Armer / Clarke / Garas The Life of Structures

Physical Testing
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-0038-8
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 468 Seiten, Web PDF

The Life of Structures: Physical Testing covers the proceedings of a seminar of the same name. The said seminar is focused on the actions on structures and the performance of existing populations of structures; the properties and performance of building materials; and the internal and external environments of buildings. The book covers topics such as the methodology for the prediction of the life of existing structures; reliability of service-proven structural systems; and some effects of micro-environment on materials. Also covered are subjects such as the assessment of structures through field measured dynamic response; physical properties of structures investigated by dynamic methods; and the stiffness damage test. The text is recommended for engineers who would like to know more about the strength and lifespan of structures, as well as the effectivity of the materials involved in their construction.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Armer, G. S. T

Clarke, J. L.

Garas, F. K.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;4
2;The Life of Structures: Physical Testing;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Preface;6
6;Introduction;14
7;Chapter 1. Methodology for the prediction of the life of existing structures;18
7.1;I. SUMMARY;18
7.2;II. PLANNING THE INVESTIGATION;18
7.3;III. DOCUMENT/LITERATURE SEARCH;19
7.4;IV. SITE OBSERVATIONS;20
7.5;V. TESTING PROGRAMS;21
7.6;VI. SYNTHESIS OF THE INVESTIGATION;23
7.7;VII. LIFE PREDICTION HYPOTHESIS;24
7.8;VIII. THE REPORT;25
8;Chapter 2. Serviceability and its role in predicting structural life;26
8.1;INTRODUCTION;26
8.2;TREATMENT OF UNCERTAINTY;26
8.3;FLOOR SLAB DEFLECTIONS;27
8.4;DEFLECTION LIMITS;28
8.5;CRACKING;28
8.6;EXISTING STRUCTURES;29
8.7;VIBRATION RESPONSE;29
8.8;RESPONSE ANALYSIS;29
8.9;CONCLUSION;31
8.10;REFERENCES;31
9;Chapter 3. Reliability of service-proven structural systems;33
9.1;INTRODUCTION;33
9.2;PROOF LOAD TESTING;33
9.3;SERVICE-PROVEN STRUCTURES;35
9.4;BASIC STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS;36
9.5;CONCLUSION;37
9.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;37
9.7;REFERENCES;37
10;Chapter 4. Life cycle financial analysis for bridge rehabilitations;41
10.1;PRINCIPLES OF FINANCIAL ANALYSIS;41
10.2;References;48
11;Chapter 5. Life prediction and optimum safety;49
12;Chapter 6. The life of structures;54
12.1;1. THE DESIGN OF T H E BUILDING;54
12.2;2. THE STANDARDS OF CONSTRUCTION;58
12.3;3. THE QUALITY OF THE INDIVIDUAL COMPONENT;58
12.4;4. ECONOMICS AND TRADITION;60
12.5;CONCLUSION;60
12.6;REFERENCES;61
13;Chapter 7. Fatigue life estimation of offshore tubular joints using test data andservice experience;65
13.1;INTRODUCTION;65
13.2;EXISTING DESIGN GUIDANCE;66
13.3;EXTEND OF RESEARCH EFFORT;66
13.4;SCREENED DATABASES;66
13.5;COMPARISON OF CODE RECOMMENDATIONS WITH TEST DATA;67
13.6;ACCOUNTING FOR SERVICE EXPERIENCE;68
13.7;RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH EFFORT;69
13.8;CONCLUDING REMARKS;69
13.9;REFERENCES;70
