Aljandali Quantitative Analysis and IBM® SPSS® Statistics

A Guide for Business and Finance
1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-3-319-45528-0
Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 184 Seiten

Reihe: Mathematics and Statistics

This guide is for practicing statisticians and data scientists who use IBM SPSS for statistical analysis of big data in business and finance. This is the first of a two-part guide to SPSS for Windows, introducing data entry into SPSS, along with elementary statistical and graphical methods for summarizing and presenting data. Part I also covers the rudiments of hypothesis testing and business forecasting while Part II will present multivariate statistical methods, more advanced forecasting methods, and multivariate methods.

IBM SPSS Statistics offers a powerful set of statistical and information analysis systems that run on a wide variety of personal computers. The software is built around routines that have been developed, tested, and widely used for more than 20 years. As such, IBM SPSS Statistics is extensively used in industry, commerce, banking, local and national governments, and education. Just a small subset of users of the package include the major clearing banks, the BBC, British Gas, British Airways, British Telecom, the Consumer Association, Eurotunnel, GSK, TfL, the NHS, Shell, Unilever, and W.H.S.

Although the emphasis in this guide is on applications of IBM SPSS Statistics, there is a need for users to be aware of the statistical assumptions and rationales underpinning correct and meaningful application of the techniques available in the package; therefore, such assumptions are discussed, and methods of assessing their validity are described. Also presented is the logic underlying the computation of the more commonly used test statistics in the area of hypothesis testing. Mathematical background is kept to a minimum.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Aljandali, Abdulkader

