Allerkamp Tactile Perception of Textiles in a Virtual-Reality System

1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-3-642-13974-1
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Wasserzeichen (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 130 Seiten

This work forms part of the EU funded HAPTEX project, which is aimed at developing a VR system for the visual and haptic presentation of textiles. Written by experts in the field, the book presents the state-of-the-art of VR based tactile perception.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Allerkamp, Dennis

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Title;1
2;Preface;4
3;Contents;6
4;Acronyms;9
5;Introduction;10
5.1;References;13
6;Human Perception;14
6.1;Introduction to Psychophysics;14
6.1.1;Just Noticeable Differences and Weber’s Law;15
6.1.2;Weber-Fechner Law and Stevens’ Power Law;16
6.1.3;Measuring Psychometric Distances;17
6.1.4;Statistical Analysis;18
6.1.5;Signal Detection Theory;19
6.1.6;Multidimensional Scaling;21
6.2;The Human Nervous System;24
6.2.1;Neurons;24
6.2.2;Neural Integration;26
6.2.3;Sensory Reception;26
6.3;Human Tactile Perception;27
6.3.1;Mechanoreceptive Afferents;27
6.3.2;Perception of Form and Texture;28
6.3.3;Perception of Fine Textures;29
6.3.4;Perceptional Model of Tactile Simulation;29
6.4;Conclusion;31
6.5;References;31
7;Devices for Tactile Simulation;33
7.1;Survey of Existing Devices;33
7.1.1;Electromagnetic Displays;34
7.1.2;Pneumatic Displays;35
7.1.3;Displays with Shape Memory Alloys;35
7.1.4;Piezoelectric Displays;35
7.1.5;Other Actuator Mechanisms;36
7.2;The Tactile Displays Used;36
7.2.1;The Piezoelectric Effect;37
7.2.2;Mechanical Behaviour;38
7.2.3;Geometrical Configurations;39
7.3;Drive Electronics;41
7.3.1;USB Controller;42
7.3.2;Data Bus;45
7.3.3;Variable Voltage Supply;47
7.3.4;Digital–Analogue Conversion;47
7.3.5;Amplification;49
7.4;Force-Feedback Devices;50
7.4.1;The Haptic Loop;51
7.4.2;Modeling the Contact Forces;51
7.4.3;Different Degrees of Freedom;52
7.5;Conclusion;52
7.6;References;53
8;Generation of Virtual Surfaces;56
8.1;Sample Fabrics;56
8.1.1;Fibres, Yarn and Fabrics;57
8.1.2;Selection of Sample Fabrics;59
8.2;Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabrics;60
8.2.1;KES-F Roughness Test;61
8.2.2;KES-F Friction Test;62
8.3;Spatial Frequency Analysis;63
8.3.1;Selection of Appropriate Sections;64
8.3.2;Discrete Fourier Transform;65
8.3.3;Two-Dimensional Composition;67
8.4;The Correlation–Restoration Algorithm;68
8.4.1;Data Reduction;69
8.4.2;Two-Dimensional Composition;70
8.5;Surface Reconstruction from an Optical Surface Scan;71
8.5.1;Symmetry Detection;72
8.5.2;Shape from Shading;74
8.6;Artificial Surfaces;75
8.6.1;Brownian Surfaces;76
8.7;Conclusion;79
8.8;References;80
9;Tactile Rendering;82
9.1;Rendering Framework;83
9.1.1;Position Tracking;84
9.2;Experiment with a Force-Feedback Device;87
9.2.1;Method;87
9.2.2;Results;88
9.3;Vibrotactile Rendering;92
9.3.1;Computation of Resulting Vibrations;92
9.3.2;Decomposition of Vibrations into Base Frequencies;93
9.3.3;First Results with Brownian Surfaces;95
9.3.4;Further Evaluation;96
9.4;Integration with a Force-Feedback Device;98
9.4.1;Physical Simulation and Haptic Rendering;100
9.4.2;Integrated Interface Hardware;101
9.4.3;Software Integration;102
9.4.4;Evaluation of the Integrated System;103
9.5;Conclusion;105
9.6;References;106
10;Summary and Outlook;108
10.1;References;110
11;Fabrics;111
12;References;123
13;Index;124