14;Chapter 8. Some effects of micro-environment on materials;73
14.1;INTRODUCTION;73
14.2;EXAMPLES;74
14.3;CONCLUSIONS;76
14.4;REFERENCES;77
15;Chapter 9. Deterioration of factory units used as metal plating shops;83
15.1;INTRODUCTION;83
15.2;DETAILS OF THE FACTORY UNITS;83
15.3;ELECTROPLATING PROCESSES;84
15.4;CONDITION SURVEYS;84
15.5;CQNCLUStONS;88
15.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;88
15.7;REFERENCES;89
16;Chapter 10. Repair materials and repaired structures in a varying environment;90
16.1;INTRODUCTION;90
16.2;REPAIR MATERIALS;91
16.3;REPAIRED STRUCTURES;91
16.4;REPAIR PERFORMANCE;91
16.5;MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT;93
16.6;APPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS;93
16.7;REFERENCES;95
17;Chapter 11. Assessing structures through field measured dynamic response;99
17.1;BACKGROUND;99
17.2;DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS;100
17.3;BENEFITS FROM DYNAMIC TESTING;101
17.4;EXPERIMENTAL MODAL ANALYSIS;103
17.5;EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE;104
17.6;EXAMPLES;106
17.7;CONCLUSION;107
17.8;REFERENCE;107
18;Chapter 12. Monitoring of service reservoir foundation condition by dynamic testing techniques;110
18.1;Introduction;110
18.2;The Concept of Detecting Structural Change by Monitoring Dynamic Response;111
18.3;Reservoir Testing Procedure;112
18.4;DeweLofent Studies;112
18.5;Conclusions;115
18.6;Acknowledgement;115
18.7;References;115
19;Chapter 13. Physical properties of structures investigated by dynamic methods;120
19.1;INTRODUCTION;120
19.2;DEFINITIONS;120
19.3;BASIC EQUATIONS FOR SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION;121
19.4;EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS;122
19.5;CONCLUSION;124
19.6;REFERENCES;124
20;Chapter 14. The effectiveness of radar for the investigation of complex LPS joints;129
20.1;INTRODUCTION;129
20.2;EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND RESULTS;130
20.3;ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION;137
20.4;CONCLUSIONS;138
20.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;138
20.6;REFERENCES;138
21;Chapter 15. The stiffness damage test - a quantitative method of assessing damaged concrete;140
21.1;INTRODUCTION;140
21.2;THE STIFFNESS DAMAGE TEST-ASSESSING DAMAGE IN STRUCTURAL CONCRETE;141
21.3;RESULTS EMERGING FROM THE STIFFNESS DAMAGE TEST;141
21.4;CONSIDERATIONS OF CRACK ORIENTATION IN CORESAMPLES;143
21.5;CONCLUSIONS;143
21.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;143
21.7;REFERENCES;144
22;Chapter 16. Inspection practices for concrete structures in the UK;150
22.1;INTRODUCTION;150
22.2;METHOD OF RESEARCH;150
22.3;CONCLUSIONS;154
22.4;RECOMMENDATIONS;156
23;Chapter 17. Monitoring the stress-strain behaviour of prestressed concrete structures;159
23.1;1. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS;159
23.2;2. THE OPTICAL FIBER SENSOR;159
23.3;3. MODEL TESTS;162
23.4;4. INTELLIGENT PRESTRESSING TENDONS;162
23.5;5. ULENBERGSTRASSE BRIDGE IN DÜSSELDORF (FRG);163
23.6;6. PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE MARIENFELDE IN BERLIN (FRG);164
23.7;7. CONCLUSION;164
23.8;REFERENCE;164
24;Chapter 18. To better reactor containments;169
