Anderson / Kim / Kopecek Advances in Drug Delivery Systems, 6

Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Recent Advances in Drug Delivery Systems, Salt Lake City, UT, U.S.A., February 21-24, 1993
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-6157-0
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 372 Seiten, Web PDF

Advances in Drug Delivery Systems, 6 focuses on the progress in drug delivery systems as manifested in the fields of international pharmaceutics, polymer science, biotechnology, molecular biology, and cell biology. The selection first tackles biologically engineered microstructures and approaches to targeting bioactive compounds. Discussions focus on therapeutic efficiency of fatty acylated antiviral antibodies; effect of artificial fatty acylation on protein binding and uptake; and controlled release of proteins from lipid microcylinders. The text then elaborates on mucosal delivery of macromolecules and targeted delivery of diagnostic agents by surface-modified liposomes. The book examines the factors on in vitro micelle stability of adriamycin-block copolymer conjugates; vaginal and reproductive system treatments using a bioadhesive polymer; and control of the disposition profiles of proteins in the kidney via chemical modification. The publication also takes a look at drug delivery using biodegradable microspheres; approaches to improved antibody- and peptide-mediated targeting for imaging and therapy of cancer; and biodegradable microspheres for the delivery of oral vaccines. The selection is a valuable source material for scientists and readers interested in the advances in the systems of drug delivery.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Anderson, James M.

Kim, Sung Wan

Kopecek, Jindrich

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Advances in Drug Delivery Systems, 6;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;10
5;Preface;6
6;Part I: Novel Drug Delivery Systems;14
6.1;Chapter 1. Biologically engineered microstructures: controlled release applications;16
6.1.1;Introduction;16
6.1.2;Microstructure geometry and controlled release;17
6.1.3;Flat porus media;17
6.1.4;Spheres;18
6.1.5;Rigid hollow microcylinders;20
6.1.6;Controlled release from microcylinders;21
6.1.7;Antifouling applications;21
6.1.8;Methods for environmental exposure testing;22
6.1.9;Controlled release of proteins from lipid microcylinders;23
6.1.10;Summary and Conclusion;25
6.1.11;Acknowledgements;25
6.1.12;References;25
6.2;Chapter 2. New approaches to targeting bioactive compounds;28
6.2.1;Introduction;28
6.2.2;Fatty acylated antibodies;29
6.2.3;Effect of artificial fatty acylation on protein binding and uptake;29
6.2.4;Suppression of virus reproduction with fatty acylated antiviral antibodies;31
6.2.5;Therapeutic efficiency of fatty acylated antiviral antibodies;34
6.2.6;Antisense oligonucleotides combined with a lipid moiety;35
6.2.7;DNA interpolyelectrolyte complexes as a tool for gene delivery into a cell;37
6.2.8;Respecrins: a new class of immunotoxins;41
6.2.9;Acknowledgments;44
6.2.10;References;44
6.3;Chapter 3. Mucosal delivery of macromolecules;50
6.3.1;Introduction;50
6.3.2;Experimental;51
