Amino Acid Biosynthesis - Pathways, Regulation and Metabolic Engineering

1. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-3-540-48596-4
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 413 Seiten

This book presents the current knowledge of fundamental as well as applied microbiology of amino acids. Coverage details the amino acid biosynthetic pathways, their genetic and biochemical regulation, transport of amino acids and genomics of producing microorganisms. The book also examines the metabolic engineering of microorganisms for the biotechnological production of amino acids for use as pharmaceuticals and as food and feed additives.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
1.1;References;8
2;Contents;9
3;Production of Glutamate and Glutamate- Related Amino Acids: MolecularMechanism Analysis and Metabolic Engineering;11
3.1;1 Glutamate;12
3.2;2 Short Review of Glutamine and Proline Production;34
3.3;References;39
4;The L-Lysine Story: From Metabolic Pathways to Industrial Production;49
4.1;1 Introduction;50
4.2;2 Lysine Biosynthetic Pathways;51
4.3;3 Corynebacterium glutamicum as a Production Organism;53
4.4;4 Strain Engineering;60
4.5;5 Industrial Production Processes;68
4.6;References;72
5;L-Threonine;81
5.1;1 Introduction;81
5.2;2 How Does L-Threonine Production Work?;83
5.3;3 What Is Required by the Fermentation Industry?;91
5.4;4 Where Is It Going To?;96
5.5;References;98
6;Aromatic Amino Acids;103
6.1;1 Introduction;104
6.2;2 The General Aromatic Amino Acid Pathway (Shikimate Pathway);108
6.3;References;126
7;Branched-Chain Amino Acids;138
7.1;1 Introduction;139
7.2;2 Isoleucine and Valine;141
7.3;3 Leucine;155
7.4;4 Use of Branched-Chain Amino Acids and their Biotechnological Production;158
7.5;References;164
8;Methionine Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum;172
8.1;1 Introduction;173
8.2;2 Methionine Biosynthesis;174
8.3;3 Methionine Transformation and Degradation;181
8.4;4 Methionine Transport;183
8.5;5 Regulation of Methionine Biosynthesis;184
8.6;6 Construction of Methionine-Producing Strains;192
8.7;7 Conclusion;193
8.8;References;194
9;Cysteine Metabolism and Its Regulation in Bacteria;203
9.1;1 Introduction;204
9.2;2 Assimilation of Sulfate and Sulfonates;205
9.3;3 Cysteine Biosynthetic Pathways;208
9.4;4 Cysteine Degradation by Cysteine Desulfhydrases;212
9.5;5 Transport of Cystine or Cysteine;212
9.6;6 Regulation of Cysteine Biosynthesis and Transport;214
9.7;7 Production Process Development;219
9.8;References;220
10;Microbial Arginine Biosynthesis: Pathway, Regulation and Industrial Production;227
10.1;1 Introductory Remarks;228
10.2;2 The de novo Pathway for Arginine Biosynthesis;231
10.3;3 Regulation of Arginine Biosynthesis;239
10.4;4 Arginine as a Nutraceutical and Arginine Microbial Production;252
10.5;References;254
11;L-Serine and Glycine;266
11.1;1 Features and Use;266
11.2;2 L-Serine from Glycine;268
11.3;3 L-Serine from Glycine plus C-1 Units;269
11.4;4 L-Serine from Glucose;271
11.5;References;277
12;Alanine, Aspartate, and Asparagine Metabolism in Microorganisms;280
12.1;1 Alanine;281
12.2;2 Aspartate and Asparagine;285
12.3;3 Biotechnological Applications;290
12.4;References;293
13;Amino Acid Transport Systems in Biotechnologically Relevant Bacteria;296
13.1;1 Introduction;297
13.2;2 Basic Properties of Bacterial Amino Acid Transport Systems;298
13.3;3 Repertoire of Amino Acid Transporters in C. glutamicum and E. coli;300
13.4;4 Particular Amino Acid Transport Systems in C. glutamicum and E. coli;316
13.5;5 Conclusions and Perspectives;323
13.6;References;324
14;Occurrence, Biosynthesis, and Biotechnological Production of Dipeptides;333
14.1;1 Introduction;334
14.2;2 Function of Dipeptides;334
14.3;3 Dipeptides and Dipeptide Derivatives from Microorganisms;335
14.4;4 Biosynthesis of Dipeptides;339
14.5;5 Biotechnology for Dipeptide Manufacturing;343
14.6;6 Concluding Remarks;349
14.7;References;349
15;Genomes and Genome-Level Engineering of Amino Acid- Producing Bacteria;355
15.1;1 Introduction;356
15.2;2 The Corynebacterium glutamicum Genome;358
15.3;3 The Escherichia coli Genome;379
15.4;4 Genetic Engineering at the Megabase Level;395
15.5;5 Perspectives;396
15.6;References;397
16;Subject Index;408