25;Chapter 19. Twenty years of surveillance experience with prestressed concretepressure vessels at Wylfa nuclear power station;171
25.1;INTRODUCTION;171
25.2;DETAILS OF PRESTRESSING SYSTEM;172
25.3;SURVEILLANCE PROGRAMME;173
25.4;RESULTS OBTAINED FROM INSPECTIONS;174
25.5;CONCLUSIONS;178
25.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;179
25.7;REFERENCES;179
26;Chapter 20. Structural assessment of thick reinforced concrete pile caps using 1/5scale models;185
26.1;INTRODUCTION;185
26.2;PRESENT PRACTICE OF PILE-CAP DESIGN;185
26.3;BRIEFR EVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESEARCH;186
26.4;VARIOUS CODES OF PRACTICE;186
26.5;DETAILS OF TEST PROGRAM;186
26.6;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;187
26.7;CONCLUDING REMARKS;187
26.8;REFERENCES;188
27;Chapter 21. The structural performance of damaged concrete elements;194
27.1;INTRODUCTION;194
27.2;TEST PROPOSALS;195
27.3;CONCLUSIONS;198
27.4;REFERENCES;199
28;Chapter 22. The Mary Rose dry dock dam;204
28.1;INTRODUCTION;204
28.2;DAM DESIGN;204
28.3;DISPLACEMENT MEASUREMENT;206
28.4;CONCLUSIONS;206
28.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;207
28.6;REFERENCES;207
29;Chapter 23. Life expectancy of hull structures of boats;212
29.1;INTRODUCTION;212
29.2;DEFINITION OF END OF STRUCTURAL LIFE;212
29.3;METHODOLOGY OF STRUCTURAL LIFE ASSESSMENT;213
29.4;STRUCTURAL LIFE ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE;214
29.5;CONCLUSIONS;217
29.6;REFERENCES;217
30;Chapter 24. The life of steel structures in the marine environment;220
30.1;INTRODUCTION;220
30.2;UK CORROSION TEST AND MONITORING SITES;221
30.3;EXPERIENCE AT LA RANCE AND OTHER MARINE SITES;222
30.4;GENERIC STUDIES ON TIDAL BARRAGES;224
30.5;CONCLUSIONS;226
30.6;REFERENCE;226
31;Chapter 25. Time dependent strength properties of materials;229
31.1;STRENGTH CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS;229
31.2;THE DEFORMATION AND FAILURE BEHAVIOUR;229
31.3;THE FAILURE CHARACTERIZATION;231
31.4;THE STRENGTH;233
31.5;REFERENCES;235
32;Chapter 26. Chloride-induced corrosion of steel in concrete - investigations with aconcrete corrosion cell;239
32.1;1 INTRODUCTION;239
32.2;2 ELECTROCHEMICAL PRINCIPLES;240
32.3;3 DESCRIPTION OF THE CONCRETE CORROSION CELL;240
32.4;4 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS;241
32.5;5 CONCLUDING REMARKS AMD FURfflER OUTLOOK;243
33;Chapter 27. Concrete cover design;247
33.1;1. INTRODUCTION;247
33.2;2. OESIGN PROCEDURE - ENGINEERING TASKS;248
33.3;3. TWO EXAMPLES;248
33.4;CONCLUSION;249
33.5;k. REFERENCES;250
34;Chapter 28. In-situ measurement of permeability of concrete cover by overpressure;256
34.1;1. INTRODUCTION;256
34.2;2. CONCRETE USED IN THE TESTS;257
34.3;3. TESTING METHODS USED;257
34.4;4. RESULTS;259
34.5;5. COMPARISON OF TEST RESULTS AND QUALITY INDICATION;261
34.6;6. CONCLUSION;261
34.7;7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;261
34.8;REFERENCES;262
35;Chapter 29. Concrete shrinks, problems don't;268
35.1;INTRODUCTION;268
35.2;CRACKING IN ONE-STOREY FRAMES;268
35.3;CRACKING IN MULTI-STOREY FRAMES;269
35.4;CRACKING IN SILO WALLS;270
35.5;RESTRAINT ANALYSIS;270
35.6;CONCLUSIONS;271
35.7;REFERENCES;271
36;Chapter 30. Lifetime performance and test-induced damage in wood structures;275