6.3.3;Materials;51
6.3.4;Buccal solution preparation;51
6.3.5;Buccal device fabrication;51
6.3.6;In vivo experiments;52
6.3.7;Intravenous bolus experiments;52
6.3.8;Buccal solution experiments;52
6.3.9;Buccal device experiments;52
6.3.10;Results and Discussion;53
6.3.11;Conclusions;57
6.3.12;References;57
6.4;Chapter 4. Targeted delivery of diagnostic agents by surface-modified liposomes;58
6.4.1;Introduction;59
6.4.2;The mechanism of protective action of PEG on liposomes;61
6.4.3;Co-immobilization of PEG and antibody on the liposome surface: long-circulating immunoliposome accumulation in myocardial infarct;63
6.4.4;Surface modification of liposomes with chelating groups for delivery of imaging agents: lymph node visualization and modification of MRI contrast properties of Gd-liposomes;66
6.4.5;Acknowledgement;70
6.4.6;References;70
6.5;Chapter 5. Influencing factors on in vitro micelle stability of adriamycin-block copolymer conjugates;72
6.5.1;Introduction;72
6.5.2;Experimental part;73
6.5.3;Materials;73
6.5.4;Preparation of drug-block copolymer conjugates;73
6.5.5;HPLC measurements;74
6.5.6;Results and Discussion;75
6.5.7;Conclusions;77
6.5.8;Acknowledgements;77
6.5.9;References;77
6.6;Chapter 6. SK&F 110679: comparison of absorption following oral or respiratory administration;80
6.6.1;Introduction;81
6.6.2;Materials and Methods;81
6.6.3;Chemicals;81
6.6.4;Intestinal transport of SK&F 110679;81
6.6.5;Intraduodenal administration of SK&F 110679;82
6.6.6;Intratracheal dosing and measurement of plasma growth hormone levels in rats;83
6.6.7;Intratracheal and intravenous dosing of SK&F 110679 in dogs;83
6.6.8;Measurement of plasma levels of SK&F 110679;84
6.6.9;Data analysis;84
6.6.10;Transport of [3H]SK&F 110679 across rabbit intestinal mucosa in vitro;84
6.6.11;Absorption of SK&F 110679 in the rat;86
6.6.12;Plasma concentrations of SK&F 110679 following intravenous, intraduodenal or intratracheal administration in dogs;87
6.6.13;Discussion;87
6.6.14;Acknowledgements;88
6.6.15;References;88
6.7;Chapter 7. Bioavailability of pulmonary delivered peptides and proteins: a-interferon, calcitonins and parathyroid hormones;92
6.7.1;Introduction;92
6.7.2;Experimental;93
6.7.3;Materials;93
6.7.4;Animal studies;93
6.7.5;Assays;94
6.7.6;Results;94
6.7.7;Discussion and Summary;95
6.7.8;References;97
6.8;Chapter 8. Vaginal and reproductive system treatments using a bioadhesive polymer;100
6.8.1;Introduction;100
6.8.2;Relevant anatomy and physiology;100
6.8.3;Bioadhesion;101
6.8.4;Dosage form properties;101
6.8.5;Clinical applications;102
6.8.6;References;107
7;Part II: Peptide and Protein Delivery;108
7.1;Chapter 9. Paracellular transport of a proteolytically labile pentapeptide across the colonic and other intestinal segments of the albino rabbit: implications for peptide drug design;110
7.1.1;Introduction;111
7.1.2;Materials and Methods;111
7.1.3;Materials;111
7.1.4;Methods;111
7.1.5;Results;114
7.1.6;Acknowledgements;121
7.1.7;References;121
7.2;Chapter 10. Control of the disposition profiles of proteins in the kidney via chemical modification;124
7.2.1;Introduction;124
7.2.2;Materials and methods;125
7.2.3;Model protein drugs and macromolecules;125