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Introduction;8
3;Acknowledgements;10
4;Contents;11
5;List of Figures;14
6;List of Tables;18
7;Part I: Introduction to IBM SPSS Statistics;19
7.1;Chapter 1: Getting Started;20
7.1.1;1.1 Creation of an IBM SPSS Statistics Data File;20
7.1.1.1;1.1.1 The IBM SPSS Statistics Data Editor;21
7.1.1.2;1.1.2 Entering the Data;25
7.1.1.3;1.1.3 Saving the Data File;26
7.1.2;1.2 Descriptive Statistics;27
7.1.2.1;1.2.1 Some Commonly Used Descriptive Statistics;28
7.1.2.2;1.2.2 Levels of Measurement;30
7.1.2.3;1.2.3 Descriptive Statistics in IBM SPSS Statistics;32
7.1.2.4;1.2.4 A Discussion of the Results;34
7.1.3;1.3 Creation of a Chart;34
7.1.4;1.4 Basic Editing of a Chart and Saving it in a File;35
8;Part II: Data Examination and Description;43
8.1;Chapter 2: Graphics and Introductory Statistical Analysis of Data;44
8.1.1;2.1 The Boxplot;44
8.1.2;2.2 The Histogram;47
8.1.3;2.3 The Spread-Level Plot;49
8.1.4;2.4 Bar Charts;51
8.1.5;2.5 Pie Charts;53
8.1.6;2.6 Pareto Charts;55
8.1.7;2.7 The Drop-Line Chart;56
8.1.8;2.8 Line Charts;58
8.1.9;2.9 Applying Panelling to Graphs;63
8.2;Chapter 3: Frequencies and Crosstabulations;68
8.2.1;3.1 Data Exploration via the EXPLORE Routine;68
8.2.2;3.2 Statistical Output from EXPLORE;69
8.2.3;3.3 Univariate Frequencies;74
8.2.4;3.4 Cross Tabulation of Two Variables;77
8.2.4.1;3.4.1 The Recode Procedure;78
8.2.4.2;3.4.2 The IBM SPSS Statistics Crosstabs Procedure;80
8.2.4.3;3.4.3 Calculation and Interpretation of the Chi Square Statistic;84
8.2.4.4;3.4.4 Other Statistics Available in the Crosstabs Procedure;86
8.2.5;3.5 Customizing Tables;86
8.3;Chapter 4: Coding, Missing Values, Conditional and Arithmetic Operations;89
8.3.1;4.1 Coding of Data;89
8.3.1.1;4.1.1 Defining Missing Values;90
8.3.1.2;4.1.2 Types of Missing Value;90
8.3.2;4.2 Arithmetic Operations;92
8.3.3;4.3 Conditional Transforms;95
8.3.4;4.4 The Auto Recode Facility;98
9;Part III: Hypothesis Tests;100
9.1;Chapter 5: Hypothesis Tests Concerning Means;101
9.1.1;5.1 A Review of Hypothesis Testing;102
9.1.2;5.2 The Paired t Test;103
9.1.2.1;5.2.1 Computation of the Test Statistic for the Paired t Test;103
9.1.2.2;5.2.2 The Paired t Test in IBM SPSS Statistics;104
9.1.3;5.3 The Two Sample t Test;106
9.1.3.1;5.3.1 Computation of the Test Statistic for the Two Sample t Test;106
9.1.3.2;5.3.2 The Two Sample t Test in IBM SPSS Statistics;107
9.1.4;5.4 The One-Way Analysis of Variance;110
9.1.4.1;5.4.1 Computation of the Test Statistic for the One-Way ANOVA;111
9.1.4.2;5.4.2 The One-Way ANOVA in IBM SPSS Statistics;111
9.1.4.3;5.4.3 Discussion of the Results of the One-Way ANOVA;113
9.2;Chapter 6: Nonparametric Hypothesis Tests;115
9.2.1;6.1 The Sign Test;116
9.2.1.1;6.1.1 Computation of the Test Statistic for the Sign Test;116
9.2.1.2;6.1.2 The Sign Test in IBM SPSS Statistics;118
9.2.2;6.2 The Mann–Whitney Test;120
9.2.2.1;6.2.1 Computation of the Mann–Whitney Test Statistic;121
9.2.2.2;6.2.2 The Mann–Whitney Test in IBM SPSS Statistics;122
9.2.3;6.3 The Kruskal–Wallis One-Way ANOVA;124
9.2.3.1;6.3.1 Computation of the Kruskal–Wallis Test Statistic;124
9.2.3.2;6.3.2 The Kruskal–Wallis Test in IBM SPSS Statistics;125
10;Part IV: Methods of Business Forecasting;128
10.1;Chapter 7: Bivariate Correlation and Regression;129
10.1.1;7.1 Bivariate Correlation;130
10.1.2;7.2 Linear Least Squares Regression for Bivariate Data;131
10.1.3;7.3 Assumptions Underlying Linear Least Squares Regression;132
10.1.4;7.4 Bivariate Correlation and Regression in IBM SPSS Statistics;133
10.2;Chapter 8: Elementary Time Series Methods;143
10.2.1;8.1 A Review of the Decomposition Method;144
10.2.2;8.2 The Additive Model of Seasonal Decomposition;146
10.2.3;8.3 The Multiplicative Model of Seasonal Decomposition;152
10.2.4;8.4 Further Points About the Decomposition Method;154
10.2.5;8.5 The One Parameter Exponential Smoothing Model;157
10.2.5.1;8.5.1 One Parameter Exponential Smoothing in IBM SPSS Statistics;158
10.2.5.2;8.5.2 Further Points About Exponential Smoothing;163
11;Part V: Other Useful Features of IBM SPSS Statistics;164
11.1;Chapter 9: Other Useful Features of IBM SPSS Statistics;165
11.1.1;9.1 The IBM SPSS Statistics Help System;166
11.1.2;9.2 Saving IBM SPSS Statistics Syntax;167
11.1.3;9.3 The IBM SPSS Statistics Coach;175
11.2;Chapter 10: Secondary Sources of Data for Business, Finance and Marketing Students;179
11.2.1;10.1 Business and Finance Data Sources;180
11.2.1.1;10.1.1 Eurostat;180
11.2.1.2;10.1.2 OECD;181
11.2.1.3;10.1.3 UK Office for National Statistics (ONS);181
11.2.1.4;10.1.4 UK Data Service;182
11.2.1.5;10.1.5 The International Monetary Fund;182
11.2.1.6;10.1.6 The World Bank;183
11.2.1.7;10.1.7 International Business Resources on the Internet;183
11.2.1.8;10.1.8 Miscellaneous Sources;184
11.2.2;10.2 Marketing Data Sources;185
11.2.2.1;10.2.1 Marketing UK;185
11.2.2.2;10.2.2 Datamonitor;186
11.2.2.3;10.2.3 The Market Research Society (MRS);186
12;References;188
13;Index;189