36.1;INTRODUCTION;275
36.2;THE DESIGN ENVIRONMENT;276
36.3;THE PERFORMANCE ENVIRONMENT;276
36.4;RELIABILITY CALCULATIONS;277
36.5;PROTOTYPE TESTING;279
36.6;PROOF LOADING;280
36.7;DISCUSSION;281
36.8;REFERENCES;281
37;Chapter 31. The durability of adhesive bonds in structural applications;285
37.1;INTRODUCTION;285
37.2;BRIDGE STRENGTHENING;286
37.3;ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES;287
37.4;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;291
37.5;REFERENCE;291
38;Chapter 32. Establishing and implementing the long term constitutive behaviour ofstructural plastic pipe linings;296
38.1;1) INTRODUCTION;296
38.2;2) CHOICE OF OPTIMUM CONSTITUTIVE MODEL;297
38.3;3) LONG TERM PERFORMANCE FROM SHORT TERM TESTING;298
38.4;4) TEST PROCEDURES AND RESULTS;298
38.5;5) CONSTRUCTION OF THE STATE SURFACES;299
38.6;6) IMPLEMENTATION;301
38.7;7) CONCLUSION;301
38.8;REFERENCES;301
39;Chapter 33. Testing of brick masonry piers at seventy years;304
39.1;INTRODUCTION;304
39.2;NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTS AND SAMPLE DATA;305
39.3;MEASURED BEHAVIOR OF TEST PIER;307
39.4;SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;307
39.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;307
39.6;REFERENCES;307
40;Chapter 34. Determination of in-situ stress in masonry structures;312
40.1;INTRODUCTION;312
40.2;DETERMINATION OF IN-SITU STRESSES IN MASONRY STRUCTURES;312
40.3;EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE;314
40.4;VALIDATION OF THE METHOD;316
40.5;CONCLUSIONS;316
40.6;REFERENCES;316
41;Chapter 35. Calibration of the British Ceramic Research Limited (BCRL) panelfreezing test against exposure site results;321
41.1;INTRODUCTION;321
41.2;1. BRICK SAMPLES;322
41.3;2. THE CERAM RESEARCH PANEL FREEZING TEST;322
41.4;3. EXPOSURE SITE TESTING;323
41.5;4. RESULTS;324
41.6;5. CONCLUSION;326
41.7;REFERENCES;326
42;Chapter 36. The performance of masonry arch bridges;331
42.1;1. INTRODUCTION;331
42.2;2. THE MEXE METHOD;332
42.3;3. THE TRRL RESEARCH PROGRAMME;333
42.4;4. REPAIR AND STRENGTHENING TECHNIQUES;334
42.5;5. DISCUSSION;336
42.6;6. REFERENCES;336
43;Chapter 37. The performance of masonry arch bridges with ring separation;340
43.1;INTRODUCTION;340
43.2;STUDIES OF RING SEPARATION;341
43.3;FULL-SCALE TESTING OF A MASONRY ARCH;342
43.4;CONCLUSIONS;344
43.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;344
43.6;REFERENCES;345
44;Chapter 38. A discussion comparing the performance of bridges in Dorset from 1066to present day;349
44.1;1. THE OLDER BRIDGES;349
44.2;2. THE BALANCE SHEET OF COSTING;351
44.3;3. MAINTAINING SOME OF THE BRIDGES;352
44.4;4. A LOOK AT FUTURE REQUIREMENTS;354
44.5;BIBLIOGRAPHY;355
44.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;355
45;Chapter 39. A concrete ancient monument;357
45.1;INTRODUCTION;357
45.2;HISTORY;358
45.3;RECENT INVESTIGATIONS;359
45.4;EXTENDING THE LIFE OF AXMOUTH BRIDGE;360
45.5;THE FUTURE;364
45.6;REFERENCES;364
46;Chapter 40. Durability assessment of concrete bridges by in-situ testing, early results;365
46.1;INTRODUCTION;365
46.2;THE BRIDGE;365
46.3;EARLY OBSERVATIONS;366
46.4;TEST METHODS;366
46.5;DISCUSSION;367
46.6;REFERENCES;367
47;Chapter 41. The effect of local corrosion on the life of bridge deck slabs;373