7.2.4;Synthesis of SOD derivatives;125
7.2.5;Kidney perfusion experiments;125
7.2.6;Indicator dilution experiments;126
7.2.7;Assay;126
7.2.8;Data analysis;126
7.2.9;Results and discussion;127
7.2.10;Disposition characteristics of model protein drugs and macromolecules;127
7.2.11;Disposition characteristics of SOD derivatives;129
7.2.12;Implications for therapeutic use of SOD derivatives in the renal injuries;130
7.2.13;Conclusions;130
7.2.14;References;131
7.3;Chapter 11. Drug delivery using biodegradable microspheres;134
7.3.1;Introduction;134
7.3.2;Experimental methods;135
7.3.3;Materials and animals;135
7.3.4;Ovulation-inducing activity;135
7.3.5;Preparation of microspheres;135
7.3.6;In vitro drug release;135
7.3.7;Leuprorelin content in microspheres;136
7.3.8;TRH content in microspheres;136
7.3.9;In vivo drug release;136
7.3.10;RIA of serum leuprorelin and testosterone;136
7.3.11;Anticancer effects of TNP-470 microspheres;136
7.3.12;Results and discussion;136
7.3.13;Leuprorelin microspheres;136
7.3.14;TRH Microspheres;139
7.3.15;Chemoembolization with microspheres containing TNP-470;140
7.3.16;References;141
7.4;Chapter 12. Biodegradable microspheres for the delivery of oral vaccines;144
7.4.1;Introduction;144
7.4.2;Mucosal immune responses and the common mucosal immune system;145
7.4.3;Antigen delivery systems for mucosal vaccines;146
7.4.4;Biodegradable microspheres;146
7.4.5;Mucosal immunity to influenza;148
7.4.6;Immunogenicity of the microencapsulated influenza virus;148
7.4.7;Systemic and oral immunization with microencapsulated or free influenza virus;149
7.4.8;Potential advantages of mucosal immunization with antigens in biodegradable microspheres;152
7.4.9;References;152
7.5;Chapter 13. pH/Temperature-sensitive polymers for macromolecular drug loading and release;156
7.5.1;Introduction;156
7.5.2;Experimental methods;157
7.5.3;Materials;157
7.5.4;Polymer synthesis;158
7.5.5;Molecular weight and lower critical solution temperature (LCST) determination;158
7.5.6;Polymer beads fabrication;158
7.5.7;Scanning electron microscopy (SEM);158
7.5.8;Solute loading and loading efficiency;158
7.5.9;Results and Discussion;159
7.5.10;Conclusion;164
7.5.11;Acknowledgment;164
7.5.12;References;164
8;Part III: Targetting and Cellular Recognition in Drug Delivery;166
8.1;Chapter 14. Antibodies as targeting moieties: affinity measurements, conjugation chemistry and applications in immunoliposomes;168
8.1.1;Introduction;168
8.1.2;Experimental methods;170
8.1.3;Monoclonal antibodies;170
8.1.4;Preparation of antigen-binding fragments;170
8.1.5;Design and synthesis of antigen-mimicking peptides;170
8.1.6;Preparation of labelled peptides;170
8.1.7;Fluorescence polarization measurement;170
8.1.8;Affinity measurements for 4-4-20;171
8.1.9;Preparation of liposomes;171
8.1.10;Coupling of antigen-binding fragments to liposomes;171
8.1.11;Production of RES-avoiding immunoliposomes;171
8.1.12;Results and discussion;171
8.1.13;Affinity measurements;171
8.1.14;RES-avoiding immunoliposomes;174
8.1.15;Conclusions;177
8.1.16;Acknowledgements;177
8.1.17;References;177
8.2;Chapter 15. Approaches to improved antibody- and peptide-mediated targeting for imaging and therapy of cancer;180
