216
25.1;ABSTRACT;216
25.2;KEY WORDS;216
25.3;INTRODUCTION;216
25.4;EXPERIMENTAL PART;217
25.5;CHARACTERISTICS OF THE METHOD;218
25.6;APPLICATIONS OF THE METHOD;220
25.7;CONCLUSION;221
25.8;BIBLIOGRAPHY;221
26;Chapter 21. Chemical Carcinogenesis: A Natural and Man-made Global Environmental Problem ;224
26.1;ABSTRACT;224
26.2;INTRODUCTION;224
26.3;COMPOUNDS WITH CARCINOGENIC ACTIVITY;227
26.4;ANALYSIS OF CARCINOGENS IN FOOD;241
26.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;242
26.6;REFERENCES;242
27;Chapter 22. N6-(Methylnitroso) Adenosine: a Carcinogen of Environmental Significance ;250
27.1;ABSTRACT;250
27.2;KEYWORDS;250
27.3;INTRODUCTION;250
27.4;ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY;252
27.5;RESULTS;254
27.6;DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS;255
27.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;256
27.8;REFERENCES;256
28;Chapter 23. Gas Chromatographic - Mass Spectrometric Studies on Styrene Toxicity ;258
28.1;ABSTRACT;258
28.2;KEYWORDS;258
28.3;INTRODUCTION;259
28.4;MATERIALS AND METHODS;262
28.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;269
28.6;CONCLUSIONS;288
28.7;REFERENCES;288
29;Chapter 24. Computerized GC/MS for Solving Problems in Water Pollution R. A. HITES;294
29.1;ABSTRACT;294
29.2;KEYWORDS;294
29.3;INTRODUCTION;294
29.4;EXPERIMENTAL;296
29.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;297
29.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;301
29.7;REFERENCES;305
30;Chapter 25. Industrial Wastes as a Source of Chemicals Entering the Environment ;306
30.1;ABSTRACT;306
30.2;INTRODUCTION;306
30.3;EXPERIMENTAL;306
30.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;307
30.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;309
30.6;REFERENCES;312
31;Chapter 26. Environmental Analysis from an Industrial Point of View ;314
31.1;ABSTRACT;314
31.2;THE RELATION BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT;314
31.3;ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS IN THE CONTROL OF WASTE STREAMS;315
31.4;ANALYSIS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF PRODUCTS;316
31.5;SOME LEGAL ASPECTS;318
31.6;REFERENCES;319
32;Chapter 27. Design of the Organics Analysis in an Environmental Monitoring System ;320
32.1;ABSTRACT;320
32.2;KEYWORDS;320
32.3;INTRODUCTION;320
32.4;SELECTION OF ANALYTICAL METHODS;321
32.5;COST CONSIDERATIONS;323
32.6;THE PRIORITY POLLUTANT PROGRAM;324
32.7;REFERENCES;329
32.8;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;329
33;Chapter 28. Automatic Analysis of Organic Pollutants in Water via a Calculator-controlled GC/MS;330
33.1;ABSTRACT;330
33.2;EXPERIMENTAL;330
33.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;331
33.4;CONCLUSION;337
33.5;REFERENCES;337
34;Chapter 29. Trace Analysis of Organics in Water by Gas Chromatography ;338
34.1;ABSTRACT;338
34.2;INTRODUCTION;338
34.3;VOLATILES IN WATER;339
34.4;PESTICIDES - PCB'S;342
34.5;BASE NEUTRALS;342
34.6;ACIDIC COMPOUNDS - PHENOLS;342
34.7;SUNMARY;346
34.8;REFERENCES;346
35;Chapter 30. Analysis of Volatile Components in Waste Water from a Urea-formaldehyde Glue Plant ;348
35.1;ABSTRACT;348
