Ashby Materials Selection in Mechanical Design

4. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-0-08-095223-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 640 Seiten

Understanding materials, their properties and behavior is fundamental to engineering design, and a key application of materials science. Written for all students of engineering, materials science and design, Materials Selection in Mechanical Design describes the procedures for material selection in mechanical design in order to ensure that the most suitable materials for a given application are identified from the full range of materials and section shapes available. Extensively revised for this fourth edition, Materials Selection in Mechanical Design is recognized as one of the leading materials selection texts, and provides a unique and genuinely innovative resource. Features new to this edition: - Material property charts now in full color throughout - Significant revisions of chapters on engineering materials, processes and process selection, and selection of material and shape while retaining the book's hallmark structure and subject content - Fully revised chapters on hybrid materials and materials and the environment - Appendix on data and information for engineering materials fully updated - Revised and expanded end-of-chapter exercises and additional worked examples Materials are introduced through their properties; materials selection charts (also available on line) capture the important features of all materials, allowing rapid retrieval of information and application of selection techniques. Merit indices, combined with charts, allow optimization of the materials selection process. Sources of material property data are reviewed and approaches to their use are given. Material processing and its influence on the design are discussed. New chapters on environmental issues, industrial engineering and materials design are included, as are new worked examples, exercise materials and a separate, online Instructor's Manual. New case studies have been developed to further illustrate procedures and to add to the practical implementation of the text. - The new edition of the leading materials selection text, now with full color material property charts - Includes significant revisions of chapters on engineering materials, processes and process selection, and selection of material and shape while retaining the book's hallmark structure and subject content - Fully revised chapters on hybrid materials and materials and the environment - Appendix on data and information for engineering materials fully updated - Revised and expanded end-of-chapter exercises and additional worked examples

Mike Ashby is one of the world's foremost authorities on materials selection. He is sole or lead author of several of Elsevier's top selling engineering textbooks, including Materials and Design: The Art and Science of Material Selection in Product Design, Materials Selection in Mechanical Design, Materials and the Environment, Materials and Sustainable Development, and Materials: Engineering, Science, Processing and Design. He is also co-author of the books Engineering Materials 1&2, and Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Design.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Ashby, Michael F.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Materials Selection in Mechanical Design;4
3;Copyright;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Preface;12
5.1;Acknowledgments;13
6;Features of the Fourth Edition;14
7;Chapter 1. Introduction;18
7.1;1.1 Introduction and Synopsis;19
7.2;1.2 Materials in Design;19
7.3;1.3 The Evolution of Engineering Materials;21
7.4;1.4 The Evolution of Materials in Products;25
7.5;1.5 Summary and Conclusions;29
7.6;1.6 Further Reading;29
8;Chapter 2. The Design Process;32
8.1;2.1 Introduction and Synopsis;33
8.2;2.2 The Design Process;33
8.3;2.3 Types of Design;37
8.4;2.4 Design Tools and Materials Data;38
8.5;2.5 Function, Material, Shape, and Process;40
8.6;2.6 Case Study: Devices to Open Corked Bottles;40
8.7;2.7 Summary and Conclusions;43
8.8;2.8 Further Reading;44
9;Chapter 3. Engineering Materials and Their Properties;48
9.1;3.1 Introduction and Synopsis;49
9.2;3.2 The Families of Engineering Materials;49
9.3;3.3 Materials Information for Design;52
9.4;3.4 Material Properties and Their Units;55
9.5;3.5 Summary and Conclusions;72
9.6;3.6 Further Reading;72