8.2.1;Introduction;180
8.2.2;Materials and Methods;181
8.2.3;Monoclonal antibodies and other carriers;181
8.2.4;Blood disappearance half life measurement;181
8.2.5;LS-180 xenograft nude mouse model;181
8.2.6;Results;182
8.2.7;Discussion;183
8.2.8;Bone marrow support;184
8.2.9;Pretargeting approach;184
8.2.10;Tumor targeting peptides;184
8.2.11;Summary;185
8.2.12;Acknowledgements;185
8.2.13;References;185
8.3;Chapter 16. Bacterial cell killing by antibody targeted photolysis: enhanced effect by OH radical generation;188
8.3.1;Introduction;188
8.3.2;Materials and methods;190
8.3.3;Reagents and solutions;190
8.3.4;Preparation of Sn-chlorin e6-DC and Sn-chlorin e6-DC immunoconjugates;190
8.3.5;Preparation of Sn-chlorin e6-ED immunoconjugates;191
8.3.6;Spin trapping with DMPO;191
8.3.7;Free radical quantum yields;191
8.3.8;Singlet oxygen yields;192
8.3.9;O2 uptake measurements;192
8.3.10;Bacterial survival protocol;193
8.3.11;Results;193
8.3.12;Comparison of the killing efficiency of two immunoconjugates;193
8.3.13;Spin trapping OH;194
8.3.14;Quantitative radical quantum yields;195
8.3.15;Rate of 02 uptake by PS and DC co-solution;196
8.3.16;Discussion;197
8.3.17;References;198
8.4;Chapter 17. Antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (Adept);200
8.4.1;Introduction;200
8.4.2;Pharmacokinetics of antibody-enzyme conjugate;201
8.4.3;Presence of cytotoxic drug in blood;203
8.4.4;Host immune response;204
8.4.5;Acknowledgements;206
8.4.6;References;206
8.5;Chapter 18. Targeting the vasculature of solid tumors;208
8.5.1;Introduction;208
8.5.2;Methods;209
8.5.3;Mouse vascular targeting model;209
8.5.4;Preparation of deglycosylated ricin A chain;209
8.5.5;Cytotoxicity assays;209
8.5.6;Antitumor experiments;210
8.5.7;Results;210
8.5.8;Discussion;214
8.5.9;Acknowledgements;215
8.5.10;References;215
8.6;Chapter 19. Synthesis of the conjugate of Superoxide dismutase with the copolymer of divinyl ether and maleic anhydride retaining enzymatic activity;216
8.6.1;Introduction;216
8.6.2;Material and Methods;217
8.6.3;Synthesis of DIVEMA-SOD conjugate;218
8.6.4;Characterization of DIVEMA-SOD;218
8.6.5;Results and Discussion;218
8.6.6;References;221
8.7;Chapter 20. Bioadhesive N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymers for colon-specific drug delivery;224
8.7.1;Introduction;224
8.7.2;Materials and Methods;225
8.7.3;Abbreviations;225
8.7.4;Chemicals;225
8.7.5;Synthesis of 5-aminosalicylic acid-containing monomer;225
8.7.6;Synthesis of N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymers;226
8.7.7;Radioiodination of polymers;227
8.7.8;Biological samples for azoreductase activity measurements;228
8.7.9;Degradation by cecum contents/feces;228
8.7.10;Bioadhesion of polymers in vitro;228
8.7.11;Gastrointestinal distribution of polymers in vivo;228
8.7.12;Results and Discussion;229
8.7.13;Synthesis;229
8.7.14;Degradation by colonic azoreductase activity;230
8.7.15;Comparison of azoreductase activity in different species;231
8.7.16;Bioadhesion of HPMA copolymers to everted intestinal sacs;232
8.7.17;Bioadhesion of HPMA copolymers in vivo;233
8.7.18;Acknowledgement;234
8.7.19;References;234