35.2;KEYWORDS;348
35.3;INTRODUCTION;348
35.4;RESULTS;350
35.5;REFERENCES;356
36;Chapter 31. Application of an Element Specific Microwave Plasma Detector to the Identification and Quantification of Micropollutants in Water ;358
36.1;ABSTRACT;358
36.2;INTRODUCTION;358
36.3;EXPERIMENTAL;359
36.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS;360
36.5;CONCLUSIONS;364
36.6;REFERENCES;364
36.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;365
37;Chapter 32. Multicomponent UV Spectral Analysis of Aquatic Organics;366
37.1;ABSTRACT;366
37.2;INTRODUCTION;366
37.3;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;376
37.4;CONCLUSIONS;376
37.5;REFERENCES;377
38;Chapter 33. Microflora and Microfauna of Waste Waters;380
38.1;ABSTRACT;380
38.2;INTRODUCTION;380
38.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;381
38.4;REFERENCES;385
39;Chapter 34. The Surveillance of Coastal MarineWaters with Bivalves - The Mussel Watch ;386
39.1;ABSTRACT;386
39.2;KEY WORDS;386
39.3;INTRODUCTION;386
39.4;SAMPLING STRATEGIES;388
39.5;ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES;389
39.6;LIBRARY OF MUSSEL SAMPLES;392
39.7;BIBLIOGRAPHY OF POLLUTANTS IN BIVALVES;392
39.8;IDENTIFICATION OF PRIORITY RESEARCH AREAS;392
39.9;INITIAL RESULTS OF THE U.S. MUSSEL WATCH PROGRAM;393
39.10;FUTURE DIRECTIONS;398
39.11;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;398
39.12;REFERENCES;399
40;Chapter 35. Environmental Dynamics of Trace Organics Contaminants in Estuarine and Coastal Zone Ecosystems ;400
40.1;ABSTRACT;400
40.2;INTRODUCTION;400
40.3;THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS;400
40.4;PREDICTION OF ECOSYSTEMS DISTRIBUTION;405
41;Chapter 36. A Method of Data Analysis on the Distribution of Chemical Elements in the Biosphere ;414
41.1;ABSTRACT;414
41.2;INTRODUCTION;414
41.3;EXPERIMENTAL;415
41.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;416
41.5;CONCLUSION;421
41.6;REFERENCES;421
42;Chapter 37. Chemical Changes in the Sediments of Loch Eil Arising from the Input of Cellulose Fibre ;422
42.1;ABSTRACT;422
42.2;INTRODUCTION;422
42.3;METHODS;424
42.4;RESULTS;425
42.5;DISCUSSION;427
42.6;REFERENCES;430
43;Chapter 38. Organic Carbon in a Scottish Sea Loch;432
43.1;ABSTRACT;432
43.2;KEYWORDS;432
43.3;INTRODUCTION;432
43.4;EXPERIMENTAL;433
43.5;RESULTS;434
43.6;DISCUSSION;435
43.7;CONCLUSION;439
43.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;439
43.9;REFERENCES;439
44;Chapter 39. Analytical Techniques Used in the Monitoring of Radioactive Discharges from the CEGB Nuclear Power Stations ;440
44.1;ABSTRACT;440
44.2;KEYWORDS;440
44.3;INTRODUCTION;440
44.4;LIQUID EFFLUENTS;441
44.5;ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES;442
44.6;CALIBRATION AND STANDARDISATION;451
44.7;CONCLUSIONS;451
44.8;REFERENCES;452
45;Chapter 40. Activation Analysis of As, Hg and Se in Some Marine Organisms;454
45.1;ABSTRACT;454
45.2;KEYWORDS;454
45.3;INTRODUCTION;454
45.4;EXPERIMENTA;455
45.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;457
45.6;REFERENCES;460
46;Chapter 41. Application of Ion-exchange Techniques to the Analysis of Natural Waters for Toxic Metals ;462