47.1;INTRODUCTION;373
47.2;COMPRESSIVE MEMBRANE ACTION;374
47.3;CYCLIC LOAD TESTS;375
47.4;LOCAL FAILURE TEST;376
47.5;USEFUL LIFE;376
47.6;CONCLUSIONS;377
47.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;378
47.8;REFERENCES;378
48;Chapter 42. Predicting the fatigue life of steel bridge decks;381
48.1;INTRODUCTION;381
48.2;THEORETICAL METHOD FOR STRESS CYCLE COUNTING;382
48.3;CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF A BRIDGE DECK;383
48.4;EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE;384
48.5;PREDICTION OF FATIGUE LIFE OF STIFFENER/PLATE WELD;385
48.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;386
48.7;REFERENCES;386
49;CHAPTER 43. Damage diagnosis and assessment of remaining fatigue life time of old steel bridges;389
49.1;INTRODUCTION;389
49.2;LOAD BEARING ELEMENTS OF THE BRIDGE;390
49.3;MOTIVATION FOR THE INVESTIGATION;391
49.4;INVESTIGATIONS;391
49.5;RESULTS;392
49.6;REFERENCES;396
50;Chapter 44. A bridge can survive earthquakes to complete its intended economic life;397
50.1;DESIGN CRITERIA;397
50.2;CONCLUSION;399
50.3;REFERENCES;400
51;Chapter 45. The stress analysis of segmental prestressed concrete bridges duringconstruction and long-term;403
51.1;INTRODUCTION;403
51.2;EXPERIMENTAL METHODS;404
51.3;DEFORMATION STATE DETERMINATION DURING PRESTRESSING OF BOX-GIRDERSEGMENTAL BRIDGES;405
51.4;THE LONG-TERM OBSERVATION OF SEGMENTAL PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BRIDGES ANDTHEIR SERVICE LIFE PREDICTION;406
51.5;CONCLUSION;407
52;Chapter 46. Assessment of the long-term performance of segmental bridges;412
52.1;INTRODUCTION;412
52.2;FIELD AND LABORATORY TESTS;412
52.3;MATERIAL PROPERTIES;413
52.4;FIELD MEASUREMENTS;415
52.5;STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS;415
52.6;CONCLUSIONS;417
52.7;REFERENCES;417
53;Chapter 47. Condition survey of 21 bridges, A74(T), Dumfries and Galloway region;422
53.1;INTRODUCTION;422
53.2;CONSTRUCTION;422
53.3;CONDITION SURVEYS;423
53.4;SUGGESTED REMEDIAL ACTION;428
53.5;COMPARISION OF DIFFERENT CONSTRUCTION PHASES;428
53.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;428
53.7;REFERENCES;429
54;Chapter 48. The performance of a population of large concrete silos;430
54.1;1.0 INTRODUCTION;430
54.2;2.0 GENERAL SURVEYS AND TESTS;432
54.3;3.0 MEASUREMENTS OF SILO CONCRETE PROPERTIES;435
54.4;4.0 SILO UNLOADING TESTS;435
54.5;5.0 ENGINEERING APPLICATION;436
54.6;6.0 CONCLUSION;437
55;Chapter 49. Insight on structural safety and age of concrete buildings in Saudi Arabia;438
55.1;INTODUCTION;438
55.2;NATIONAL STANDARDS;438
55.3;CONSTRUCTION MISTAKES;439
55.4;BUILDING ABUSES;439
55.5;ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS;440
55.6;DESIGN SHORTCOMINGS;440
55.7;CAUSES OF CONCRETE CRACKING IN SAUDI ARABIA- SUMMARY;442
55.8;RECOMMENDATIONS;442
55.9;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;443
55.10;REFERENCES;443
56;Chapter 50. The future of Orlit houses in Northern Ireland;447
56.1;INTRODUCTION;447
56.2;CATEGORISATION OF ESTATES;451
56.3;CONCLUSIONS;452
56.4;REFERENCES;452
57;Chapter 51. PRC houses-the SSHA experience;457
57.1;WHAT IS S.S.H.A?;457
57.2;INTRODUCTION;457
57.3;INVESTIGATION;458
57.4;CONCLUSIONS;462
57.5;REFERENCES;463
58;Index;468