Bacq / Alexander Fundamentals of Radiobiology

International Series of Monographs in Pure and Applied Biology: Modern Trends in Physiological Sciences
2. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-8452-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 576 Seiten, Web PDF

Fundamentals of Radiobiology presents a clear picture of the effects of radiation to living organisms. It discusses the steps leading from the absorption of energy to death or final injury. The focus of study is the changes induced at the molecular level by absorbing energy. Some of the topics covered in the book are the methods for determining the direct and indirect action in biological systems, the nature of the initial chemical lesion in cellular radiobiology, the definition of target theory and the meaning of poison theory. The subjects on general radiation chemistry are also covered. The fields of radiation chemistry that will be discussed are the role of excitation, the variation of reactions between gases, liquids, and solids; and the status of free radicals created. The effects of radiation on macromolecules are discussed. The text defines the important role of metabolism in the development of the lesions. An analysis of the interactions of ionizing radiations with is presented. A chapter of the volume is devoted to the radiation chemistry of aqueous systems. Another section of the book focuses on the chemicals which simulate the biological effects of ionizing radiations. The book will provide useful information to doctors, chemists, biologists, radiologists, students and researchers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Bacq, Z. M.

Alexander, Peter

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Fundamentals of Radiobiology;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Dedication;6
6;Foreword;12
7;INTRODUCTION The Stepwise Development of Radiation Injury;16
7.1;THE ESSENTIAL ROLE OF METABOLISM IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LESIONS;18
7.2;REFERENCES;19
8;CHAPTER 1. Interaction of Ionizing Radiations with Matter;21
8.1;COMPARISON OF THE DIFFERENT RADIATIONS;21
8.2;MECHANISM OF ENERGY LOSS BY x- AND .-RADIATIONS;27
8.3;ENERGY LOSS BY PARTICULATE RADIATIONS;34
8.4;UNITS OF RADIATION DOSE AND RADIOACTIVITY;35
8.5;MEASUREMENT OF DOSE;39
8.6;IONIZATION DENSITY;44
8.7;EXCITATIONS PRODUCED BY IONIZING RADIATIONS;58
9;CHAPTER 2. Direct and Indirect Action in Biological Systems;64
9.1;METHODS FOR DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN DIRECT AND INDIRECT ACTION;65
9.2;RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT ACTION IN VITRO;75
9.3;RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT ACTION IN CELLS;79
10;CHAPTER 3. Dose-Response Relationships in Chemical and Biological Systems;82
10.1;THE D37 DOSE AND "SINGLE-HIT" CONCEPT;82
10.2;"MULTI-HIT" EFFECTS;85
10.3;THRESHOLD — A PROBLEM OF MAMMALIAN RADIOBIOLOGY;88
11;CHAPTER 4. The Nature of the Initial Chemical Lesion in Cellular Radiobiology;94
11.1;THE TARGET THEORY;96
11.2;APPLICATION OF TARGET THEORY TO RADIATION EFFECTS PRODUCED IN VIVO;101
11.3;THE RELATIVE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT IONIZING RADIATIONS;109
11.4;THE POISON THEORY;115
11.5;CONCLUSIONS;116
12;CHAPTER 5. General Radiation Chemistry;119
12.1;ROLE OF EXCITATION;120
12.2;DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE REACTIONS IN GASES AND THOSE IN LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS;126
12.3;PROTECTION AND ENERGY TRANSFER;129
12.4;FATE OF FREE RADICALS PRODUCED;134
13;CHAPTER 6. The Radiation Chemistry of Aqueous Systems;141
13.1;INTRODUCTION;141
13.2;HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT;142
13.3;PRIMARY PRODUCTS IN THE RADIOLYSIS OF WATER;143
13.4;REACTIONS OF FREE RADICALS;155
13.5;REACTIONS OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES DISSOLVED IN WATER;166
14;CHAPTER 7. Effect of Radiation on Macromolecules;176
14.1;RADIATION CHANGES IN SYNTHETIC POLYMERS PRODUCED BY INDIRECT ACTION;179
14.2;RADIATION CHANGES IN SYNTHETIC POLYMERS PRODUCED BY DIRECT ACTION;186
14.3;PROTECTION OF POLYMERS;196
14.4;PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES PRODUCED IN PROTEINS BY DIRECT ACTION;200