8.8;Chapter 21. Lactose-carrying polystyrene as a drug carrier: investigation of body distributions to parenchymal liver cells using 125I-labelled lactose-carrying polystyrene;236
8.8.1;Experimental;238
8.8.2;Polymer synthesis;238
8.8.3;Preparation of 125I-labelled PVLA solution;238
8.8.4;Assay of radioactivity;238
8.8.5;Animals;238
8.8.6;Body distribution of 125I-labelled PVLA in rats;239
8.8.7;Whole-body autoradiography of 125I-PVLA administered rat;239
8.8.8;Distribution of 125I-labelled PVLA between parenchymal and nonparenchymal liver cells;239
8.8.9;Clearance of 125I-labelled PVLA from blood and its pharmacokinetic analysis;239
8.8.10;Binding of 125I-PVLA to asialoglycoprotein receptors and its Scatchard analysis;239
8.8.11;Results and Discussion;240
8.8.12;Body distribution of 125I-labelled PVLA;240
8.8.13;Pharmacokinetic analysis of 125I-labelled PVLA;242
8.8.14;Binding of 125I-PVLA to asialoglycoprotein receptors and its Scatchard analysis;243
8.8.15;References;245
8.9;Chapter 22. Induction of drug specific antibody and the controlled release of drug by 6-O-carboxymethyl-chitin;248
8.9.1;Introduction;248
8.9.2;Experimental;249
8.9.3;Results and Discussion;250
8.9.4;Conclusions;254
8.9.5;Acknowledgements;254
8.9.6;References;254
8.10;Chapter 23. Recent clinical studies on lipo-PGEi and lipo-PGI2: PGE1 and PGI2: incorporated in lipid microspheres, for targeted delivery;256
8.10.1;Introduction;256
8.10.2;Methods and Results;257
8.10.3;Diabetic neuropathy and diabetic ulcers;257
8.10.4;Fulminant or severe acute hepatitis;258
8.10.5;Acute cerebral thrombosis;259
8.10.6;Discussion;260
8.10.7;Acknowledgements;261
8.10.8;References;261
9;Part IV: Drug Delivery to the Brain;264
9.1;Chapter 24. Encapsulated cells for sustained neurotransmitter delivery to the central nervous system;266
9.1.1;Introduction;266
9.1.2;Treatment of Parkinson's disease;267
9.1.3;Alleviation of pain;269
9.1.4;Concluding remarks;270
9.1.5;Acknowledgements;270
9.1.6;References;270
9.2;Chapter 25. Drug transport to the brain: in vitro versus in vivo approaches;272
9.2.1;Introduction;272
9.2.2;Materials and Methods;272
9.2.3;Results;273
9.2.4;The in vitro BBB model;273
9.2.5;Confocal laser scanning microscopy;274
9.2.6;The in vivo BBB model;274
9.2.7;Intracerebral microdialysis;274
9.2.8;Discussion;274
9.2.9;Conclusion;275
9.2.10;References;275
10;Part V: Posters: Transmembrane Transport;278
10.1;Chapter 26. BUCCAL ADMINISTRATION OF ERYTHROCYTE-GHOSTS-INSULIN IN RATS;280
10.1.1;INTRODUCTION;280
10.1.2;EXPERIMENTAL METHODS;280
10.1.3;CONCLUSION;281
10.1.4;REFERENCES;281
10.1.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;281
10.2;Chapter 27. In-Vivo Buccal Delivery of Calcitonin;282
10.2.1;Introduction;282
10.2.2;Experimental;282
10.2.3;Results and Discussion;283
10.2.4;Conclusion;284
10.2.5;References;284
10.3;Chapter 28. INVESTIGATING THE BIOADHESIVE PROPERTIES OF POLYMER PATCHES FOR BUCCAL DRUG DELIVERY;285
10.3.1;INTRODUCTION;285
10.3.2;EXPERIMENTAL METHODS;285
10.3.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;285
10.3.4;CONCLUSIONS;286
10.3.5;REFERENCES;286
10.4;Chapter 29. DIFFUSION RATES AND TRANSPORT PATHWAYS OF FITC-LABELLED MODEL COMPOUNDS THROUGH BUCCAL EPITHELIUM.;287
