Annaratone Engineering Heat Transfer

1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-3-642-03932-4
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 329 Seiten

This book is a generalist textbook; it is designed for anybody interested in heat transmission, including scholars, designers and students. Two criteria constitute the foundation of Annaratone's books, including the present one. The first one consists of indispensable scientific rigor without theoretical exasperation. The inclusion in the book of some theoretical studies, even if admirable for their scientific rigor, would have strengthened the scientific foundation of this publication, yet without providing the reader with further applicable know-how. The second criterion is to deliver practical solution to operational problems. This criterion is fulfilled through equations based on scientific rigor, as well as a series of approximated equations, leading to convenient and practically acceptable solutions, and through diagrams and tables. When a practical case is close to a well defined theoretical solution, corrective factors are shown to offer simple and correct solutions to the problem.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Annaratone, Donatello

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Contents;7
3;Notation;10
3.1;Superscripts;11
4;1 Introduction to Heat Transfer;13
4.1;1.1 General Considerations;13
4.2;1.2 Modes of Heat Transfer;13
4.2.1;1.2.1 Conduction;14
4.2.2;1.2.2 Convection;14
4.2.3;1.2.3 Radiation;14
4.3;1.3 Laws of Heat Transfer;15
4.3.1;1.3.1 Conduction;15
4.3.2;1.3.2 Convection;16
4.3.3;1.3.3 Radiation;17
4.4;1.4 Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient;17
5;2 Steady Conduction;24
5.1;2.1 Introduction;24
5.2;2.2 Conduction through a Plane Wall;24
5.3;2.3 Conduction through a Plane Multiwall;11
5.4;2.4 Conduction through a Cylindrical Wall;11
5.5;2.5 Conduction through a Cylindrical Multiwall;32
5.6;2.6 Conduction through a Spherical Wall;34
5.7;2.7 Conduction through Liquids and Gases;35
6;3 Transient Conduction;39
6.1;3.1 Introduction;39
6.2;3.2 General Law of Thermal Conduction;40
6.3;3.3 Surface Temperature Variation in Infinite Thickness Walls;44
6.4;3.4 Surface Temperature Variation in Finite Thickness Walls;48
6.5;3.5 Immersed Plane Wall in Fluid at Different Temperature;53
6.6;3.6 Transient Conduction in Tubes;56
6.7;3.7 Fouriers Number;58
7;4 Dimensional Analysis;59
7.1;4.1 Introduction;59
7.2;4.2 Three Methods to Find Dimensionless Groups;61
7.2.1;4.2.1 Algebraic Method;61
7.2.2;4.2.2 Use of Differential Equations;63
7.2.3;4.2.3 Geometric, Kinematical and Dynamical Similitude;68
7.3;4.3 Theory of Models;70
8;5 Convection;72
8.1;5.1 Types of Motion;72
8.2;5.2 Physical Characteristics of Fluids;73
8.2.1;5.2.1 Water;74
8.2.1.1;5.2.1.1 Density;74
8.2.1.2;5.2.1.2 Specific Heat;74
8.2.1.3;5.2.1.3 Thermal Conductivity;74
8.2.1.4;5.2.1.4 Dynamic Viscosity;75
8.2.1.5;5.2.1.5 Prandtl's Number;75
8.2.2;5.2.2 Air;75
8.2.2.1;5.2.2.1 Density;75
8.2.2.2;5.2.2.2 Isobaric Specific Heat;76
8.2.2.3;5.2.2.3 Thermal Conductivity;76
8.2.2.4;5.2.2.4 Dynamic Viscosity;76
8.2.2.5;5.2.2.5 Prandtl's Number;77
8.2.3;5.2.3 Flue Gas;77