14.5;PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES IN PROTEINS PRODUCED BY INDIRECT ACTION;208
14.6;CROSSLINKING AND DEGRADATION OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID;215
14.7;CHANGES PRODUCED IN DNA FOLLOWING IRRADIATION IN VIVO;231
14.8;THE USE OF RADIATION AS AN ANALYTICAL TOOL;233
15;CHAPTER 8. Chemicals which Simulate the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiations;242
15.1;THE CHEMISTRY OF THE BIOLOGICAL ALKYLATING AGENTS;247
15.2;COMPARISON OF BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS PRODUCED BY THE ALKYLATING AGENTS AND BY RADIATIONS;251
15.3;MECHANISM OF ACTION OF THE ALKYLATING AGENTS;256
15.4;RADIOMIMETIC PROPERTIES OF PEROXIDES AND OXYGEN AT HIGH CONCENTRATIONS;262
16;CHAPTER 9. Effects at the Cellular Level;266
16.1;INTRODUCTION;266
16.2;MITOSIS;267
16.3;MEIOSIS;269
16.4;MITOSIS IN A COMPLEX ORGANISM;270
16.5;REVERSIBLE CELL DAMAGE AND MITOTIC DELAY;272
16.6;CELL DEATH;275
16.7;"BREAKAGE" OF CHROMOSOMES;284
16.8;GENETIC EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATIONS;287
17;CHAPTER 10. Biochemical Mechanisms for Cellular Effects—The Enzyme Release Hypothesis;294
17.1;NUCLEUS VERSUS CYTOPLASM;294
17.2;CHROMOSOME "BREAKAGE";299
17.3;INTERRUPTION OF ENERGY SUPPLY;302
17.4;THE ENZYME-RELEASE HYPOTHESIS;303
18;CHAPTER 11. The Effect of Oxygen in Radiobiology;313
18.1;TIME AT WHICH OXYGEN ACTS;314
18.2;CONCENTRATION OF OXYGEN REQUIRED;317
18.3;THE OXYGEN EFFECT IN MAMMALS;320
18.4;APPLICATION OF OXYGEN EFFECT TO RADIOTHERAPY;323
18.5;MECHANISM OF ACTION;325
19;CHAPTER 12. Comparative Radiosensitivity of Living Organisms;332
20;CHAPTER 13. Pathological Biochemistry of Irradiated Living Organisms;344
20.1;OXYGEN CONSUMPTION;345
20.2;CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM AFTER IRRADIATION;346
20.3;DISTURBANCES IN FAT METABOLISM;350
20.4;PROTEIN METABOLISM;355
20.5;CHANGES IN ELECTROLYTE CONCENTRATION;360
20.6;SULPHYDRYL ENZYMES AND PROTEINS;361
20.7;INCREASED ENZYMIC AND SYNTHETIC ACTIVITY AFTER IRRADIATION;365
20.8;INHIBITION OF ISOLATED ENZYME SYSTEMS IN VIVO;378
20.9;BIOSYNTHESIS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS;380
20.10;MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR DECREASED BIOSYNTHESIS OF DNA AND RNA;385
20.11;THE NUCLEASES;388
20.12;SUMMARY;392
21;CHAPTER 14. Processes of Restoration after Irradiation;402
21.1;RESTORATION OF GENETIC DAMAGE AND OF REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY;403
21.2;RECOVERY FROM PHYSIOLOGICAL INJURIES;408
21.3;REPAIR IN MAMMALS;410
22;CHAPTER 15. Neuro-endocrine Reactions in Radiation Sickness;420
22.1;STRESS AND THE ADAPTATION SYNDROME;420
22.2;DO IONIZING RADIATIONS ACT AS STRESSES?;422
22.3;DIFFICULTIES IN FACTS AND INTERPRETATIONS;425
22.4;FIRST AND SECOND REACTIONS;427
23;CHAPTER 16. Physiopathology of Radiation Sickness in Mammals;439
23.1;HYPERACUTE SYNDROME;439
23.2;THE FIRST STAGE OF RADIATION SICKNESS;440
23.3;CHANGES IN PERMEABILITY;449
23.4;BLOOD CHANGES;452
23.5;THE SECOND STAGE OF ACUTE RADIATION SICKNESS;456
24;CHAPTER 17. Delayed Effects;471
24.1;SHORTENING OF LIFE-SPAN;471
24.2;CANCER AND LEUKAEMIA INDUCTION;477
24.3;DAMAGE TO EMBRYOS;482
24.4;OTHER LATE EFFECTS;483
25;CHAPTER 18. Interaction Between Cells and Tissues Following Irradiation;486
26;CHAPTER 19. Chemical Protection Against X- and Gamma-Rays;492
26.1;TECHNIQUES;492
26.2;THE PROTECTIVE SUBSTANCES;493
26.3;MECHANISM OF ACTION OF RADIOPROTECTORS;500
26.4;CYSTEAMINE AND —SH PROTECTORS;507
26.5;HISTAMINE, ADRENALINE, 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE;514
26.6;SUBSTANCES WHICH INTENSIFY THE EFFECTS OF X-RAYS;514
27;CHAPTER 20. Treatment by Bone-marrow and Spleen Cells;521
27.1;PHYSICAL PROTECTION OF THE SPLEEN, LIVER, BONES AND OTHER ORGANS;521
27.2;INJECTIONS OF HOMOGENATES OF SPLEEN OR BONE-MARROW AFTER IRRADIATION;523
28;CHAPTER 21. Human Experience;533
28.1;SOURCE OF RADIATIONS TO WORLD POPULATION AND THEIR IMPORTANCE;533
28.2;POSSIBLE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL BACKGROUND RADIATIONS;540
28.3;ACUTE RADIATION SYNDROME IN MAN;544
28.4;APPLICATIONS TO THERAPY;549
29;POSTSCRIPT The Role of Radiobiology in the World;553
30;AUTHOR INDEX;556
31;SUBJECT INDEX;574