10.5;Chapter 30. ENHANCING EFFECTS OF VARIOUS STRUCTURES OF UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS ON THE PERCUTANEOUS PERMEATION OF INDOMETHACIN;288
10.5.1;INTRODUCTION;288
10.5.2;METHODS;288
10.5.3;RESULTS and DISCUSSION;289
10.5.4;REFERENCES;289
10.6;Chapter 31. SELECTIVE EXTRACTION OF STRATUM CORNEUM COMPONENTS TO PROBE MECHANISMS OF ENHANCED PERCUTANEOUS ABSORPTION;290
10.6.1;INTRODUCTION;290
10.6.2;EXPERIMENTAL METHODS;290
10.6.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;291
10.6.4;CONCLUSIONS;291
10.6.5;REFERENCES;291
10.6.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;291
10.7;Chapter 32. STUDY ON TRANSDERMAL SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE DELIVERY SYSTEM;292
10.7.1;INTRODUCTION;292
10.7.2;EXPERMENTAL METHODS;292
10.7.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;293
10.7.4;REFERENCE;294
10.8;Chapter 33. WATER SOLUBLE PILOCARPINE PRODRUGS WITH SUSTAINED INTRAOCULAR ACTIVITY IN NORMOTENSIVE RABBITS AND IN GLAUCOMATOUS BEAGLES;295
10.8.1;INTRODUCTION;295
10.8.2;EXPERIMENTAL;295
10.8.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;296
10.8.4;CONCLUSION;296
10.9;Chapter 34. TRANSPORT OF SMALL PEPTIDES ACROSS RAT ALVEOLAR EPITHELIAL CELL MONOLAYERS;297
10.9.1;INTRODUCTION;297
10.9.2;METHODS;297
10.9.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;298
10.9.4;REFERENCES;298
10.9.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:;298
10.10;Chapter 35. RECEPTOR-MEDIATED ABSORPTION OF DEXTRAN AND SYNTHETIC GLUCOSE—CONTAINING POLYMER FROM THE INTESTINAL TRACT;299
10.10.1;INTRODUCTION;299
10.10.2;EXPERIMENTAL METHODS;299
10.10.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;299
10.11;Chapter 36. EFFECT OF POLYCARBOPHIL ON THE PARACELLULAR PERMEABILITY OF A HYDROPHILIC MODEL COMPOUND AFTER APPLICATION ON A CACO-2 CELL LINE;301
10.12;Chapter 37. USE OF A LIPID CARRIER TO DELIVER CALCITONIN VIA THE SMALL INTESTINE;302
10.12.1;INTRODUCTION;302
10.12.2;METHODS;302
10.12.3;RESULTS;303
10.12.4;CONCLUSION;303
10.13;Chapter 38. INTRAVENOUS CARRIERS FOR DRUG DELIVERY TO LYMPH NODES;306
10.13.1;EXPERIMENTAL METHODS;306
10.13.2;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;307
10.13.3;CONCLUSION;307
10.14;Chapter 39. TARGETED CONJUGATE BETWEEN ANTIMYOSIN AND RADIOLABELED CHELATING POLYMER: INFLUENCE OF SINGLE SITE FAB-POLYMER BOND ON THE CONJUGATE PERFORMANCE.;308
10.14.1;INTRODUCTION.;308
10.14.2;MATERIALS AND METHODS.;308
10.14.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.;308
10.14.4;REFERENCES.;309
10.15;Chapter 40. STEREOCOPOLYMERS FOR PARENTERAL SUSTAINED-RELEASE OF PEPTIDES: RELEASE OF GRF29NH2 FROM A PLA/GA MATRIX;310
10.15.1;INTRODUCTION;310
10.15.2;EXPERIMENTAL METHODS;310
10.15.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;311
10.15.4;CONCLUSIONS;311
10.15.5;REFERENCES;311
10.16;Chapter 41. THE EFFECT OF CHARGE ON THE BIODISTRIBUTION OF SYNTHETIC BRANCHED POLYPEPTIDES IN TUMOUR BEARING MICE;314
10.16.1;INTRODUCTION;314
10.16.2;EXPERIMENTAL;314
10.16.3;RESULTS AND CONCLUSION;315
10.16.4;REFERENCE;315
10.17;Chapter 42. COMPARATIVE IN VIVO AND IN VITRO DISTRIBUTION OF DAUNOXOME AND DAUNORUBICIN IN P1798 LYMPHOSARCOMA CELLS;316