46.1;ABSTRACT;462
46.2;KEYWOHDS;463
46.3;INTRODUCTION;463
46.4;DISCUSSION;463
46.5;REFERENCES;472
47;Chapter 42. Optimized Selenite Determination in Environmental Waters by X-ray Fluorescence;476
47.1;ABSTRACT;476
47.2;INTRODUCTION;476
47.3;EXPERIMENTAL;476
47.4;OPTIMIZATION OF THE PROCEDURE FOR X-RAY FLUORESCENCE;477
47.5;OPTIMAL CONDITIONS FOR SELENTTE RECOVERY.;479
47.6;EVALUATION OF THE PROCEDURE.;479
47.7;CONCLUSION;480
47.8;ACKISOOJDGEMENT.;481
47.9;REFERENCES.;481
48;Chapter 43. Comparison of Methods of Trace Element Enrichment for XRF Determination ;482
48.1;ABSTRACT;482
48.2;KEYWORDS;482
48.3;INTRODUCTION;482
48.4;EXPERIMENTAL;483
48.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;485
48.6;CONCLUSION;486
48.7;REFERENCES;488
48.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;489
49;Chapter 44. Use of Electron Microscope X-ray Analysis in the Determination of Detoxication Mechanisms for Heavy Metals in Shellfish;490
49.1;ABSTRACT;490
49.2;INTRODUCTION;490
49.3;ELECTRON PROBE X-RAY MICROANALYSIS IN BIOLOGY;491
49.4;INSTRUMENTATION;491
49.5;PREPARATION OF TISSUES;492
49.6;STUDIES WITH NETAL EXPOSED MUSSELS;493
49.7;STUDIES WITH NATURALLY POLLUTED OYSTERS;495
49.8;CONCLUSIONS AND A CAUTIONARY NOTE;496
49.9;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;496
49.10;REFERENCES;496
50;Chapter 45. Studies of Trace Elements Movements in the Environment by X-ray Emission Spectroscopy;498
50.1;ABSTRACT;498
50.2;INTRODUCTION;498
50.3;EXPERIMENTAL METHOD;499
50.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;499
50.5;CONCLUSIONS;505
50.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;505
50.7;REFERENCES;505
51;Chapter 46. Proton Induced X-ray Emission Routine Analysis of Atmospheric Aerosols·;506
51.1;ABSTRACT;506
51.2;KEY-WORDS;506
51.3;INTRODUCTION;506
51.4;AIR PARTICULATE SAMPLERS;507
51.5;ANALYSIS METHOD;508
51.6;RESULTS;510
51.7;CONCLUSION;512
51.8;REFERENCES;512
52;Chapter 47.Recent Advances in Surface Analysis of Environmental Particles;514
52.1;ABSTRACT;514
52.2;INTRODUCTION;514
52.3;METHODOLOGY AND INSTRUMENTATION;515
52.4;STUDIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PARTICLES;520
52.5;CONCLUSIONS;525
52.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;526
52.7;REFERENCES;526
53;Chapter 48. Identification of Inclusions and Particles by Raman Microprobe;528
53.1;ABSTRACT;528
53.2;KEYWORDS;528
53.3;INTRODUCTION;528
53.4;RAMAN MICROPROBE MOLE;529
53.5;ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS OF RAMAN MICKROPROBE TECHNIQUES;531
53.6;REFERENCES;535
54;Chapter 49. Contributions to the Development of Natural Urban Particulate Matter Standard Materials;536
54.1;ABSTRACT;536
54.2;KEYWORDS;536
54.3;INTRODUCTION;537
54.4;EXPERIMENTAL;537
54.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;539
54.6;CONCLUSION;542
54.7;REFERENCES;543
55;Chapter 50. Direct Analysis of Airborne Particles by Glass Matrix X-ray Diffraction;546
55.1;ABSTRACT;546
55.2;KEYWORDS;546
55.3;INTRODUCTION;547
55.4;COMPARISON OF X-RAY DIFFRACTION TO INFRA-RED ANALYSIS OF PARTICULATE MATERIAL;551
55.5;EXPERIMENTAL (INFRA-RED);552
55.6;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;552