10;Chapter 4. Material Property Charts;74
10.1;4.1 Introduction and Synopsis;75
10.2;4.2 Exploring Material Properties;76
10.3;4.3 The Material Property Charts;81
10.4;4.4 Summary and Conclusions;110
10.5;4.5 Further Reading;112
11;Chapter 5. Materials Selection—The Basics;114
11.1;5.1 Introduction and Synopsis;115
11.2;5.2 The Selection Strategy;116
11.3;5.3 Material Indices;123
11.4;5.4 The Selection Procedure;132
11.5;5.5 Computer-Aided Selection;137
11.6;5.6 The Structural Index;139
11.7;5.7 Summary and Conclusions;140
11.8;5.8 Further Reading;140
12;Chapter 6. Case Studies: Materials Selection;142
12.1;6.1 Introduction and Synopsis;143
12.2;6.2 Materials for Oars;144
12.3;6.3 Mirrors for Large Telescopes;147
12.4;6.4 Materials for Table Legs;151
12.5;6.5 Cost: Structural Materials for Buildings;155
12.6;6.6 Materials for Flywheels;159
12.7;6.7 Materials for Springs;164
12.8;6.8 Elastic Hinges and Couplings;168
12.9;6.9 Materials for Seals;171
12.10;6.10 Deflection-limited Design with Brittle Polymers;174
12.11;6.11 Safe Pressure Vessels;177
12.12;6.12 Stiff, High-damping Materials for Shaker Tables;182
12.13;6.13 Insulation for Short-term Isothermal Containers;186
12.14;6.14 Energy-efficient Kiln Walls;189
12.15;6.15 Materials for Passive Solar Heating;192
12.16;6.16 Materials to Minimize Thermal Distortion in Precision Devices;195
12.17;6.17 Materials for Heat Exchangers;198
12.18;6.18 Heat Sinks for Hot Microchips;203
12.19;6.19 Materials for Radomes;206
12.20;6.20 Summary and Conclusions;211
12.21;6.21 Further Reading;211
13;Chapter 7. Multiple Constraints and Conflicting Objectives;214
13.1;7.1 Introduction and Synopsis;215
13.2;7.2 Selection with Multiple Constraints;216
13.3;7.3 Conflicting Objectives;220
13.4;7.4 Summary and Conclusions;228
13.5;7.5 Further Reading;228
13.6;7.6 Appendix: Weight Factors and Fuzzy Methods;229
14;Chapter 8. Case Studies: Multiple Constraints and Conflicting Objectives;234
14.1;8.1 Introduction and Synopsis;235
14.2;8.2 Multiple Constraints: Light Pressure Vessels;235
14.3;8.3 Multiple Constraints: Con-rods for High-performance Engines;239
14.4;8.4 Multiple Constraints: Windings for High-field Magnets;243
14.5;8.5 Conflicting Objectives: Table Legs Again;249
14.6;8.6 Conflicting Objectives: Wafer-thin Casings for Must-have Electronics;250
14.7;8.7 Conflicting Objectives: Materials for a Disk-brake Caliper;254
14.8;8.8 Summary and Conclusions;258
15;Chapter 9. Selection of Material and Shape;260
15.1;9.1 Introduction and Synopsis;261
15.2;9.2 Shape Factors;263
15.3;9.3 Limits to Shape Efficiency;274
15.4;9.4 Exploring Material-shape Combinations;277
15.5;9.5 Material Indices That Include Shape;282
15.6;9.6 Graphical Coselecting Using Indices;286
15.7;9.7 Architectured Materials: Microscopic Shape;287
15.8;9.8 Summary and Conclusions;291
15.9;9.9 Further Reading;293
16;Chapter 10. Case Studies: Material and Shape;294
16.1;10.1 Introduction and Synopsis;295
16.2;10.2 Spars for Human-powered Planes;296
16.3;10.3 Forks for a Racing Bicycle;299
16.4;10.4 Floor Joists: Wood, Bamboo, or Steel?;301
16.5;10.5 Table Legs Yet Again: Thin or Light?;304
16.6;10.6 Increasing the Stiffness of Steel Sheet;306
16.7;10.7 Shapes that Flex: Leaf and Strand Structures;308
16.8;10.8 Ultra-efficient Springs;310
16.9;10.9 Summary and Conclusions;313
17;Chapter 11. Designing Hybrid Materials;316
17.1;11.1 Introduction and Synopsis;317
17.2;11.2 Holes in Material-property Space;320
17.3;11.3 The Method: “A + B + Configuration + Scale”;322
17.4;11.4 Composites;324
17.5;11.5 Sandwich Structures;333
17.6;11.6 Cellular Structures: Foams and Lattices;345
17.7;11.7 Segmented Structures;353
17.8;11.8 Summary and Conclusions;355
17.9;11.9 Further Reading;356
18;Chapter 12. Case Studies: Hybrids;358
18.1;12.1 Introduction and Synopsis;359
18.2;12.2 Designing Metal Matrix Composites;359
18.3;12.3 Flexible Conductors and Percolation;361
18.4;12.4 Extreme Combinations of Thermal and Electrical Conduction;364
18.5;12.5 Refrigerator Walls;366
18.6;12.6 Materials for Microwave-Transparent Enclosures;369
18.7;12.7 Connectors That Don’t Relax Their Grip;371
18.8;12.8 Exploiting Anisotropy: Heat-spreading Surfaces;373
18.9;12.9 The Mechanical Efficiency of Natural Materials;375
18.10;12.10 Further Reading: Natural Materials;382
19;Chapter 13. Processes and Process Selection;384
19.1;13.1 Introduction and Synopsis;385
19.2;13.2 Classifying Processes;386
19.3;13.3 The Processes: Shaping, Joining, Finishing;389