10.17.1;REFERENCES;317
10.18;Chapter 43. BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS OF [D-ALA2, DLEU5] ENKEPHALIN AFTER VARIOUS ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION;318
10.19;Chapter 44. Greatly enhanced oral bioavailability of propranolol using the

....™ liver-bypass drug delivery system.;319
10.19.1;INTRODUCTION;319
10.19.2;EXPERIMENTAL METHODS;319
10.19.3;RESULTS;320
10.19.4;DISCUSSION;320
10.19.5;CONCLUSION;322
10.19.6;REFERENCES;322
11;Part VI: Novel Therapeutic Delivery Systems;324
11.1;Chapter 45. NOVEL, LONG-ACTING AND SELECTIVE PHYSOSTIGMINE ANALOGUES AS POTENTIAL THERAPEUTICS FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE;326
11.2;Chapter 46. LECITHINIZED SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE -AN EFFECTIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM;327
11.2.1;INTRODUCTION;327
11.2.2;EXPERIMENTAL METHOD;327
11.2.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;327
11.2.4;CONCLUSION;328
11.3;Chapter 47. TWO DERIVATIVES OF POLY(ACRYLIC ACID) ARE ABLE TWO INHIBIT TRYPSIN ACTIVITY;329
11.4;Chapter 48. CONTROLLED RELEASE OF INSULIN FROM BORONIC ACID GEL UNDER PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS;330
11.4.1;INTRODUCTION;330
11.4.2;EXPERIMENTAL METHODS;330
11.4.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;331
11.4.4;CONCLUSIONS;331
11.4.5;REFERENCES;331
11.5;Chapter 49. NOVEL THERMO-RESPONSIVE AMPHIPHILIC POLY N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE- CO-SODIUM ACRYIATE-CO-N-N-ALKYLACRYLAMIDE NETWORKS;332
11.5.1;INTRODUCTION;332
11.5.2;EXPERIMENTAL METHODS;332
11.5.3;RESULTS, DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS;332
11.5.4;REFERENCES;333
11.5.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;333
11.6;Chapter 50. DELIVERY OF CYTOTOXIC DRUGS TO CANCER PATIENTS USING LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN;334
11.6.1;INTRODUCTION;334
11.6.2;STUDY DESIGN;334
11.6.3;RESULTS;335
11.6.4;DISCUSSION;335
11.6.5;REFERENCES;335
11.7;Chapter 51. DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL EVALUATION OF DOUBLE-PHASED SUPPOSITORIES OF PROGESTERONE WITH SUSTAINED RELEASE PROPERTY;336
11.7.1;INTRODUCTION;336
11.7.2;EXPERIMENTAL METHODS;336
11.7.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS;337
11.8;Chapter 52. MACROMOLECULAR COMPLEXONE FOR DETECTION OF MICROVASCULATURE BY MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY;338
11.8.1;INTRODUCTION;338
11.8.2;EXPERIMENTAL METHODS;338
11.8.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;339
11.8.4;CONCLUSION;339
11.8.5;REFERENCES;339
11.9;Chapter 53. CRIPDOM CONTROLLED DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR ASPIRIN;340
11.9.1;INTRODUCTION;340
11.9.2;EXPERIMENTAL METHODS;340
11.9.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;340
11.9.4;CONCLUSIONS;341
11.9.5;REFERENCES;341
11.10;Chapter 54. Liposome and Microsphere Transport and Delivery;342
11.11;Chapter 55. EFFECT OF LIPID BILAYER PHASE STRUCTURE ON SOLUTE PARTITIONING;344
11.11.1;INTRODUCTION;344
11.11.2;EXPERIMENTAL METHODS;344
11.11.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;345
11.11.4;CONCLUSIONS;345
11.11.5;REFERENCES;346