55.7;REFERENCES;554
56;Chapter 51. Ion-selective Electrodes in Environmental and Toxicological Analysis;556
56.1;ABSTRACT;556
56.2;KEYUQRDS;556
56.3;INTRODUCTION;557
56.4;PRINCIPLES OF ION-SELECTIVE ELECTRODES;557
56.5;MEASUREMENT METHODS;560
56.6;ILLUSTRATIVE APPLICATIONS;563
56.7;CONCLUSION;571
56.8;REFERENCES;572
57;Chapter 52. Continuous Trace Level Analysis Using Ion Selective Electrodes ;576
57.1;ABSTRACT;576
57.2;KEYWORDS;576
57.3;INTRODUCTION;576
57.4;PASSIVE REAGENT ADDITION SYSTEMS;577
57.5;LOW LEVEL SODIUM MONITOR USING PASSIVE REAGENT ADDITION SYSTEM;579
57.6;LITERATURE;581
58;Chapter 53. Fluoride Determination by Continuous Flow Analysis;584
58.1;ABSTRACT;584
58.2;KEYWORDS;584
58.3;INTRODUCTION;584
58.4;EXPERIMENTS AND METHODS;585
58.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;588
58.6;CONCLUSION;591
58.7;REFERENCES;592
59;Chapter 54. The Use of Copper Ion-selective Electrode for Determination of Copper Chemical Forms in Natural Waters;594
59.1;ABSTRACT;594
59.2;INTRODUCTION;594
59.3;EXPERIMENTAL;595
59.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;598
59.5;REFERENCES;600
59.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;601
60;Chapter 55. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Techniques for Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Control ;602
60.1;ABSTRACT;602
60.2;THE PROBLEM;610
60.3;THE SOLUTION;611
60.4;REFERENCES;613
61;Chapter 56. Applications of Chemiluminescence to the Metal Ion Determination in Water ;614
61.1;ABSTRACT;614
61.2;INTRODUCTION;614
61.3;THEORETICAL;615
61.4;EXPERIMENTAL;615
61.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS;616
61.6;A SIMPLE DETECTION SYSTEM;618
61.7;REFERENCES;619
62;Chapter 57. Improvement of the Cold-vapor Atomic Absorption Method for the Determination of Mercury in Sea Water ;620
62.1;ABSTRACT;620
62.2;INTRODUCTION;620
62.3;ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE;621
62.4;AERATION PROCEDURE AND TRANSFER OF MERCURY VAPOR FROM SOLUTE TO GOLD TRAP;622
62.5;RELEASE OF MERCURY FROM GOLD AND MEASUREMENT IN ATOMIC ABSORPTION;623
62.6;MERCURY IN LIGURI AN SEA : CONCENTRATION IN SEA WAT;624
62.7;REFERENCES;626
63;Chapter 58. Extraction of Heavy Metals from Marine Sediments for Analysis by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry - Some Factors Affecting Extraction Efficiency ;628
63.1;ABSTRACT;628
63.2;INTRODUCTION;628
63.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;629
63.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;630
63.5;REFERENCES;632
64;Chapter 59. Variations in Extraction Efficiency of Aqueous Cadmium (II) Using the APDC-MIBK Procedure;634
64.1;ABSTRACT;634
64.2;INTRODUCTION;634
64.3;METHODS AND MATERIALS;636
64.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;637
64.5;CONCLUSIONS;639
64.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;640
64.7;LITERATURE CITED;640
65;Chapter 60. Total Deposition of Various Elements from the Biscay Atmospheric Environment;642
65.1;ABSTRACT;642
65.2;KEYWORDS;642
65.3;INTRODUCTION;642
65.4;EXPERIMENTAL;643
65.5;RESULTS;645
65.6;DISCUSSION;647
65.7;REFERENCES;649
66;Index;650