19.4;13.4 Processing for Properties;405
19.5;13.5 Systematic Process Selection;409
19.6;13.6 Ranking: Process Cost;423
19.7;13.7 Computer-aided Process Selection;428
19.8;13.8 Summary and Conclusions;430
19.9;13.9 Further Reading;430
20;Chapter 14. Case Studies: Process Selection;432
20.1;14.1 Introduction and Synopsis;433
20.2;14.2 Casting an Aluminum Con-Rod;433
20.3;14.3 Forming a Fan;436
20.4;14.4 Spark Plug Insulators;446
20.5;14.5 A Manifold Jacket;448
20.6;14.6 Joining a Steel Radiator;450
20.7;14.7 Surface-hardening a Ball-bearing Race;452
20.8;14.8 Summary and Conclusions;453
21;Chapter 15. Materials and the Environment;454
21.1;15.1 Introduction and Synopsis;455
21.2;15.2 The Material Life-Cycle;455
21.3;15.3 Material and Energy-Consuming Systems;457
21.4;15.4 The Eco-Attributes of Materials;459
21.5;15.5 Eco-selection;464
21.6;15.6 Case Studies: Drink Containers and Crash Barriers;470
21.7;15.7 Summary and Conclusions;474
21.8;15.8 Further Reading;475
22;Chapter 16. Materials and Industrial Design;478
22.1;16.1 Introduction and Synopsis;479
22.2;16.2 The Requirements Pyramid;480
22.3;16.3 Product Character;481
22.4;16.4 Using Materials and Processes to Create Product Personality;484
22.5;16.5 Summary and Conclusions;493
22.6;16.6 Further Reading;493
23;Chapter 17. Forces for Change;496
23.1;17.1 Introduction and Synopsis;497
23.2;17.2 Market Pull and Science Push;497
23.3;17.3 Growing Population and Wealth and Market Saturation;504
23.4;17.4 Product Liability and Service Provision;504
23.5;17.5 Miniaturization and Multifunctionality;506
23.6;17.6 Concern for the Environment and for the Individual;507
23.7;17.7 Summary and Conclusions;509
23.8;17.8 Further Reading;509
24;Appendix A. Data for Engineering Materials;512
24.1;Table A.1 Names and Applications: Metals and Alloys;514
24.2;Table A.1 Names and Applications: Polymers and Foams;515
24.3;Table A.1 Names and Applications: Composites, Ceramics, Glasses, and Natural Materials;516
24.4;Table A.2 Melting Temperature, Tm, and Glass Temperature, Tg;517
24.5;Table A.3 Density, .;519
24.6;Table A.4 Young’s Modulus, E;521
24.7;Table A.5 Yield Strength, sy, and Tensile Strength, sts;523
24.8;Table A.6 Fracture Toughness (plane strain), KIC;525
24.9;Table A.7 Thermal Conductivity, ., and Thermal Expansion, a;527
24.10;Table A.8 Heat Capacity, Cp;529
24.11;Table A.9 Resistivity and Dielectric Constant;531
24.12;Table A.10 Embodied Energy and CO2 Footprint;533
24.13;Table A.11 Approximate Material Prices, Cm;535
24.14;Ways of Checking and Estimating Data;537
24.15;Further Reading;540
25;Appendix B. Useful Solutions for Standard Problems;542
25.1;Introduction and Synopsis;544
25.2;B.1 Constitutive Equations for Mechanical Response;545
25.3;B.2 Moments of Sections;547
25.4;B.3 Elastic Bending of Beams;549
25.5;B.4 Failure of Beams and Panels;551
25.6;B.5 Buckling of Columns, Plates, and Shells;553
25.7;B.6 Torsion of Shafts;555
25.8;B.7 Static and Spinning Disks;557
25.9;B.8 Contact Stresses;559
25.10;B.9 Estimates for Stress Concentrations;561
25.11;B.10 Sharp Cracks;563
25.12;B.11 Pressure Vessels;565
25.13;B.12 Vibrating Beams, Tubes, and Disks;567
25.14;B.13 Creep and Creep Fracture;569
25.15;B.14 Flow of Heat and Matter;571
25.16;B.15 Solutions for Diffusion Equations;573
25.17;B.16 Further Reading;575
26;Appendix C. Material Indices;576
26.1;C.1 Introduction and Synopsis;577
26.2;C.2 Uses of Material Indices;577
27;Appendix D. Data Sources for Documentation;582
27.1;D.1 Introduction;583
27.2;D.2 Information Sources for Materials;583
27.3;D.3 Information for Manufacturing Processes;606
27.4;D.4 Databases and Expert Systems as Software;607
27.5;D.5 Additional Useful Internet Sites;609
28;Appendix E. Exercises;612
28.1;E.1 Introduction to Exercises;612
28.2;E.2 Material Evolution in Products (Chapter 1);613
28.3;E.3 Devising Concepts (Chapter 2);614
28.4;E.4 Using Material Properties (Chapter 3);614
28.5;E.5 Using Material Property Charts (Chapter 4);616
28.6;E.6 Translation: Constraints and Objectives (Chapters 5 and 6);619
28.7;E.7 Deriving and Using Material Indices (Chapters 5 and 6);622
28.8;E.8 Multiple Constraints and Objectives (Chapters 7 and 8);630
28.9;E.9 Selecting Material and Shape (Chapters 9 and 10);639
28.10;E.10 Hybrid Materials (Chapters 11 and 12);646
28.11;E.11 Selecting Processes (Chapters 13 and 14);650
28.12;E.12 Materials and the Environment (Chapter 15);655
29;Index;658
30;Back Cover;665