11.12;Chapter 56. ENHANCED TUMOR ACCUMULATION AND PROLONGED CIRCULATION TIMES OF MICELLE-FORMING POLYETHYLENE OXIDE-ASPARTATE) BLOCK COPOLYMER-ADRIAMYCIN CONJUGATES;347
11.12.1;INTRODUCTION;347
11.12.2;EXPERIMENTAL METHODS;347
11.12.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;347
11.12.4;CONCLUSIONS;348
11.12.5;REFERENCES;348
11.13;Chapter 57. IN VIVO ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF POLYMERIC MICELLE ANTICANCER DRUG AGAINST MURINE C 26 TUMOR;349
11.13.1;INTRODUCTION;349
11.13.2;EXPERIMENTAL METHODS;349
11.13.3;RESULTS & DISCUSSION;350
11.13.4;CONCLUSIONS;350
11.13.5;REFERENCES;350
11.14;Chapter 58. METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE STABILITY OF PROTEINOID MICROSPHERES;351
11.14.1;INTRODUCTION;351
11.14.2;EXPERIMENTAL METHODS;351
11.14.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;352
11.14.4;CONCLUSIONS;352
11.14.5;REFERENCES;352
11.15;Chapter 59. SCREENING CANDIDATE MICROSPHERE FORMULATIONS BY INCUBATING IN SIMULATED DIGESTIVE FLUIDS;353
11.15.1;INTRODUCTION;353
11.15.2;EXPERIMENTAL METHODS;353
11.15.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;354
11.15.4;CONCLUSIONS;354
11.15.5;REFERENCES;354
11.16;Chapter 60. STABILITY AND MODE OF ACTION OF AMBISOME® (LIPOSOMAL AMPHOTERICIN B);355
11.16.1;REFERENCES;356
11.17;Chapter 61. APPLICATION OF LIPID MICROSPHERES TO PREPARE A THROMBOXANE A2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST INHALER;357
11.17.1;INTRODUCTION;357
11.17.2;EXPERIMENTAL METHODS;357
11.17.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;357
11.17.4;CONCLUSIONS;358
11.17.5;REFERENCES;358
11.18;Chapter 62. AEROSOLIZATION OF LIPOSOMAL (AMBISOME®) AND NON-LIPOSOMAL (FUNGIZONE®) AMPHOTERICIN B AS A TREATMENT FOR PULMONARY FUNGAL INFECTIONS.;359
11.18.1;INTRODUCTION;359
11.18.2;OBJECTIVES;359
11.18.3;METHODS;359
11.18.4;CONCLUSION;361
11.19;Chapter 63. EFFICACY OF AEROSOLIZED UPOSOMAL AMPHOTERICIN B (AMBISOME®) AS A PROPHOLACTIC TREATMENT IN AN IMMUNE COMPROMISED MURINE MODEL OF PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS.;362
11.19.1;INTRODUCTION;362
11.19.2;OBJECTIVES;362
11.19.3;METHODS;362
11.19.4;RESULTS;362
11.19.5;CONCLUSION;360
11.20;Chapter 64. EFFICACY OF ALBENDAZOLE ADMINISTERED ORALLY IS IMPROVED BY ENCAPSULATION IN LIPOSOMES;363
11.20.1;INTRODUCTION;363
11.20.2;EXPERIMENTAL;363
11.20.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;364
11.20.4;CONCLUSION;364
11.20.5;REFERENCES;364
11.21;Chapter 65. LIPID NANO-SPHERE(LNS), A PROTEIN-FREE ANALOGUE OF LIPOPROTEINS, AS A NOVEL DRUG CARRIER FOR PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION. IV.;365
11.21.1;INTRODUCTION;365
11.21.2;EXPERIMENTAL METHODS;365
11.21.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;366
11.21.4;CONCLUSION;366
11.21.5;REFERENCES;366
11.22;Chapter 66. MICROENCAPSULATION OF MITOMYCIN C FOR CONTROLLED DELIVERY AND TARGETING;367
11.22.1;INTRODUCTION;367
11.22.2;METHODS;367
11.22.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;367
11.22.4;CONCLUSIONS;368
11.22.5;REFERENCES;368
11.22.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;368
11.22.7;AFFILIATION;368
12;Author Index Volume 28;370
13;Subject Index Volume 28;372