8.2.3.1;5.2.3.1 Density;77
8.2.3.2;5.2.3.2 Isobaric Specific Heat;78
8.2.3.3;5.2.3.3 Thermal Conductivity;79
8.2.3.4;5.2.3.4 Dynamic Viscosity;80
8.2.3.5;5.2.3.5 Prandtl's Number;80
8.3;5.3 Natural Convection;80
8.3.1;5.3.1 Plane Vertical Wall and Vertical Tubes;83
8.3.2;5.3.2 Horizontal Cylinders;85
8.3.3;5.3.3 Horizontal Plane Plates;88
8.3.4;5.3.4 Interspace Between two Plane Walls;89
8.4;5.4 Forced Convection Inside the Tubes;90
8.4.1;5.4.1 Water;93
8.4.2;5.4.2 Superheated Steam;97
8.4.3;5.4.3 Mineral Oils;101
8.4.4;5.4.4 Air;102
8.4.5;5.4.5 Different Kinds of Gas;104
8.5;5.5 Heat Transfer in the Initial Section;106
8.6;5.6 Special Instances;110
8.6.1;5.6.1 Annular Interspace;111
8.6.2;5.6.2 Plane Wall;112
8.7;5.7 Laminar Motion in the Tubes;114
8.8;5.8 Forced Convection Outside a Tube Bank;116
8.8.1;5.8.1 Introduction;116
8.8.2;5.8.2 Air;122
8.8.3;5.8.3 Various Types of Gas and Superheated Steam;122
8.9;5.9 Comparison Between In-Line and Staggered Arrangement;124
8.10;5.10 Heat Transfer to a Single Tube;126
8.11;5.11 Heat Transfer to Finned Tubes;128
8.12;5.12 Boiling Liquids;136
8.12.1;5.12.1 Boiling Liquids Outside the Tubes;136
8.12.2;5.12.2 Boiling Liquids Inside the Tubes;141
8.13;5.13 Condensing Vapors;144
9;6 Radiation;148
9.1;6.1 Introduction;148
9.2;6.2 The Laws of Radiation;149
9.2.1;6.2.1 Planck's Law;149
9.2.2;6.2.2 Wien's Law;151
9.2.3;6.2.3 Stefan-Boltzmann's Law;152
9.2.4;6.2.4 Kirchhoff's Law;154
9.2.5;6.2.5 Lambert-- Law -- Black Bodies Arranged in any Which Way;155
9.3;6.3 Plane Surfaces Facing Each Other;159
9.4;6.4 Body Completely Contained in Another Body;163
9.5;6.5 Solar Radiation;164
9.6;6.6 Flame Radiation;166
9.7;6.7 Flame Radiation and Convection;182
9.8;6.8 Radiation of CO 2 and Steam;189
10;7 Heat Exchangers and Tube Banks;199
10.1;7.1 Introduction;199
10.2;7.2 Mean Logarithmic Temperature Difference;200
10.3;7.3 Mean Specific Heat;204
10.3.1;7.3.1 Water and Superheated Steam;205
10.3.2;7.3.2 Air and Other Gases;205
10.4;7.4 Design Calculation;206
10.5;7.5 The Mean Difference in Temperature in Reality;207
10.5.1;7.5.1 Fluids with Cross Flow;209
10.5.2;7.5.2 Heat Exchangers;210
10.5.3;7.5.3 Coils;213
10.5.4;7.5.4 Tube Bank with Various Passages of the External Fluid;214
10.6;7.6 Verification Calculation;216
10.6.1;7.6.1 General Considerations;217
10.6.2;7.6.2 Fluids in Parallel Flow or in Counter flow;217
10.6.3;7.6.3 Factor in Real Cases;226
10.6.3.1;7.6.3.1 Fluids with Cross Flow;227
10.6.3.2;7.6.3.2 Heat Exchanger;228
10.6.3.3;7.6.3.3 Coils;229
10.6.3.4;7.6.3.4 Tube Bank with Various Passages of the External Fluid;230
11;8 Pressure Drops;232
11.1;8.1 Introduction;232
11.2;8.2 Distributed Pressure Drops;232
11.2.1;8.2.1 Turbulent Motion;232
11.2.2;8.2.2 Laminar Motion;246
11.3;8.3 Concentrated Pressure Drops;249
11.4;8.4 Pressure Drops through Tube Banks;256
11.5;8.5 Pressure Drop in Finned Tubes;259
12;A Thermal Characteristics of Materials;263
13;B Corrective Factors for the Design Computation in Real Cases;280
13.1;8.1 (D) Tube Bank with Several Passages of the External Fluid (Figs. 7.9 and 7.10);299
14;C Corrective Factors for the Verification Computation in Real Cases;304
15;Bibliography;326
16;Index;329